| 释义 |
whereby, adv.|hwɛəˈbaɪ|
[f. where 15 + by prep.]
I.
1. interrog. a. By, beside, or near what? in what direction? b. By what means? how? (by 29, 30.) †c. For what reason? why? (by 36).
a1300Cursor M. 7801 Þat þai bath er slain, quar-bi Wat þou it es sua? c1350Will. Palerne 2256 Wharbi seistow so so þe god help? 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. x. 436 Wherby wote men whiche is whyte if alle þinge blake were? a1450Myrc Par. Pr. 4 In-to þe dyche þey fallen boo, For þey ne sen whare by to go. 1470–85Malory Arthur viii. xvi. 297 Be ye a knyght of Cornewaile? where by aske ye hit? said sir Tristram. 1526Tindale Luke i. 18 Wherby shall I knowe this? 1604Shakes. Oth. iii. i. 9 Clo. Thereby hangs a tale. Mus. Whereby hangs a tale, sir? 1755Johnson s.v., Whereby wilt thou accomplish thy design?
II. rel.
2. By means of or by the agency of which; from which (as a source of information); according to which, in the matter of which, etc.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 81 We wolden sen sum fortocne of þe, Warbi we mihten cnowen ȝif it soð were þat þu seist. c1250Gen. & Ex. 573 Mete quorbi ðei miȝten liuen. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiv. 40 Lyflode..Wher-of or wherfore or where-by to lybbe. 1390Gower Conf. II. 294 A staf, wherby, he seide, he wolde That Adrian him scholde holde. c1450Mirk's Festial 195 Summe spyritual visyon wherby þat he myȝt haue ben confortyd yn sowle. 1450–1520Myrr. our Ladye ii. 234 A starre of Iacob wherby ys vnderstonde oure lorde iesu cryste. 1560Bible (Geneva) Jer. xxxiii. 8, I will cleanse them from all their iniquitie, whereby they haue sinned against me. 1584J. Melvill Autob. & Diary (Wodrow Soc.) 192 The absolut power, wharbe..the haill privileges of the thrie Esteates of the Realme is weakned. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacræ ii. iii. §3 The rationall evidence of that divine authority whereby Moses acted. 1667Milton P.L. v. 411 Every lower facultie Of sense, whereby they hear, see, smell, touch, taste. 1697in Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 516 His Return of rep[re]sentatives for Council was produced, qrby it appeared [etc.]. 1709Berkeley Th. Vision §61 Stated Lengths, whereby we measure Objects. 1794R. J. Sulivan View Nat. II. 92 An universal plastic power, whereby every body in nature receives its..specific form. 1883Whitelaw Sophocles, Ajax 1025 This..sword-point—this whereby Ebbed out thy life. 1918Times Lit. Suppl. 14 Mar. 122/2 There is no convention in war whereby the loser can convert disaster into stalemate.
3. In consequence of, as a result of, or owing to which; from which (as a cause or reason); wherefore; sometimes practically equivalent to ‘so that’, ‘in order that’. Obs. exc. dial.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 310 Þise men lousen crist þat maken hise membris heere special patrouns, & leuen to haue crist oonliche heere patroun, werbi þei louen lasse crist. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. c. 49 b/1 The table rounde, wherby sprange the fame of so many noble knightes through out all the worlde. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 1 b, It was put in to my mynde to drawe it in the englysshe tonge, wherby it myght be the more accepte to many. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, v. i. 67 We were inforc'd for safety sake, to..raise this present Head, Whereby we stand opposed by such meanes As you your selfe haue forg'd against your selfe. 1632Lithgow Trav. v. 232 Wee buried the slayne people in deep graues, whereby Iackals should not open vp their graues. 1678Wanley Wond. Lit. World v. ii. §81. 472/2 He was suddenly seised with a Cancer in the Reins of his back, whereby he rotted above ground. 1844Hood Univ. Feud 105 Whereby it so may happen as that neither of them Scholars May be the proper Chairman for the Glorious Apollers! 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer xv, I ought to be..going peacefully to bed, whereby I should wake up with a clear head.
b. Upon which, whereupon. dial. ? Obs.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. i. 104 Goodwife Keech..telling vs she had a good dish of Prawnes; whereby yu didst desire to eat some: whereby I told thee they were ill for a greene wound. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. xxiv, Whereby he told the captain that..he would heave him overboard. Ibid., We heard firing, whereby we made for the place.
4. Beside or near which; along, through, or over which. Now rare.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 21 Wateres..Ȝware bi þe ssipes mowe come fram þe se. 14..Master of Game xix. (MS. Digby 182), A kenell shulde haue a gutter or two, wherby alle þe pisse of þe houndes..may renne oute. 1586Lloyd Pilgr. Princes 154 b, Hee..hideth him selfe vnder some..rocke, or any other place, whereby hee semeth to bee. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. v. I. 293 He occupies and standes in a way quhairby the men of weir fled. 1818Byron Ch. Har. iv. xxxiii, The brawling brook, where-by..glide the sauntering hours With a calm languor. 1847Tennyson Princess iv. 359 Fear..wing'd Her transit to the throne, whereby she fell Delivering seal'd dispatches. 1885–94R. Bridges Eros & Psyche Feb. 10 At Aphrodite's golden gate—whereby They came as night was close on twilight dim. |