| 释义 |
▪ I. kemp, n.1 Obs. exc. dial.
Forms: 1 cempa, (cæmpa), 2 cempe, 3–5 kempe, (3 kimppe), 4–6, 9, kemp.
[OE. cęmpa wk. masc. = OFris. kempa, kampa, OS. *kempio (MDu. kemp(e, kimp(e, MLG. kempe), OHG. chemph(i)o (MHG. kempfe; G. kämpe, from LG., for earlier kämpfe):—WGer. *kampjōn-. It is doubtful whether this is an independent formation from kamp- (camp n.1) battle, or ad. late L. campiōn-em (see campion).]
1. A big, strong, and brave warrior or athlete; a professional fighter, wrestler, etc.; a champion.
a700Epinal Gloss. 481 Gladiatores, caempan [Erfurt cempan]. 995Death of Byrhtnoth 119 Him æt fotum feoll fæᵹe cempa. a1175Cott. Hom. 243 Gif we ofercumed heom we scule bien imersed alle gode cempen. a1225Ancr. R. 196 Iðe vihte aȝeines ham, heo biȝiteð þe blisfule kempene crune. c1300Havelok 1036 He was for a kempe told. c1350Will. Palerne 3352 Oþer kud kempes. 1470–85Malory Arthur vii. viii, They rasshed to gyders lyke two myghty kempys. 1527Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. in Pitcairn Crim. Trials I. *271 Item, to John Drummond, callit the kingis kemp..xv li. 1562Winȝet Tractates Wks. 1888 I. 33 Albeit thir twa ȝoure kempis dar not for schame ansuer in this mater. 1818Scott Burt's Lett. N. Scotl. I. Introd. 62 Hammer Donald..(like Viga Glum and other celebrated Kemps and homicides of the North). 1832Motherwell Poems (1847) 7 In starkest fight where kemp to kemp, Reel headlong to the grave. 1893Northumbld. Gloss., Kemp, an impetuous youth.
2. = kemper a.
1573Satir. Poems Reform. xlii. 276 All the corne of the Countrie Be kempis hes not bene schorne, we see.
3. Sc. A seed-stalk of the ribwort (Plantago lanceolata), used in a children's game: see quot. 1825. [So Norw. kjæmpe, Sw. kämpa.] Cf. cocks.
1825Jamieson s.v., Two children, or young people, pull each a dozen of stalks of rib-grass; and try who with his kemp, can decapitate the greatest number of those belonging to his opponent. 1853G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. I. 170 It is customary with children to challenge each other to try the ‘kemps’. 1893in Northumbld. Gloss.
▪ II. kemp, n.2|kɛmp|
[app. the same as camp n.4, a. ON. kamp-r beard, moustache, whisker of a cat, lion, etc.]
A coarse or stout hair, as those of the eyebrows (obs.); now, hair of this kind occurring among wool. Also in comb. kemp-hair; kemp-haired a.
c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1276 Lik a grifphon looked he aboute, With kempe [v.r. keempe] heeris on hise browes stoute. 1570Levins Manip. 59/45 Kemp, haire, grande⁓bala. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 9 To cutt of all the shaggie hairy woll..this the shepheardes call forcinge of them, and cuttinge of kempe-haires. Ibid. 11 Sheepe which..are thinne skinn'd..or kempe-hair'd. 1805J. Luccock Nat. Wool 170 Its staple was perfectly free from kemps and wild hair, so common upon the backs of northern sheep. 1849Rowlandson in Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. Eng. X. ii. 436 The fineness of the Ryeland fleece and freedom from kemps.
▪ III. † kemp, n.3 Obs. rare.
? A barrel or cask.
1391Earl Derby's Exp. (Camden) 77/22 Pro ij kempes de rubiis allecibus. c1440Promp. Parv. 270/2 Kempe of herynge, or spyrlynge.
▪ IV. † kemp, n.4 Obs. rare.
A kind of eel.
c1440Promp. Parv. 270/2 Kempe eel [no Latin]. 1515Barclay Egloges iv. (1570) C iv b/2 Fed..with crudd, Or slimy kempes ill smelling of the mud. 1552Huloet, Kempe or small eale, anguilula. 1884Day Brit. Fishes II. 243.
▪ V. kemp, n.5 Sc.
[f. kemp v.]
A contest, esp. of reapers when kemping.
1786Har'st Rig in Chambers Pop. Hum. Scot. Poems (1862) 50 The master..cries with haste, ‘Come, lads, forbear, This kemp let be’. 1844Richardson Borderer's Table Bk. VII. 372 The stormy Kemp, or emulous struggle for the honour of the ridge-end. 1870Hunter Stud. Pref. (E.D.D.), What ever lesson we began to, we gaed at it just like a kemp on the hairst rig.
▪ VI. kemp, v. Sc. and north. dial.|kɛmp|
[ME. kempen = MDu. kempen, kimpen, LG. kämpen, OHG. chemfan (MHG. kempfen, G. kämpfen), ON. keppa (:—*kempa; Sw. kämpa, Da. kæmpe):—OTeut. *kampjan, f. kamp-: see camp n.1 and kemp n.1]
intr. a. To fight or contend in battle with another. b. To contend or strive in doing a piece of work; said esp. of a set of reapers striving to finish their ‘rig’ first.
a.a1400Morte Arth. 2634 There is no kynge undire Criste may kempe with hym one! 1893Northumbld. Gloss. s.v. Kemps, They are called by children kemps..and are used to kemp or fight with.
b.1513Douglas æneis iii. x. 20 We..kempand with airis in all our mane, Wp welteris watter of the salt se flude. 1685Lintoun Green (1817) 95 (E.D.D.) [She] could..kemp wi' Kate or Wull, On harvest day. 1786Har'st Rig in Chambers Pop. Hum. Scot. Poems (1862) 48 This sets the lave a-working fast—They kemp at length. a1881Carlyle in Mrs. C.'s Lett. (1883) II. 192 His reapers had taken to ‘kemp’ and spoiled him much stuff. |