| 释义 |
kerato-|ˈkɛrətəʊ|
before a vowel kerat-, var. of cerato-, combining form of Gr. κέρας, κερατ- horn, used in various scientific terms relating to horny substances, or to the cornea of the eye: as keratecˈtasia Ophthalm. [ectasia], protrusion of the cornea; keraˈtectomy Surg. [Gr. ἐκτοµή cutting out], excision of part of the cornea; keˈratic a. Ophthalm., occurring on the cornea; ˌkeratoacanˈthoma (pl. -omas, -omata) Path. [acantho- + -oma], a tumour-like overgrowth of the skin, resembling a squamous carcinoma with a keratinized centre, but usually healing spontaneously; molluscum sebaceum; ˌkeratoconjuncˈtival a., of or pertaining to the cornea and the conjunctiva, or keratoconjunctivitis; ˌkeratoconjunctiˈvitis Path., inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva; any disorder so characterized; keratoˈconus Path. [Gr. κῶνος cone] = conical cornea (see cornea); keratoˈcricoid Anat. [cricoid] a., relating to the cornua of the cricoid cartilage; also as n., a short slender muscle arising from the cricoid cartilage (Stormonth Man. Scient. Terms 1879); keratoˈderma, -ia Med., a local or general thickening of the horny layer of the epidermis; keratoˈgenic, keraˈtogenous adjs., producing, or promoting the production of, keratinous material; keratoˈglobus Path. [L. globus], a spherical bulging of the cornea; hydrophthalmia (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1887); keratoˈhyalin(e Biochem. [ad. G. keratohyalin (W. Waldeyer in Beiträge zur Anat. und Embryol. als Festgabe Jacob Henle (1882) 149], the substance which makes up the granules in the granular layer of the epidermis; ˌkerato-iˈritis Path. [iritis], combined inflammation of the iris and cornea; interstitial keratitis; keraˈtoma Path. [-oma], a hard patch of thickened epidermis, due either to hypertrophy of the horny layer or to friction or pressure; a callus; keratomaˈlacia Path. [malacia], a disorder in which the cornea becomes soft and opaque, associated with vitamin A deficiency; keraˈtometer Ophthalm., an instrument for measuring the radii of curvature of the front surface of the cornea by observing images reflected in it; an ophthalmometer; so keratoˈmetric a., obtained by using a keratometer; keraˈtometry, measurement of the radii of curvature of the cornea; ˌkeratomyˈcosis Path., fungal infection of the cornea; keratoˈnyxis Surg. [Gr. νύξις pricking], a method of operating for cataract; keraˈtopathy Ophthalm. [-pathy], any of various disorders of the cornea; † ˈkeratophyte Zool. [Gr. ϕυτόν plant], a coral polyp with a horny axis; keratoˈplastic a., promoting keratinization, and hence restoration, of the epidermis; keratoˈplasty Surg. [ad. G. keratoplastik (F. Reisinger 1824, in Baiersche Ann. f. Abhandl., etc., aus d. Gebiete d. Chir., etc. I. 215), f. Gr. πλάσσειν to form], artificial restoration of the cornea (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ˈkeratoscope [ad. Sp. keratoscopio (Placido 1880, in Periódico de Oftalm. Prát. Sept.–Nov. 44)], an instrument for inspecting the cornea; so keraˈtoscopy [ad. F. kératoscopie (Cuignet 1873, in Rec. d'Ophthalm. I. 14)], inspection of the cornea; keraˈtosis (pl. -oses) Path. [-osis], (a) any of various disorders characterized by circumscribed hyperkeratosis; (b) a keratotic lesion; hence keraˈtotic a., of or pertaining to keratosis; ˈkeratotome Surg. [Gr. -τόµος cutting], a knife with triangular blade used for making incisions in the cornea (Mayne Expos. Lex. 1855); keraˈtotomy Surg., incision of the cornea.
1887Syd. Soc. Lex., *Keratectasia. 1904L. W. Fox Dis. Eye vi. 172 Keratectasia. The term applied to the undue protrusion of an opaque cornea as the result of some inflammatory condition. 1918J. H. Parsons Dis. Eye (ed. 3) xi. 198 As the cicatrix becomes consolidated the bulging may disappear, or it may remain permanently as an ectatic cicatrix (keratectasia from ulcer). 1972Biol. Abstr. LIV. 6213/2 Differential diagnosis is discussed for keratoconus, keratectasia,..and corneal transplant marginal degeneration.
1871W. S. Watson in Lancet 8 July, On a new operation ‘*Keratectomy’.
1907J. H. Parsons Dis. Eye xiii. 301 The *keratic precipitates..consist of leucocytes which are deposited from the aqueous upon the back of the cornea and stick there. 1955P. D. Trevor-Roper Ophthalm. xxiii. 415 The endothelial cells become distended and tacky, so that any corpuscles that have been exuded into the aqueous from the iris and ciliary vessels are liable to adhere, forming keratic precipitates.
1950A. Rook in Proc. R. Soc. Med. XLIII. 839 MacCormac and Scarff (1936, Brit. J. Derm., 48, 624), in the first published account of the condition, proposed to name it molluscum sebaceum, but as this term has been employed as synonymous with molluscum contagiosum, we prefer the name *kerato-acanthoma which was suggested some years ago by Dr. Freudenthal. 1950Q. Cumulative Index Medicus XLVIII. 1201/2 Kerato-acanthoma (molluscum sebaceum). 1952Brit. Jrnl. Dermatol. LXIV. 425, I wonder if Dr. Ferguson Smith's cases of multiple self-healing epitheliomata..are really very different from these kerato-acanthomata. 1954Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 5 June 562/2 Keratoacanthoma enlarges rapidly to maximum size (1 to 2 cm.) in four to eight weeks. 1972Cancer XXIX. 1387 Histopathologic study of 108 keratoacanthomas and 14 squamous cell carcinomas failed to reveal any consistent single feature allowing for their distinction.
1941Amer. Jrnl. Ophthalm. XXIV. 900 (heading) *Kerato⁓conjunctival lesions observed at high altitudes in Bolivia. 1965Biol. Abstr. XLVI. 4694/1 Diagnostic value of the keratoconjunctival test in dysentery.
1887Syd. Soc. Lex., *Keratoconjunctivitis. 1892Arch. Ophthalm. XXI. 445 On kerato-conjunctivitis of rhino-pharyngeal origin. 1954S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 12) xxxiii. 554 Kerato-conjunctivitis sicca (Sjögren's syndrome), a general systemic disturbance of unknown origin usually occurring in women after the menopause.., is characterized by deficiency of the lacrimal secretion leading to dryness of the eyes. 1960Jrnl. Infectious Dis. CVI. 162/1 Keratoconjunctivitis in sheep of an infectious character is prevalent in many sheep-breeding districts in Norway. 1972Biol. Abstr. LIV. 325/2 An outbreak suspected to be infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in Zebu cattle was reported in Khartoum, Sudan.
1859Dixon Dis. Eye (ed. 2) 85 Conical Cornea..has also received various other names, as Hyperkeratosis,..*Keratoconus, &c. 1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 511 Imperfect optical iridectomy by Mr. Carter's method..for Keratoconus.
1933Arch. Dermatol. & Syphilol. XXVII. 87 In man a diffuse *keratoderma is the result of a different mutation than that causing papular keratoderma. 1967H. Montgomery Dermatopath. I. v. 68/2 Recently a 34-year-old woman was seen who had had diffuse keratoderma of the palms and soles all of her life. 1972C. B. S. Schofield Sexually Transmitted Dis. xvi. 183 Skin lesions..are found in about 10 per cent of patients with Reiter's disease... These fully developed lesions are known as keratoderma blenorrhagica, and histologically are indistinguishable from pustular psoriasis.
1902H. W. Stelwagon Treat. Dis. Skin iv. 502 Besnier divides the cases into four classes:..(2) the symmetric *keratodermia developing in childhood, of an erythematous and irritable character..; (3) symmetric keratodermia, especially of the feet, developing primarily in isolate foci..; (4) accidental keratodermias. 1970Dermatologica CXLI. 321 Localized congenital erythrokeratodermias are a separate entity of keratodermias among erythrodermias and hyperkeratoses.
1923*Keratogenic [see encephalitogenic a.]. 1959Science 26 June 1744/2 The presence of CO2 at concentrations higher than atmospheric concentrations restricts the ability of the chorion to undergo keratogenic changes. 1971Dermatologica CXLII. 14 The follicular-keratogenic properties of several fatty acids were investigated.
1887Syd. Soc. Lex., *Keratogenous. 1907Practitioner Dec. 849 The keratogenous and analgesic properties of picric acid, as exhibited in the treatment of burns. 1951Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. LIII. 474 In the hair, the fibrils..are most pronounced in the keratogenous zone. 1962Jrnl. Investigative Dermatol. XXXVIII. 237/1 Keratohyalin granules occur in abundance in epidermal cells located next to the keratogenous zone.
1887Syd. Soc. Lex., *Keratohyaline. 1889Brit. Jrnl. Dermatol. I. 235 Waldeyer held that they [sc. granules] were composed of a solid hyalin-like substance, which he called Keratohyalin. 1937E. Wolff Dis. Eye i. 13 In the cells of the deeper layers are found numerous granules of keratohyaline. 1972Biochim. & Biophys. Acta CCLXI. 416 The three most common amino acid residues in the keratohyalin material..are glutamic acid, glycine and alanine.
1842Dunglison Med. Lex. (ed. 3) *Kerato-iritis, Aquo-Membranitis. 1879P. Smith Glaucoma 23, I believe the disease first becomes a ‘kerato-iritis’.
1887Syd. Soc. Lex., *Keratoma. 1902H. W. Stelwagon Treat. Dis. Skin iv. 498 Callositas. Synonyms—Tyloma; Tylosis; Keratoma; Callus. 1931L. McCarthy Histopath. Skin Dis. ix. 438 Keratoma senilis is one of the factors that make up the clinical condition known as old-age atrophy of the skin. 1972Biol. Abstr. LIV. 374/1 (heading) A case of senile keratoma on the eyelid.
1876Dunglison Dict. Med. Sci. (rev. ed.) 565/1 *Keratomalacia. 1886C. M. Culver tr. Landolt's Refraction & Accommodation of Eye v. 413 Certain affections of the cornea, as keratomalacia, or central corneal ulcers, may bring about a notable flattening of this membrane. 1920Biochem. Jrnl. XIV. 519 The histological and bacteriological evidence shows that keratomalacia among rats consists in a breakdown of the corneal tissue, caused by bacterial invasion. 1969New Scientist 30 Jan. 227/1 Keratomalacia, scurvy and beriberi are also frequent aftermaths of infection in people living on diets deficient in vitamin A, ascorbic acid, and thiamine respectively.
1886C. M. Culver tr. Landolt's Refraction & Accommodation of Eye iv. 330 Javal and Schiötz have adapted a similar disc to their *keratometer. 1927Amer. Jrnl. Ophthalm. X. 683/2 In the measurement of irregular astigmatism in the center of the cornea, the keratometer is usually extremely valuable. 1972Stone & Phillips Contact Lenses iv. 105 Since the optic radii of a contact lens are similar to those of the cornea, a keratometer may be used to check them.
1885Arch. Ophthalm. XIV. 175 The hyperbolic lenses..can be manufactured to order to suit each particular case from data furnished by the *keratometric measurements. 1927Amer. Jrnl. Ophthalm. X. 678/1 The accuracy of a keratometric record..depends primarily on having a good modern instrument. 1973W. G. Sampson in Symposium Contact Lenses (New Orleans Acad. Ophthalm.) ii. 22 Javal's rule was used in the past to estimate the predicted spectacle cylinder from keratometric measurements.
1891Ophthalmic Rev. X. 250 (heading) Contributions to *keratometry. 1972Stone & Phillips Contact Lenses iv. 105 The central radius is determined by ‘classical’ keratometry.
1883Ophthalmic Rev. II. 369 (heading) *Keratomycosis. 1951H. L. Birge in A. Sorsby Syst. Ophthalm. ix. 305 Keratomycosis (moniliasis) is rarely seen in the cold climates, and usually follows some sort of trauma to the eye with an earthy substance. 1971Amer. Jrnl. Ophthalm. LXXI. 1191/2 A fifth case of keratomycosis due to Allescheria boydii is reported.
1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 172 The anterior operation, invented by Buchorn, or rather by Conradé, has been named *Keratonyxis. 1874Lawson Dis. Eye 127 Operation by Solution—Keratonyxis—consists in breaking-up with a fine needle the central portion of the capsule of the lens.
1948D. G. Cogan et al. in Arch. Ophthalm. XL. 625 The corneal changes are those generally called band keratitis, but, for obvious reasons, are more properly designated as band *keratopathy. 1958Circulation XVIII. 524/2 Lipid keratopathy..consists clinically of a fatty plaque in an area of the cornea that has been previously vascularized. 1972H. M. Leibowitz in Gasset & Kaufman Soft Contact Lenses xxv. 202 Hydrophilic contact lenses have been found to be extremely useful in the therapy of bullous keratopathy.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. VIII. 197 Coralines,..sponges, astroites, and *keratophytes.
1887Syd. Soc. Lex., *Keratoplastic. 1907W. A. Pusey Princ. & Pract. Dermatol. i. 126 The keratoplastic action that is noted from the application of various powders upon raw epithelial surfaces may be due partly to their drying action. 1951A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics xxv. 522 Chrysarobin is used in skin diseases, especially in psoriasis... In a strength of 10 to 20 per cent it has a keratolytic action while in more dilute form (5 per cent) it exercises a keratoplastic action.
1857Dunglison Dict. Med. Sci. (rev. ed.) 518/1 *Keratoplasty. 1888Arch. Ophthalm. XVII. 524 In making his experiments on keratoplasty Wagenmann..first took flaps from the cornea of rabbits which were left in partial communication with it. 1939E. B. Spaeth Princ. & Pract. Ophthalmic Surg. xvi. 489 Circumscribed or partial penetrating keratoplasty has offered up to the present day the best permanent results. 1948Sci. News VIII. 31 This problem has been resolved by keratoplasty, or corneal transplantation. 1972Arch. Ophthalm. LXXXVII. 538/1 Corneas more than 50 hours old and from elderly donors are dependable for use in penetrating keratoplasties.
1886C. M. Culver tr. Landolt's Refraction & Accommodation of Eye iv. 329 This author [sc. Placido] uses, as a ‘*keratoscope’, a disc of card-board, wood or zinc, 23 centimetres in diameter. On one side is drawn a series of concentric circles, alternately black and white. 1910H. C. Parker Handbk. Dis. Eye 81 The cone is observed by inspection..with an instrument known as the keratoscope. 1972Jrnl. Optical Soc. Amer. LXII. 169/1 In a conventional keratoscope, light from a flat or curved target subtending about 150° at the eye is specularly reflected by the anterior surface of the cornea.
1882C. Macnamara Man. Dis. Eye (ed. 4) ii. 40 *Keratoscopy may assist us in forming a diagnosis. 1902E. H. Lendon Method of Cuignet 5 The word ‘Keratoscopy’ has now come..to be equivalent to ‘Shadow Test’. 1972Feldman & Carney in Gasset & Kaufman Soft Contact Lenses xxxiii. 269 By using photoelectric keratoscopy and lenses designed by computer to fit the measured eye, we were able to resolve these problems.
1885Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. I. 419/2 (heading) Laminated epithelial plugs (*Keratosis obturans, Wreden, Burnett). 1888Trans. Path. Soc. London XXXIX. 357 That the keratoses were in their turn due to arsenic no one will, I think, doubt. 1939Arch. Dermatol. & Syphilol. XXXIX. 235 A unique case of tumor-like keratoses developing on the dorsum of the hands after severe sunburn is reported. 1966Wright & Symmers Systemic Path. II. xxiv. 1487/2 The type of keratosis that is caused by arsenic has a microscopical picture much less complex than that of senile and solar keratosis. 1972Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 26 Jan. 2/1 These brown spots..can be generally called senile keratoses, although they are not all of the same type.
1934Brit. Jrnl. Dermatol. XLVI. 162 *Keratotic lesions..were observed with this distribution in nine of the ten cases. 1972Arch. Dermatol. CV. 249/3 An 18-year-old daughter of the patient..began developing firm keratotic papules on her thighs at the age of 13. 1972C. B. S. Schofield Sexually Transmitted Dis. xvi. 183 The lesions tend.., if dry, to develop keratotic crusts.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 79 Boeckmann and Kaurin have found *Keratotomy sometimes of use in saving a cornea from a growth [of leprosy] encroaching from the sclerotic. |