| 释义 |
▪ I. kind, n.|kaɪnd|
Forms: [1 ᵹecynde, ᵹecynd, 2–3 i-cunde, i-kunde, (2 i-chinde);] 1 cynd, 2–4 cunde, 2 cuinde, 3 kuinde, kund, 3–4 kuynde, kunde, 3–5 kende, (5 keende), 3–6 kynd, 3–7 kinde, 4–7 kynde, (5 kyynde), 3– kind.
[OE. ᵹecynde n., ᵹecynd fem. and n., f. ᵹe- (see i-, y-) + *cynd(e:—*kundi-z, f. the root kun- (see kin1) + -di-, Aryan -ti-. OE. instances of cynd are doubtful, but the prefix disappeared early in ME., 1150–1250.
The only cognate n. out of Eng. is a doubtful OS. gicund (suggested in Hel. 2476). But the adj. ending, Goth. -kunds, OS. -cund, OHG. -chund, -kund = OE. -cund ‘of the nature of’, is found in the other langs.]
I. Abstract senses.
†1.
a. Birth, origin, descent. Obs.
a1000Hymns ix. 52 (Gr.) Þurh clæne ᵹecynd þu eart cyning on riht. c1200Ormin 7133 An child..þatt shall ben þiss Iudisskenn king All þurrh rihht aþell kinde. c1386Chaucer Melib. ⁋ 601 A free man by kynde or by [v.r. of] burthe. c141512 Art. Faith (MS. Soc. Antiq.), Iesu Christ his owne son through kind. c1425Wyntoun Cron. ix. xxvi. 41. 2751 His aire, that of kynd wes kyng. c1463G. Ashby Dicta Philos. 122 That they be free, nat bonde in kynde. 1649Milton Eikon. xxviii. 238 His Grand-mother Mary, Queen of Scots,..from whom he seems to have learnt, as it were by heart, or els by kind,..his words and speeches heer.
†b. Hence, through the phrases through, by, of kind: Right of birth, right or position derived from birth, inherited right. Obs.
c1205Lay. 25043 Heo..nu axeð mid icunde [c 1275 þorh cunde] gauel of þissen londe. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2231 Þer nis no mon þat kunde abbe þer to. Ibid. 6664 He adde somdel to engelond More kunde þan þe oþer. Ibid. 7276 Wo so were next king bi kunde, me clupede him aþeling.
†2.
a. The station, place, or property belonging to one by birth; one's native place or position; that to which one has a natural right; birthright, heritage. Obs.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxv, Seo sunne..secð hire ᵹecynde, & stiᵹð..ufor & ufor oððe hio cymð swa up swa hire yfemest ᵹecynde bið [cf. quot. Boeth. Metr. s.v. kind a. 1 c]. a1100O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1086 Normandiᵹe þet land wæs his ᵹecynde. c1205Lay. 16279 Þat ich mote..biȝite mine ikunde [c 1275 cunde]. Ibid. 21492 Cador cuðe þene wæi þe toward his cunde læi. 1340Ayenb. 37 Þe children..þet hi heþ be spousbreche, berþ away þe kende.
†b. That which naturally belongs to or befits one. Obs.
c1470Henry Wallace i. 217 Ane Ersche mantill it war thi kynd to wer. a1670Spalding Troub. Chas. I (Spald. Cl.) I. 199 Thay took ane of the tounes cullouris of Abirdein, and gave it to the toune of Abirbrothokis soldiours..quhilk wes not thair kynd to cary.
3. a. The character or quality derived from birth or native constitution; natural disposition, nature. (Common down to c 1600; in later use rare, and blending with sense 4.)
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxiv. §11 Þa stanas..sint stillre ᵹecynde & heardre. Ibid. xxxv. §4 ᵹif hio hire cynd [Bodl. MS. ᵹecynd] healdan wille. c1175Lamb. Hom. 51 Þis fis is of swulc cunde, þet [etc.]. c1200Ormin 2675 Marȝess child wass mann & Godd, An had i twinne kinde. a1225Ancr. R. 120 He uorleoseð monnes kunde, &..uorschuppeð him into bestes kunde. c1250Gen. & Ex. 189 And euerilc on in kinde good, Ðor quiles adam fro sinne stod. a1300Cursor M. 8452 Þe kind o thinges lerd he, Bath o tres, and gress fele. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 131 In Crist beeþ tweie willes and tweie kyndes of þe Godhede and manhede. c1491Chast. Goddes Chyld. 12 In some men the bodely kynde is feblid by a soden heuynes. a1547Surrey On Lady refusing to dance in Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 219 My kinde is to desire the honoure of the field. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. ii. 36 But young Perissa was of other mynd..And quite contrary to her sisters kynd. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. ii. 326 Sweet Grapes degen'rate there, and Fruits..renounce their Kind. 1784Cowper Tiroc. 6 Th' associate of a mind Vast in its pow'rs, ethereal in its kind. 1857Buckle Civiliz. I. viii. 524 For as to the men themselves, they merely acted after their kind.
†b. of his (own) kind: by its (own) nature, of itself, naturally. Obs. rare.
1399Langl. Rich. Redeles iii. 19 Þis beste, of his kinde, Secheth and sercheth þo schrewed wormes. 1530Rastell Bk. Purgat. ii. x, The soule shall..perceyve of hys owne kynde. 1578Lyte Dodoens ii. lx. 227 Hyssope groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey. 1610Shakes. Temp. ii. i. 163 Nature should bring forth, Of it owne kinde, all foyzon.
†c. to do (or work) one's kind: To act according to one's nature; to do what is natural to one; spec. to perform the sexual function. Obs.
c1230Hali Meid. 25 Leasse þen beastes ȝet, for þeos doð hare cunde..in a time of þe ȝer. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6576 Þat water dude uorþ is kunde & was euere uaste. Ibid. 8353 Mid wimmen of painime hii dude hor foule kunde. c1430Hymns Virg. 83 Þe kinde of childhode y dide also, Wiþ my felawis to fiȝte and þrete. 1554–9Songs & Ball. (1860) 1 Fortune worketh but her kynde, To make the joyfull dolorus. a1612Harington Salerne's Regim. (1634) 36 The stones of young beasts that be not able to doe their kinde. 1647Crashaw Poems 184 Let froward dust then do its kind.
†d. to grow (also go, swerve, etc.) out of kind: To lose the character appropriate to one's birth and family; to degenerate. Obs.
a1547Surrey æneid ii. 714 Neoptolem is swarved out of kind. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Heb. 20 Neither dyd Ioseph growe out of kynde, & become vnlike his auncestours in faith. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 100 So garden with orchard and hopyard..That want the like benefit, growe out of kinde. 1587Golding De Mornay xvi. 254 God created man to be to him as a child, and man is growne out of kinde.
†4.
a. Nature in general, or in the abstract, regarded as the established order or regular course of things (rerum natura). Rarely with the. Freq. in phr. law or course of kind. Obs. (exc. as conscious archaism.)
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xiv. §1 On swiðe lytlon hiera hæfð seo ᵹecynd ᵹenoᵹ. Ibid. xvi. §3 Seo ᵹecynd hit onscunað þæt [etc.]. c1230Hali Meid. 45 Ichulle halde me hal þurh þe grace of godd, as cunde me makede. a1300Cursor M. 28491 Ic..haf i broken..þe lagh o kynd thoru licheri. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 335 Kynde bryngeþ hem [barnacle-geese] forþ wonderliche out of trees, as it were kynde worchynge aȝenst kynde. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxxii. 144 Many..diez for pure elde withouten sekeness, when þe kynde failez. a1412Lydg. Two Merch. 75 So strong of nature is the myhty corde. Kynde is in werkyng a ful myhty lorde. 1583T. Watson Centurie of Loue lxxviii, Venus..will have it so That Louers wanting sight shall followe kinde. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. i. iii. 86. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. Contents, God holds us by laws of kind as we do others by those of right. Ibid. 124 Those bounds that Dame Kind before had pitcht upon. 1868Morris Earthly Par. I. 90 O ye who sought to find Unending life against the law of Kind.
†b. Phrases. by (by way of), of, through, (rarely in) kind, by nature, naturally; against or out of kind, contrary to, or in violation of, nature.
In these phrases the distinction between 3 and 4 tends to fade away.
a1000Boeth. Metr. xiii. 17 Þara micles to feola..winð wið ᵹecynde. a1000Hymns vii. 24 (Gr.) Þin weorc..þurh ᵹecynd clypiað and crist heriað. a1121O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1107 Maneᵹe sædon þet hi on þam monan..tacna ᵹesawon, & onᵹean cynde his leoman wexende & waniende. c1200Ormin 2320 All swa maȝȝ Godd don þe full wel To childenn gæness kinde. a1225Leg. Kath. 297 Engles & sawlen, þurh þet ha bigunnen, Ahten..endin þurh cunde. a1300Cursor M. 2889 Oute of kind þe sin was don. c1384Chaucer H. Fame ii. 241 Every Ryver to the see Enclyned ys to goo by kynde. c1386― Frankl. T. 40 Wommen of kynde desiren libertee. 1493Festivall (1515) 66 b, At mydnyghte our lorde was borne, for by kynde all thynge was in peas and rest. 1575Gamm. Gurton in Hazl. Dodsley III. 210 She is given to it of kind. 1658J. Jones Ovid's Ibis 55 When bloud toucheth bloud in this kind, it is abominable out of kind. 1714Gay Sheph. Week Thursday 37 Last Valentine, the day when birds of kind Their paramours with mutual chirpings find. 1792Burns She's Fair & Fause ii, Nae ferlie tis tho' fickle she prove, A woman has't by kind.
†5.
a. Natural state, form, or condition. Obs.
a1000Boeth. Metr. xxviii. 62 Sona ᵹecerreð ismere..on his aᵹen ᵹecynd, weorðeð to wætere. a1340Hampole Psalter cxviii. 70 Mylk in þe kynd is fayre & clere, bot in lopirynge it waxis soure. a1380St. Ambrose 538 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 16 His face..lyk to snouh hit wox al whit, But aftur to his oune kynde [L. ad suam speciem] turned hit. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) iv. 12 Þan sall scho turne agayne to hir awen kynde [F. estat] and be a woman [cf. 14 in to hir riȝt schappe, F. fourme].
†b. in kind, in proper or good condition; out of kind, out of order, in bad condition. Obs.
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iii. 247 Thi kyngdom þorw here couetyse wol out of kynde wende. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 2 Of a wounde bollid and out of kynde. 1602Carew Cornwall 31 The countrie people long retained a conceit, that in summer time they weare out of kind. 1623Cockeram iii. s.v. Isæan Riuer, Salmon, which is euer in kind all times of the yeare.
†6. A natural quality, property, or characteristic.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxiii. §5 Vðwitan secᵹað þæt hio [sio sawul] hæbbe þrio ᵹecynd... Twa þara ᵹecynda habbað netenu swa same swa men. c1220Bestiary 15 An oðer kinde he haueð, wan he is ikindled Stille lið ðe leun. a1225Ancr. R. 126 Þe pellican..haueð anoðer cunde: þet is, þet hit is euer leane. c1340Hampole Prose Tr. 8 The bee has thre kyndis. Ane es that scho es neuer ydill. c1400Mandeville (1839) xxx. 302 And thei han this kynde [F. nature] that thei lete nothing ben empty among hem.
†7.
a. Gender; sex; = kin1 7. (L. genus.) Obs.
a1000Phœnix 356 God ana wat..hu his ᵹecynde byð, wifhades þe weres. a1380Virgin Antioch 387 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 32 In to wyn Crist torned þe watur, And nou he leueþ not beohynde For to chaunge monnes kynde [L. sexum]. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 339 As adiectif and substantyf vnite asken, Acordaunce in kynde, in cas and in numbre. 1551Robinson tr. More's Utopia ii. ix. (1895) 293 All they which be of the male kind..sitte before the goodman of ye house, and they of the female kynde before the goodwyfe.
1584Cogan Haven Health (1636) 136 b, The opinion which some hold, that every hare should bee of both kindes, that is, male and female. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. ii. 4 To aske..what inquest Made her dissemble her disguised kind.
†b. The sexual organs. (L. natura.) Obs. rare.
c1000ælfric Gen. ix. 23 Sem and Iafeth..beheledon heora fæderes ᵹecynd [cf. 22 ᵹesceapu]. a1325Life Adam 110 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 140 Aiþer of oþer aschamed was And hiled her kinde wiþ more and gras.
†c. The semen. Obs. rare.
a1450Myrc 1046 Take also wel in mynde, Ȝef þou haue sched þyn owne kynde Slepynge or wakynge. 1552Huloet, Kynde naturall of euerye thynge, semen.
8. a. The manner or way natural or proper to any one; hence, mode of action; manner, way, fashion. Freq. in phr. in any, no, some, that, this kind; in a kind, in a way. Common in 17th c.; now arch.
a900O.E. Martyrol. 25 Dec. 2 Þy ᵹeare maniᵹ seah..lamb spæcan on mennisc ᵹecynde. a1000Salomon & Sat. 499 Swa ðonne feohteð se feond on feower ᵹecynd. a1330Roland & V. 310 Braunches of vines Charls sett, In marche moneþ..As was þe riȝt kende. c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 904 (855) Þis þyng stant al in a noþer kynde. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour xxi. L iij, An ordenaunce of a moche sauage and wyld guyse and ageynst the kynde of the tyme. c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) iii. 4 Cast ȝow to conqueiss luve ane vþir kind. 1593Drayton Eclogues x. 71 The Birds and Beasts yet in their simple Kinde Lament for me. 1631Gouge God's Arrows iii. §75. 325 Such was Deborahs and Baraks kind of praising God. 1646Evance Noble Ord. 29 The worke..tended in a kinde to Gods honour. 1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 31 Being in no kind desirous that his Majesty should be under any Obligation. 1709Steele Tatler No. 47 ⁋3, I have done Wonders in this Kind. 1766Fordyce Serm. Yng. Wom. Pref., Nothing in the kind..having been endeavoured before. 1803–6Wordsw. Intimations vi, Yearnings she hath in her own natural kind. 1859Tennyson Elaine 321 Mirthful he, but in a stately kind.
b. the worst kind used advb. = severely, extremely, very badly. U.S. colloq. ? Obs.
1839Marryat Diary Amer. II. 227 he loves Sal, the worst kind. 1877Bartlett Dict. Amer. (ed. 4) Worst Kind. Used in such phrases as..‘I licked him the worst kind’, i.e., in the worst manner possible, most severely. 1892Harper's Mag. Feb. 437/2, I want something to read the worst kind. 1901M. E. Ryan That Girl Montana xvii. 221 Now that you have got here, I'd hate the worst kind to lose you. 1904N.Y. Tribune 26 June, ‘So you want to go to Cuba, do you?’.. ‘I do, worst kind.’
9. Character as determining the class to which a thing belongs (cf. sense 13); generic or specific nature or quality; esp. in phr. in kind (rendering L. in genere or in specie), used with reference to agreement or difference between things, and freq. contrasted with in degree.
1628Ford Lover's Mel. iii. iii, Pray, my lord, [Gives the paper-plot] Hold and observe the plot; 'tis there express'd In kind, what shall be now express'd in action. 1663Butler Hud. i. iii. 1279 Though they do agree in kind, Specifick difference we find. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. ii. iii. (1848) 104 'Tis all one..whether our Afflictions be the same with those of others, in Kind, or not Superiour to them in Degree. 1827Pollock Course T. viii, All faith was one: in object, not in kind, The difference lay. 1868Nettleship Browning iii. 105 There are such wide differences in degree as to constitute almost differences in kind.
II. A class, group, or division of things.
In this branch the senses of kind originally ran closely parallel with those of kin; but later usage has so differentiated the words that there is now very little overlapping.
10. a. A race, or a natural group of animals or plants having a common origin; = kin1 5. Cf. mankind, etc.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxv. §4 Nis nan ᵹecynd þe wið hire scippendes willan winne buton dysiᵹ mon. 971Blickl. Hom. 37 Ne forseoh þu næfre þine ᵹecynd. a1000Elene 735 Ne mæᵹ þær manna ᵹecynd of eorðweᵹum up ᵹeferan. a1300Cursor M. 14909 (Gött.) Þat he for manes [Cott. mans] kind wil dei. 13..Leg. Rood 145 Til God þat dyed for vch a kuynde For Monnes kuynde deyde. c1400Destr. Troy 4300 Goddes son of heuyn..come to our kynde throgh a cleane Maydon. a1577Sir T. Smith Commw. Eng. (1633) 25 Without this society of man and woman the kind of man could not long endure. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 1018 Till mutual overthrow of mortal kind. 1610― Temp. v. i. 23 My selfe, one of their kinde. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 73 As when the total kind Of Birds..Came summond over Eden. 1697Dryden Virg. Geog. i. 95 Whence Men, a hard laborious Kind were born. 1726G. Roberts 4 Yrs. Voy. 153 They would sooner starve than eat any Thing that lived upon human Kind. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. 239 The Rabbit kind. 1784Cowper Task v. 69 The sparrows..often scared As oft return, a pert voracious kind. 1816Byron Ch. Har. iii. xxxi, Each..a ghastly gap did make In his own kind and kindred. 1876Morris Sigurd iii. 212 The cunning of the Dwarf-kind.
b. Used in poetry, with defining word, in the general sense of ‘race’.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. xi. 282 Poule þe apostil þat no pite ne hadde, Cristene kynde to kille to deþe. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, ii. i. 80 Fetch forth the Lazar Kite of Cressids kinde. 1735Somerville Chase iii. 309 Thus Man innum'rous Engines forms, t' assail The savage Kind. 1739Collins Ep. Hanmer 138 Poets ever were a careless kind. 1847Emerson Poems (1857) 207 The men are ripe of Saxon kind To build an equal state.
†c. A class (of human beings or animals) of the same sex; a sex (in collective sense). Obs.
1552Huloet s.v., Sexus fœmineus, womankinde, or the female kynde. 1564tr. Jewel's Apol. Ded., J.'s Wks. (Parker Soc.) 51 Besides the honour ye have done to the kind of women..ye have done pleasure to the author of the Latin work. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 332 Far from the Charms of that alluring Kind. 1735Pope Ep. Lady 207 In Men, we various Ruling Passions find; In Women, two almost divide the kind.
†11.
a. A subdivision of a race of the same descent; a family, clan, tribe, etc. Also (with possessive pron.), One's family, clan, kin, or kinsfolk. = kin1 1, kindred 2. Obs.
c1205Lay. 23176 King heo wolden habben of seoluen heore cunden. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3434 King he was of westsex, & is ofspring al so, & atte laste þulke kunde alle þe oþere wan þer to. 13..Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 249 At þe grete day of dome..þei schul sitte on twelf seges wel And Iugge þe twelf kuyndes of Israel. 1513Douglas æneis xii. xiii. 111 The kynd of men discend from thir Troianis, Mydlyt with kyn of the Italianis. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 76 The affectione that ilk had to his awne kinde. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 433 The Parent Wind, Without the Stallion, propagates the Kind.
†b. Offspring, brood, progeny; descendants; = kin1 1 b, kindred 2 b. Obs.
c1000Narrat. Angl. Conscript. (Cockayne) 35 Hyra ᵹecynda on weorold bringaþ. c1250Gen. & Ex. 650 And or he was on werlde led, His kinde was wel wide spred. a1300Cursor M. 14864 Vr crist suld be born o bethleem, o dauid kind. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xix. 224 A book of þe olde lawe, Þat a-corsed alle couples þat no kynde forth brouhte. c1460Towneley Myst. vi. 21, I shall thi seede multyply,..The kynd of the shall sprede wide. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Acts xvii. 28 Of his kinde also we are.
†c. A generation; = kin1 1 c, kindred 2 c. Obs. rare.
a1325Prose Psalter lxxxviii[i]. 2 Y shal tellen þy soþe⁓nesses in my mouþe fro kynde to kynde. 1526Tindale Luke xvi. 8 The chyldren of this worlde are in their kynde, wyser then the chyldren of light [so Geneva 1557].
†d. Descent, genealogy; = kin1 1 d, kindred 2 d. Obs. rare.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 363 Þys þe kynde, fro gre til gre, Bytwyxten Eneas & Noe.
12. The family, ancestral race, or stock from which one springs; = kin1 2, kindred 3. arch.
a1300Cursor M. 10161 Sir Ioachim o kinges kind Was commin. c1330Amis & Amil. 8 Here faders were barouns hende, Lordynges y-come of grete kende. c1386Chaucer Sec. Nun's T. 121 Cecilie..Was comen of Romayns and of noble kynde. 1608Shakes. Per. v. i. 68 [If she] came of a gentle kind and noble stock. 1724Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 114 My Cromie is a useful cow And she is come of a good kyne. 1816Scott Antiq. xl, The oyster loves the dredging sang, For they come of a gentle kind. 1854–6Patmore Angel in Ho. ii. ii. (1866) 244 Good families are so, Less through their coming of good kind, Than [etc.].
13. a. A class of individuals or objects distinguished by attributes possessed in common; a genus or species; also, in vaguer sense: A sort, variety, or description. (= L. genus.) Now the chief sense.
something of the kind, something like the thing in question; nothing of the kind, nothing at all like it. of a kind, of some sort, not a typical or perfect specimen of the class.
a1000Guthlac 15 (Gr.) Of wlite wendað wæstma ᵹecyndu. a1300Cursor M. 8040 Bi frut and leef bath moght man see O quatkin kind was ilk[a] tre. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 507 He..heuened vp an auter..& sette a sakerfyse þer-on of vch a ser kynde. c1400Apol. Loll. 90 Þe heþun men had sex kyndis of similacris. c1400Destr. Troy 8746 The tabernacle..was atiryt..with triet stones, Of all kyndes. 1529Supplic. to King (E.E.T.S.) 22 The Apostle Paul..descrybeth two kyndes of doctrynes. 1652Culpepper Eng. Physic. 8 The most usual Kindes of Apples. 1694Acc. Sev. Late Voy. ii. (1711) 79, I saw but this one of the Kind. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. ii. §7 Suppose you saw a fruit of a new untried kind. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 321 Of the bear, there are three different kinds. 1845M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 13 Barbarisms and solecisms of all kinds abound. 1862Trollope Orley F. xiv. 111 There was never anything of the kind before. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xvii. 55 Something of the kind had been done. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 6 Before we can reply with exactness, we must know the kinds of pleasure and the kinds of knowledge. 1895Scot. Antiq. X. 79 They had haversacks of a kind with them, but very little in them.
b. Eccl. In phrase in (under, † with) one kind, both kinds (= med.L. species), referring to each of the elements (bread and wine) used in the sacrament of the Eucharist.
1539Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 14 Whether it be necessary..that al men should be communicate with bothe kindes or no. 1635E. Pagitt Christianogr. i. iii. (1636) 104 They must communicate in both kindes, both of the bread and the wine. a1770Jortin Serm. (1771) V. xiii. 293 The Church of Rome gives the Communion in one kind. 1869Freeman Norm. Conq. III. xi. 16 note, Communion in both kinds was certainly usual at this time. 1880Littledale Plain Reas. xxviii. 76 Christ is received entire under each kind.
c. A literary genre.
1667Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 Pref., Those who write correctly in this kind [sc. quatrains] must needs acknowledge, that the last line of the Stanza is to be consider'd in the composition of the first. 1908H. James Awkward Age Pref. p. xvii, ‘Kinds’ are the very liie of literature, and truth and strength come from the complete recognition of them. 1943J. T. Shipley Dict. World Lit. (1945) 346 Kind, term used esp. in 17th and 18th c. Eng. for genre or class of work, e.g. epic, tragedy. 1966G. Hough Ess. on Crit. xiii. 83 The impetus to the theory of kinds was initially given by Aristotle, who discussed tragedy, comedy and epic as separate genres.
14. a. Kind of. Later usage transposes the syntactical relation in such constructions as all kinds of trees = ‘trees of all kinds’, this kind of thing = ‘a thing of this kind’. For the history of this, see kin1 6 b.
As the original genitive phrase was in attrib. relation to the following n., the natural tendency is still to treat all kind of, no kind of, what kind of, etc. (like ME. alkin, nakin, whatkin), and, hence also, the simple kind of (colloq. kind o', kind a, kinder), as an attrib. or adj. phrase qualifying the n. Hence the uses in b, c, d.
c1470K. Estmere 193 in Percy's Rel., He lett for no kind of thyng. 15..Sir Andrew Barton xxxviii. in Surtees Misc. (1888) 74 They came fore noe kind of thinge, But Sir Andrewe Barton they would see. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VII 3 b, A newe kynde of sicknes came sodenly..into this Isle. a1568R. Ascham Scholem. ii. (Arb.) 157 A grekysh kind of writing. 1583T. Watson Centurie of Loue xcviii, Learne of me, what kinde a thing is Loue. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. iv. 244 Vtterlie abiecteng al kynd of hope of ony helth. c1645Howell Lett. ii. liv, 'Twixt the rind and the Tree there is a Cotton or hempy kind of Moss. 1705Addison Italy Pref., Vast Collections of all Kinds of Antiquities. 1798Ferriar Illustr. Sterne vi. 166 They must be a different kind of people. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop ii, In a secret, stealthy..kind of way. 1857Maurice Ep. St. John ii. 25 See whether this is not the kind of thing that he is telling us in all of them. Mod. Few people have any notion what kind of life many of the poor live.
b. The feeling that kind of was equivalent to an adj. qualifying the following n., led to the use of all, many, other, these, those, and the like, with a plural verb and pronoun, when the n. was plural, as in these kind of men have their use. This is still common colloquially, though considered grammatically incorrect.
(Cf. the ME. use of alkin, manykin, serekin, etc.: see kin. In quot. 1648, other kind is for the earlier other kin.)
1382Wyclif Matt. xiii. 47 A nette sent in to the see, and of alle kynd of fishis gedrynge. 1564Brief Exam. B iv b, It is not lawfull to vse these kinde of vestures. 1586Ld. Burghley in Leycester Corr. (Camden) 360 Fittest to impeche thos kind of havens. 1605Shakes. Lear ii. ii. 107 These kind of Knaues I know. a1648Ld. Herbert Hen. VIII (1683) 543 Because of his Nephew's minority, and other kind reasons. 1672Wilkins Nat. Relig. 378 Of vertues containing in their very essence these kind of inward felicities. 1681T. Flatman Heraclitus Ridens No. 43 (1713) II. 27 Such kind of Pamphlets work Wonders with the credulous Multitude. 1797Holcroft Stolberg's Trav. (ed. 2) III. lxxxii. 323 These kind of barracks..are..more expensive. Mod. What kind of trees are those?
c. a kind of..: A sort of..; a (person or thing) of a kind; an individual that is, or may be, included in the class in question, though not possessing its full characteristics.
A kind of gentleman and a gentleman of a kind differ in that the former expresses approach to the type, admitting failure to reach it, while the latter emphasizes the non-typical position of the individual. Hence, a kind of may be used as a saving qualification, as in ‘a kind of knave’.
1591Shakes. Two Gent. iii. i. 262, I haue the wit to thinke my Master is a kinde of a knaue. 1598― Merry W. i. i. 215 There is as 'twere a tender, a kinde of tender, made a farre-off by Sir Hugh here. 1670Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. i. (1711) 81 Very little Grass, the Woods are so thick; much kind of long sedgy Grass. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. xvi, I..thought myself a kind of a monarch. 1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. (1827) II. ii. 110 Only a kind of huts were built there. 1761Wesley Jrnl. 10 June, One, a kind of gentleman, seemed displeased. 1824Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. (1868) 94 Dash is a sort of a kind of a spaniel. 1832L. Hunt Poems, Pomfret's ‘Choice’, A pretty kind of sort of kind of thing. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. ix. 62 The rock..bent by the pressure so as to form a kind of arch.
d. colloq. kind of (vulgarly kind o', kind a', kinder, etc.) is used adverbially: In a way, as it were, to some extent. Also kind of sort of, kinder sorter (see sort n.2 8 c).
The adverbial use arises out of the adjectival: cf. ‘She was a mother of a kind to me’, ‘She was a kind of mother to me’, ‘she kind o' mothered me’.
1804T. G. Fessenden Orig. Poems 100, I kind of love you, Sal—I vow. 1830Massachusetts Spy 6 Jan. 1/5, I was kind of provoked at the way you came up. 1834C. A. Davis Lett. Jack Downing 90 This kinder corner'd me, and made me a little wrathy. 1849Dickens Dav. Copp. lxiii, ‘Theer's been kiender a blessing fell upon us’, said Mr. Peggotty. 1855T. C. Haliburton Nat. & Hum. Nat. I. vi. 190, I rather kinder sorter guess so, than kinder sorter not so. 1857Holland Bay Path x. 120, I kind a' backed him down, I thought. 1861Lever One of them xvi. 125 This is a kinder droll way to welcome a friend. 1871Alexander Johnny Gibb ix. (1892) 56 He's jist a kin' o' daumer't i' the heid like. 1885Howells Silas Lapham (1891) I. 105 Didn't you like the way his sack-coat set?..kind of peeling away at the lapels? 1889Boldrewood Robbery under Arms xxxi, I kinder expected it. Mod.Sc. It had a kind o' sour taste. 1901F. Norris Octopus i. iii. 102 Makes it go down kind of sort of slick. 1963J. N. Harris Weird World Wes Beattie iii. 28 He was one of these handsome guys with a kind of ugly expression. 1967Boston Sunday Herald Mag. 30 Apr. 34/3, I kind of want to choose my war since it's my life. 1973Washington Post 5 Apr. B.2 Introducing him as ‘my old man’ and adding, ‘We're kind of a middle-aged Sonny and Cher.’
15. in kind (rendering L. in specie: see specie).
a. In the very kind of article or commodity in question; usually payment: In goods or natural produce, as opposed to money.
1622Bacon Hen. VII, Mor. & Hist. Wks. (Bohn, 1860) 426 He did..give the goods of all the prisoners unto those that had taken them; either to take them in kind, or compound for them. 1670Walton Lives ii. 125 His very Food and Raiment were provided for him in kind. 1727Swift To Earl of Oxford, The farmers..Force him to take his tythes in kind. a1862Buckle Civiliz. (1869) III. v. 329 Their revenues were mostly paid, not in money, but in kind, such as corn, wine and cattle.
b. Of repayment: In something of the same kind as that received. Chiefly fig.
1726G. Roberts 4 Yrs. Voy. Ded. A ij, Obligations you have laid me under,..I despair of ever having the Opportunity to return them in Kind. 1819Scott Ivanhoe xli, The best of them are most willing to repay my follies in kind. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. I. iv. 199 These incursions were more than repaid in kind.
III. 16. attrib. and Comb., as † ˈkind-blind a., blind by nature; † ˈkindlike a., of like nature or character; natural; kind payment, payment in kind, or in natural produce instead of coin.
1608Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. iv. Decay 923 Imitating right The *Kinde-blinde Beast [the mole], in russet Velvet dight.
1579J. Stubbes Gaping Gulf B viij b, Shall a French hart be *kindlike enough to rule our Queene? 1823Scott Quentin D. vii, It was but natural and kindlike to help your young kinsman.
1828P. Cunningham N.S. Wales (ed. 3) II. 81 The Bank establishment..will, in all probability, ultimately extirpate even *kind payments in part. 1883G. Culley in Trans. Highland Soc. Agric. Ser. iv. XV. 7 That part of my district in which the kind payment is most developed.
▪ II. kind, a.|kaɪnd|
Forms: 1 ᵹecynde (? cynde), 3 i-cunde, kunde, 3–4 cunde, kuynde; 4–5 kende, 5 keend; 3–6 kynde, 3–7 kinde, 4–6 kynd, 3– kind.
[OE. ᵹecynde (:—OTeut. *gakundjo-z), f. *gakundi-, ᵹecynd nature, kind n.]
I. Natural, native.
†1. Of things, qualities, etc.: Natural, in various senses. Obs.
a. That is, or exists, in accordance with nature or the usual course of things; = kindly a. 1 a.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxix. §10 Þone deað þe eallum monnum is ᵹecynde to þolianne. c1250Gen. & Ex. 78 His firme kinde dei..Of foure and twenti time riȝt; Ðes frenkis men..It nemnen ‘un iur natural’. c1290St. Michael 563 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 315 Bi-tweone somer and wynter..þanne is þe þondre kuynde Inov. c1320Sir Beues (MS. A) 3662 Kende hit is, wimman te be Schamfaste and ful of corteisie. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10610 Of hym more men fynde In farre bokes, als ys kynde, Þan we haue in þys lond. 1579Gosson Ephem. Phialo, It is but kinde for a Cockes heade to breede a Combe.
†b. Implanted by nature; innate; inherent; = kindly a. 1 b. Const. to, for, or dat. Obs.
Beowulf 2696 Ellen cyðan, cræft and cenðu, swa him ᵹecynde wæs. c1000Cædmon's Gen. 2771 (Gr.) Swa him cynde wæron. c1200Ormin 8336 Herode king,..wass ifell mann inoh, & well it wass himm kinde. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. i. 127 ‘Yit haue I no kuynde knowing’ quod I, ‘þou most teche me betere’. c1430Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 198 And how kinde and propir it is to þee,..On hem to haue mercy and pitee. 1522World & Child in Hazl. Dodsley I. 245 All recklessness is kind for thee.
†c. Naturally pertaining to, or associated with, a person or thing; proper, appropriate, fitting; = kindly a. 1 c. In later use const. for. Obs.
a1000Boeth. Metr. xiii. 63 Oð his eft cymeð þær hire yfemesð bið eard ᵹecynde. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5900 Þat child..dude is kunde fulþhede. a1300Cursor M. 9380 Til alkin thing he gafe, Þair kinde scrud al for to haue. c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 768 (740) How sholde a plaunte or lyues creature, Lyue with-oute his kynde noriture? c1400Destr. Troy Prol. 70 A Romayn..That Cornelius was cald to his kynde name. 1540R. Hyrde tr. Vives' Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) X ij, No honest women..but such as be sham⁓lesse, and worthy of kind rebuke. 1663J. Beal Let. in Boyle's Wks. (1772) VI. 357 What hay is kindest for sheep. 1694Westmacott Script. Herb. 9 Cyder is a kind vehicle and proper menstruum for medical matters.
†2.
a. Belonging to one by right of birth, descent, or inheritance; lawful, rightful; = kindly a. 2. Obs.
a1000Daniel 3 ᵹefræᵹn ic Hebreos..cyningdom habban, swa him ᵹecynde wæs. c1205Lay. 18158 Nim þu þene kin-helm; he is þe icunde. c1320Sir Beues (MS. A) 2940 Ȝif ich miȝte wiþ eni ginne Me kende eritage to winne. c1470Henry Wallace x. 1055 And tak the croun; till ws it war kyndar, To bruk for ay, or fals Eduuard it war. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xiii. 130 Ȝe..Baneist his Gud⁓schir from his kynde heritage.
†b. Native (country or language). Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1279 [It] was noȝt is kinde lond. 13..R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7544 (MS. β) In þe world ne is..countrey none Þat he ne holdeþ his kynde speche, bote engelond now one. c1440Eng. Conq. Irel. 7 Man thynkyth no Place so Myrry lyghtly as in his Kynd Place. 1513Douglas æneis v. xiii. 82 As thi kind ground and cuntre naturale.
†3. Of persons. Obs.
a. Lawful, rightful (lord, heir, tenant, etc.). Cf. kindly a. 3.
a1000Boeth. Metr. i. 6 Gotan..hæfdan him ᵹecynde cyningas tweᵹen. a1100O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1014, Him nan leofre hlaford nære þonne heora ᵹecynde hlaford. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6429 Þe kunde eirs to bitraye. c1320Sir Beues (MS. A) 1398 Ariseþ vp..And wolcomeþ ȝour kende lord. c1440Bone Flor. 1259 And crowne Mylys my brodur..For kyndyst heyre ys hee.
†b. Native; = kindly a. 3 b. Also with to. rare. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 851 Many kundemen of þis lond Mid king Leir hulde also. Ibid. 937 þe kunde volc of þe lond adde to hom onde. 1375Barbour Bruce ix. 448 Thai war kynde to the cuntre.
†c. Having a specified character by nature, or a specified status by birth; by birth, natural, born.
c1350Will. Palerne 241 A kowherde, sire, of þis kontrey is my kynde fader. Ibid. 513 Þouȝh he were komen of no ken, but of kende cherls. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop v. v, Suche supposeth to be moche wyse whiche is a kynd and a very foole. 1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 63, I thought no lesse..that you would proue such a kinde kistrell.
†d. Related by kinship; of kin (to); one's own (people). Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8240 Þe sarazins..wende toward antioche, to helpe hor kunde blod. 1387–8T. Usk Test. Love i. vi. (Skeat) I. 49 How turned the Romaine Zeodories fro the Romaines, to be with Haniball ayenst his kind nacion. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1874) I. 285 Than shall he rewarde them in heven right gloriously So mayst thou be callyd unto thy maker kynde.
II. Of good birth, kind, nature or disposition.
(Sense 4 forms the link between I and II. Cf. L. generōsus.)
4.
†a. Well-born, well-bred, of generous or gentle birth, gentle (obs.).
b. Of a good kind; hence, good of its kind, having the natural (good) qualities well developed. Now only dial. Cf. kindly a. 4.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1451 Ysaac he let al his god, For he was bigeten of kinde blod. c1300St. Margarete 2 Ibore heo was in Antioche, icome of cunde blod. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iii. 29 Ne on croked kene þorne kynde fygys wexe. a1400–50Alexander 2459 Þai crosse ouir toward þe kyng, as kyndmen [Dubl. MS. kene men] suld. 1579Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 58 The kindest Mastife, when he is clapped on the back, fighteth best. a1656Hales Gold. Rem. (1688) 218 As Men graff Apples and kind fruits upon Thorns. 1756P. Browne Jamaica 136 It is a hardy and kind pasturage. 1890Gloucester Gloss., Kind, healthy, likely, in perfection, thriving. A kind barley is one that malts well. 1891S. C. Scrivener Our Fields & Cities 143 The cultivation so far having been perfect, the barley crop will be ‘kind’.
5. Of persons: Naturally well-disposed; having a gentle, sympathetic, or benevolent nature; ready to assist, or show consideration for, others; † generous, liberal, courteous (obs.). Also of disposition. (This (with c and d) is now the main sense.)
a1300Cursor M. 20033 Sua kind..ar þou Þat þou nu will mi wil a-lou. c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 796 How gentil and how kynde Ye semed, by youre speche, and youre visage. c1430Syr Tryam. 240 An olde knyght..That curtes was and kynde. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 19 We thank our God baith kynde and liberall. 1610Shakes. Temp. iii. iii. 20 Giue vs kind keepers, heauens. 1681Dryden Sp. Friar Prol. 1 Now, luck for us, and a kind hearty pit. 1732Pope Ep. Cobham i. 110 Who does a kindness, is not there⁓fore kind. 1781Cowper Truth 251 Some mansion..By some kind, hospitable heart possessed. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 424 We have..become, not only a wiser, but also a kinder people.
fig.1576Gascoigne Philomene (Arb.) 98 Could no kinde coale, nor pitties sparke Within thy brest be plaste. 1634Milton Comus 187 Such cooling fruit As the kind hospitable Woods provide. 1676Dryden Aurengz. iii. i. 1502 Your kinder Stars a Nobler Choice have giv'n. 1704Pope Windsor For. 53 In vain kind seasons swell'd the teeming grain. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop i, Night is kinder in this respect than day.
†b. Well or favourably disposed to; bearing good will to. Obs.
1664Chas. II in Cartwright Madame (1894) 175 The Comte de Gramont will give you this, and he will tell you how kind I am to you. 1666Sir J. Talbot Let. in Slingsby's Diary (1836) 369, I hope you are not soe little kind to mee as to censure this freedome I use. 1680–90Temple Ess., Ireland Wks. 1731 I. 125 It is..little to be hoped, that a Breach with Spain should make us any kinder to the War than we were.
c. Exhibiting a friendly or benevolent disposition by one's conduct to a person or animal. Also fig.
c1315Shoreham 90 Ha wole be the so kende, He wole be fo to thyne fon, And frend to thyne frende. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. xi. 243 Þat is, iche cristene man be kynde to oþer, And siþen hem to helpe. 1507Communyc. (W. de W.) B iij, Euer the kynder to me thou arte The more unkynder I am agayne. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. i. 167 Be kinde and curteous to this Gentleman. 1606― Ant. & Cl. iii. ii. 40 The Elements be kind to thee. 1707Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Anne Wortley 2 May, I hope you intend to be kinder to me this summer than you were the last. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. iii. 842 Kind to the poor, and ah! most kind to me. 1840Dickens Barn. Rudge (1849) 96/1 ‘You had as good be kinder to me’..said Hugh. Mod. They were exceedingly kind; they insisted upon our staying till our clothes were dry.
d. Of action, language, etc.: Arising from or displaying a kind disposition.
c1400Destr. Troy 2155 Myche comforth he caght of þaire kynd speche. 1551Crowley Pleas. & Pain 27 You..gaue me wordis curteyse and kynde. 1670Earl of Anglesey in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 15 My sonne is at Newmarket..or else would acknowledge your Ladyship's kind mention of him. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Milton Wks. II. 134 Paradise Lost broke into open view with sufficient security of kind reception. 1846Tennyson in Mem. (1897) 239 Your kind letter gave me very sincere pleasure.
6. Of persons, their actions, etc.: Affectionate, loving, fond; on intimate terms. Also euphemistically. Now rare exc. dial.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 724 Þine sostren ssolleþ abbe al, vor hor herte is so kunde, & þou ssalt vor þin vnkundhede be out of al min munde. c1350Will. Palerne 3474 Wiþ clipping & kessing & alle kinde dedus. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 4 b, If they had ben kynde & louynge to god. 1594Constable Diana viii. i, Women are kind by kind, but coy by fashion. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 110 The next Moon their Women flock to the Sacred Wells; where, they say, it is not difficult to persuade them to be kind. 1704Pope Autumn 52 Do lovers dream, or is my Delia kind? 1735― Ep. Lady 94 A Spark too fickle, or a Spouse too kind. 1825Brockett, Kind, intimate—not kind, at enmity. 1870Tennyson Window 184 Stiles where we stay'd to be kind, Meadows in which we met.
†7. Acceptable, agreeable, pleasant, winsome; = kindly a. 6. Obs.
In early use transl. L. grātus, which in med.L. had the sense of ‘gentle, kind’ as well as its correct sense of ‘pleasing’. In later use passing into fig. use of 5, 5 d.
c1340Cursor M. 6509 (Trin.) Þis moyses was dere & kynde To god. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. xcvii. (Tollem. MS.), This flexe is nouȝt moste stronge, but..þerof is kynde [L. gratissimæ] vestimentes made for prestes. 1703Rowe Ulyss. i. i. 98, I have the kindest Sounds to bless your Ear with. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. 15 Though at a kinder distance.
8. Grateful, thankful. Obs. exc. dial.
c1450tr. De Imitatione ii. x. 54 Be kynde þerfore for a litel þinge, & þou shalt be worþi to take gretter. 1530Palsgr. 316/2 Kynde that remembreth a good torne, grat. 1563Homilies ii. Time of Prayer i. (1859) 339 He should declare himself thankful and kind, for all those benefits. 1610B. Jonson Alch. v. iv, Sob. Why doe you not thanke her Grace? Dap. I cannot speake, for ioy. Sob. See, the kind wretch! 1877N.W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., I'm very kind to Mrs...'cause she sent me them coals i' th' winter.
9. dial. or techn. Soft, tender; easy to work.
1747W. Hooson Miner's Dict. U ij b, We drive at the Vein Head in the first Place, because there it is likely that the Vein may be the most Kind or Leppey. 1828Craven Dial., Kind, soft. ‘As kind as a glove.’ Kind-harled, soft-haired. 1831J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 243 To distinguish between hard and kind steel, that is, between steel that has been more or less carbonated. 1848Keary in Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IX. ii. 429 Breeders..are now fully alive to the importance of kind hair and good flesh in a feeding beast. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining 147 Kind generally signifies tender, soft, or easy to work.
III. 10. As adv. = kindly. (Here perh. belongs the phr. to take it kind.) Now colloq. or vulgar.
1607Shakes. Timon i. ii. 225, I take all, and your seuerall visitations So kinde to heart. 1725Ramsay Gent. Sheph. i. i, Ye..wha have sae kind Redd up my ravel'd doubts. 1750H. Walpole Lett. (1845) II. 354 He took it mighty kind. 1781Johnson 3 June in Boswell, Tell him, if he'll call on me..I shall take it kind. 1800E. Hervey Mourtray Fam. III. 102 All this would be mighty well..if Lady C. behaved kind and tenderly to you. 1849Dickens Dav. Copp. xlii, ‘How kind he puts it!’ said Uriah.
IV.
11. Comb., as kind-minded, kind-tempered, kind-thoughted, kind-witted; kind-contending; kind-cruel.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xii. 109 Namore kan a kynde witted man..Come for al his kynde witte to crystendome and be saued. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. vi. 48 Pierc't with glance of a kinde-cruell eye. 1727–46Thomson Summer 39 The kind-temper'd change of night and day. 1728–46― Spring 596 The thrush And woodlark o'er the kind-contending throng Superior heard. 1858Faber Spir. Confer. (1870) 25 The kind-thoughted man has no..self-importance to push.
▪ III. † kind, v. Obs. rare.
1. [app. f. prec. adj.] trans. ? To treat kindly.
a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 112 The hynde..whanne the moder of other bestis be slaine, yet wolle she gladly of her gentille nature norishe the yonge..and kindithe hem tille they may susteine hem selff.
2. [f. kind n.] In pa. pple. Sprung, begotten. ? pseudo-arch.
1596Spenser F.Q. v. v. 40 Not borne of Beares and Tygres, nor so salvage mynded As that..She yet forgets that she of men was kynded. |