释义 |
‖ kinnikinnic, kinnikinnik|ˌkɪnɪkɪˈnɪk| Also 8 killegenico, 9 kanickanick, kanikanik, killickinnick, kin(n)ikin(n)ick, -kineck, -kennic, kinnakinnec, and many other varr. [Algonquin; lit. ‘mixture’.] 1. A mixture used by North American Indians as a substitute for tobacco, or for mixing with it; the commonest ingredients are dried sumach-leaves and the inner bark of dogwood or willow. Also attrib.
1799J. Smith Acc. Remark. Occurr. (1870) 16 A pouch, which..contained tobacco, killegenico, or dry sumach leaves which they mix with their tobacco. 1805J. Ordway in Lewis & Ordway Jrnls. Western Explor. (1916) 199 Some Indians had hung up..a Scraper a paint bag.., kinikaneck bags, flints, [etc.]. 1817J. Bradbury Trav. Amer. 91 They did not make use of tobacco, but the bark of Cornus sanguinea, or red dog wood, mixed with the leaves of Rhus glabra, or smooth sumach. This mixture they call kinnikineck. 1827T. L. McKenney Sk. Tour to Lakes 181 The pipe of an Indian..and a pouch made of the skin of some animal, in which he carries his kinnikanic, a kind of fragrant weed that has a leaf like our box wood. 1839J. K. Townsend Narr. Rocky Mts. ii. 146 He smokes the article called kanikanik,—a mixture of tobacco and the dried leaves of the poke plant. 1839C. A. Murray Trav. N. Amer. II. 22 We took out our kinnekinik-bag. 1844― Prairie-bird II. 179 Volumes of kinnekenik smoke. 1847C. Lanman Summer in Wilderness xiv. 87 A bag of ka-nick-a-nick and tobacco was circulated and a cloud of fragrant smoke ascended to the sky. 1860H. Y. Hind Narr. Canad. Red River Expedition I. 315 A sandy ridge..was covered with the bear-berry from which kinnikinnik is made. 1865Visc. Milton & Cheadle Northwest Passage 275 What the Indians call kinnikinnick—the inner bark of the dogwood. 1867‘Mark Twain’ Amer. Drolleries (1875) 41 The most popular..smoking tobacco is..Killikinick. 1883P. Robinson in Harper's Mag. Oct. 710/2 The ‘kinnikinic’ of travellers, a pale yellow pile of stuff resembling ‘granulated’ tobacco. 1889K. Munroe Golden Days xxvi. 284 Put that in your pipe and smoke it, along with your killikinick. 1890E. Custer Following Guidon viii. 101 Kinnikinnic..is a mixture of willow bark, sumach leaves, sage leaf, and tobacco, and is thoroughly mingled with marrow from buffalo bones. 1920Chambers's Jrnl. 31 Jan. 136/1 The curling wisps of kinickinick smoke. 1969Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 23 Nov. 13/2 Since their canoe had been swamped, the two pipe-smoking canoeists had been without tobacco. They used kinnikinik..which the Indians smoke. 2. Any of the various plants used for this, as the Silky Cornel, Cornus sericea, Red-osier Dogwood, Cornus stolonifera, and esp. Bearberry, Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi (also trailing k., k.-vine). Also attrib.
1822A. Eaton Man. Bot. (ed. 3) 178 Arbutus uva-ursi, bear berry kinnikinnick... Dry, barren sand plains. 1839Marryat Diary Amer. Ser. i. I. 198 The Kinnakinnec, or weed which the Indians smoke as tobacco, grew plentifully about it. 1853J. W. Bond Minnesota & its Resources 303 Some dry Kinne-kin-nick bark is generally carried along, cut very fine for the purpose of smoking. 1883Lit. World (U.S.) 20 Feb. 55/2 The vine on the pretty cover design is the kinnikinnick, a Colorado creeper. 1886Ogoutz Mosaic Jan. 7/2 A soft carpet of pine needles and trailing killickinnicks. 1910Anthropos V. 420 Nor should we forget to mention the fruit of the kinnikinik or bearberry bush (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), which, though insipid enough to a white man, is of such importance in the eyes of some tribes, as the Chilcotins, that it gives its name to one of their minor seasons. 1938M. Thompson High Trails of Glacier Nat. Park 86 As we climb into the Hudsonian zone we find extensive carpets of kinnikinnick. 1956V. Fisher Pemmican xxviii. 259 They went another day, and another, eating nothing but rose hips, leaves, kinnikinnik bark, moss, water cress. 1963Vancouver Sun 23 Nov. 21/1 The rolling hills..are park-like with their copses of fir, tamarack, poplar and willow, dotted through open stretches of bitterbrush and kinnikinnik. |