| 释义 |
kino-|ˈkaɪnəʊ|
comb. form of Gr. κινεῖν to set in motion, as in kinoˈcilium (pl. -cilia) Biol., a cilium which is capable of moving (in contrast to an immobile cilium, called a stereocilium), spec. such a cilium borne singly on each hair cell of the maculæ of the inner ear amid a group of about a hundred stereocilia; ˈkinoform Physics, a transparent plate with a contoured surface so made as to introduce phase differences into an incident parallel beam in such a way as to form a single three-dimensional image of the particular object for which the calculation of the surface was made; ˈkinoplasm Cytology [ad. G. kinoplasma (E. Strasburger Histol. Beiträge (1892) IV. 60)], a supposed special kind of cytoplasm which was formerly held to be fibrillar in nature and to give rise to the active parts of a cell (such as the membrane and the mitotic apparatus); hence kinoˈplasmic a.
1933M. Fernán-Núñez tr. Ramón y Cajal's Histol. x. 148 These cilia [of ciliated epithelium] are completely free and carry out spontaneous vibratory and whip-like movements, both of flexion and extension in the greater number of cases (kinocilia); in other cases, as in the epididymis, they appear immobile (stereocilia). 1956Acta Oto-Laryngol. Suppl. No. 126. 46 The kinocilium in each cell is closely consistent in structure with the kinocilia that have been observed in the trachea, the fallopian tube, and in a number of unicellular organisms. 1971New Scientist 29 July 283/1 The kinocilium, an apparently active hair among the passive hairs of each hair cell on the basilar membrane of the ear.
1968P. M. Hirsch et al. Digital Holograms & Kinoforms in IBM Technical Symposium on Laser Applic., Sept. 1968 (typescript) 244 Our efforts have been in making digital holograms and a new kind of imaging element, which we call a kinoform. 1969L. B. Lesem et al. in IBM Jrnl. Res. & Devel. XIII. 150/1 The kinoform is a new, computer-generated wave⁓front reconstruction device which, like the hologram, provides the display of a three-dimensional image. In contrast, however, the illuminated kinoform yields a single diffraction order and, ideally, all the incident light is used to reconstruct this one image. Ibid. 151/2 Unlike the making of holograms, which can be physical recordings of actual wavefront interference patterns.., it does not appear possible to create a kinoform using completely optical techniques. 1970Physics Bull. Nov. 493/1 Kinoforms, like digital holograms, are also made by calculating the wavefront scattered from the numerically defined object, but instead of adding in a reference beam, the amplitude of the scattered wavefront is assumed constant. A photographic plot of the phase distribution (mod 2π) is made, and translated into a phase plate. Ibid. 495/2 Kinoforms can be used as arbitrarily shaped phase plates in lens applications.
1894Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 581 Prof. E. Strasburger concludes that in the cytoplasm two constituents are contrasted in their activity. To one of these, the kinoplasm, the radiations round the centro⁓spheres, the spindle-fibres, and the combining filaments..owe their origin... The other constituent..is the trophoplasm. 1910G. N. Calkins Protozoöl. i. 29 Some [observers]..have endeavored to show that archoplasm, or, in a larger sense, kinoplasm, is not only specific, but a kind of ‘superior’ protoplasm, self-perpetuating and distinct. 1934L. W. Sharp Introd. Cytol. (ed. 3) ii. 45 It appears to be the kinoplasm that is responsible for protoplasmic streaming; it flows through the relatively stationary trophoplasm, carrying with it the plastids and chondriosomes. 1965K. Esau Plant Anat. (ed. 2) iii. 57 The old concept of the existence of a special kind of active, fibrous cytoplasm, the kinoplasm.
1900E. B. Wilson Cell (ed. 2) vi. 322 Beyond this the two forms of protoplasm show a difference of staining-reaction, the kinoplasmic fibrillæ staining deeply with gentian-violet and iron-hæmatoxylin, while the trophoplasm is but slightly stained. 1905Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 577 Strasburger considers them [sc. blepharoplasts] as kinoplasmic in nature, and thus brings them into relation with his other kinoplasmic structures, the centrosome and spindle. 1927Protoplasma II. 201 The kinoplasmic spheres from which the contractile vacuoles arise in Spirogyra. |