| 释义 |
kleptoparasitism, n. Zool.|klɛptəʊˈpærəsɪtɪz(ə)m|
Also clepto-.
[f. *klepto- + parasitism n.]
A form of parasitism in which a bird, insect, or other animal habitually steals prey or food-stores from members of another species.
1952Rothschild & Clay Fleas, Flukes & Cuckoos i. 10 Some birds, of which the skuas..are good examples, live by a curious form of food robbing known as clepto-parasitism. 1960H. Oldroyd tr. Jeannel's Introd. Entomol. vii. 182 All degrees of kleptoparasitism have been observed, sometimes with remarkable habits. 1963Bull. Mus. Compar. Zool. Harvard CXXVIII. 384 Cleptoparasitism is known to occur in various aculeates, including Nysson and some Pompilidae, but not in groups closer to Stizoides. 1975Nature 25 Dec. 710/1, I report here the kleptoparasitism of the prey of web-building spiders by scorpionflies of the genus Panorpa. 1978J. B. Nelson Sulidae viii. 721 The significance of the sex differences in frigate kleptoparasitism is completely obscure. 1994Nature 24 Feb. 638/2 At sea, skuas obtain food mainly by ‘kleptoparasitism’, meaning that they search for smaller seabirds that have caught food, chase them, and force them to drop or regurgitate the food.
Also kleptoˈparasite n., an animal that engages in kleptoparasitism; ˌkleptoparaˈsitic a.; kleptoˈparasitize v. trans., to subject to kleptoparasitism.
1952Rothschild & Clay Fleas, Flukes & Cuckoos xv. 253 The only real British bird clepto-parasites are the skuas. Ibid. 254 The frigate-birds..never settle on the water and this particular aversion may well be one of the factors contributing to the development of the clepto-parasitic habit. 1974Nature 5 Apr. 476/1 Often, the kleptoparasites were seen to rush in and start feeding while Nephila was actually subduing or wrapping its prey. 1978J. B. Nelson Sulidae viii. 722 Frigate-birds are often found breeding alongside or among red-footed boobies, which they klepto-parasitise. 1984F. Vollrath in C. J. Barnard Producers & Scroungers iii. 68 A highly mobile host like a fly can only be kleptoparasitised by either an equally mobile klepto or conversely by an ‘ecto’-kleptoparasite, i.e. a parasite which..clings to the outside of the host. 1989Jrnl. Exper. Biol. CXLVII. 322 We predict that warm-up rates in kleptoparasitic bees..will be lower than those in related bees of similar mass. |