| 释义 |
▪ I. wicked, a.1 (n., adv.)|ˈwɪkɪd|
Forms: 3– wicked; also 4–6 wyck-, wikk-, wykk-, (chiefly Sc. vick-, vikk-); 3–5 -ed(e, (4 -ud), 4–5 -id(e, -yd(e, 4–6 Sc. -it, -yt; (4 wikcud, wekked, wikket, 5 weckid, 5–6, 9 Sc. wicket, 6 Sc. weckit); 4 wikid(e, (-ud, vikede, Sc. vikit, -yt), 4–5 wiked, Sc. wikyt, wykit, 4–6 Sc. wikit, 5 wyked, -yd; 4 Sc. wekit, (vekyt), 4–5 wekyd, 4–6 weked, 5 -ede, -id, 6 Sc. weikit.
[ME. (13th cent.) wicked, wikked, app. f. wick a., as wretched from wrecche wretch. The later wiked appears to be merely a graphic variant; forms with the lowered stem-vowel are of both types, wekked, weked.]
I. adj.
1. Bad in moral character, disposition, or conduct; inclined or addicted to wilful wrong-doing; practising or disposed to practise evil; morally depraved. (A term of wide application, but always of strong reprobation, implying a high degree of evil quality.)
a. of a person (or a community of persons).
the Wicked One, the Devil, Satan.
c1275Lay. 14983 Hercne ou ȝeo tock an, þes wickede [earlier text swicfulle] wifman. 1340Ayenb. 1 Ich bidde þe hit by my sseld auoreye þe wycked uend. 13..Cursor M. 170 (Gött.) Iesu wan he longe hade fast Was temped wid þe wicked [v.r. wikket] gast. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints x. (Mathou) 73 Mare reuerens Is gewine..To vekyt men fore dred..Þane to gudmen for luf. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 76 Of siche vikede men seiþ god bi his prophete [etc.]. c1380Sir Ferumb. 2187 In al heþenis ys no Sarsyn wikkeder þan is he. a1400–50Wars Alex. 2425 Ȝe at wickid ere within ay wickidly ȝe thinke. c1450Mirk's Festial 222 All wekyd spyrytys schall for ferd fle away from þe. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 32 Wikkit tyrane Emperouris. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 214 My weckit kyn, that me away cast. 1533Gau Richt Vay (S.T.S.) 60 Thow vikkit seruand I forgaiff ye al thy det. 1535Coverdale Gen. xiii. 13 Y⊇ men of Sodome were wicked, and synned exceadingly agaynst the Lorde. 1562Winȝ et Cert. Tractatis Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 5 Wes not the sacramentis..prophanit be ignorantis and wikit persones? 1567Satir. Poems Reform. iv. 109 O wickit wemen, vennomus of nature! 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Matt. xiii. 19 There cometh the wicked one, and catcheth away that which was sowen in his hart. Ibid. 1 John ii. 13 You haue ouercome the wicked one. 1610Shakes. Temp. v. i. 130 You (most wicked Sir) whom to call brother Would euen infect my mouth. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. iii. Wks. 1851 V. 130 Looking on the poor Christian with..Contempt; but fawning on the wickedest rich men. 1696Whiston The. Earth iii. iv. 207 This Deluge..was a signal Instance of the Divine Vengeance on a Wicked World. 1727De Foe Syst. Magic i. ii. 58 'Tis very strange Men should be so fond of being thought wickeder than they are. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. v. §7 Vice increases, and men grow daily more and more wicked. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xv, ‘Then you are the wicked cause of my sister's ruin?’ said Jeanie, with a natural touch of indignation. 1820Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1838) III. 399 Bunyan was never, in our received sense of the word, wicked. He was chaste, sober, honest; but he was a bitter blackguard..and was fond of a row. 1873Leland Egypt. Sketch-Bk. 155 However wicked a man may be, he is sure to find a wickeder.
b. of action, speech, thought, or other personal attribute; also transf. of a thing connected in some way with such action, etc.
a1300Cursor M. 1227 Þai him warryd wit wickud dedis. Ibid. 12991 Na langer Mai i nu þi wicked wordes ber. 13..Northern Passion (A) 506 [Satan] wyl the dryfe in wekyd þoughte. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 217 Þenne was he a-schomed,..And gon..gret deol to make For his wikkede lyf þat he I-liued hedde. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints i. (Petrus) 474 Throw his wekit sorcery. Ibid. viii. (Philepus) 66 Wikit heresy. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 37 Wickid lawis & wrong execucions of hem. c1400Rom. Rose 7424 They to Wicked Tonge comen That at his gate was syttyng. 1535Coverdale Ezek. viii. 9 What wicked abhominacions that they do. 1539Bible (Great) 2 Chron. vii. 14 Yf they..do humble them selues..and turne from their wycked wayes. 1567Satir. Poems Reform. iii. 176 Doggis could hir wickit bainis gnaw. 1602Shakes. Ham. iii. iii. 59 Offences gilded hand may shoue by Iustice, And oft 'tis seene, the wicked prize it selfe Buyes out the Law. 1667Milton P.L. v. 890 Yet not for thy advise or threats I fly These wicked Tents devoted. 1727De Foe Syst. Magic i. ii. 48 All the wicked things, which have..given a black Character to the very Name of a Magician; for under the shelter of Religion, the worst and most Diabolical things were practis'd. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair viii, ‘Yes, hang it’ (said Sir Pitt, only, he used, dear, a much wickeder word). 1878H. Stevens Bibles Caxton Exhib. 114 In 1855 Mr. Henry Stevens exhibited..a..copy of this long-lost..Bible [of 1631], and..nick-named it ‘The Wicked Bible,’ from the fact that the negative had been left out of the Seventh Commandment by a typographical error. 1905R. Bagot Passport iii. 23 The mysterious old professor..who wrote wicked books.
c. Designating a stock evil character in a fairy-tale, as Wicked Fairy, Wicked Stepmother, Wicked Uncle, etc. Freq. transf.
1897Kipling Stalky (1899) 39 He owned a soft, slow smile which well suited the part of the Wicked Uncle. 1906Sleeping Beauty (‘Tales for Little People’ ed.) 8/2 ‘That looks like the wicked fairy, I'm sure,’ said his majesty to himself. 1946A. Huxley Let. 26 May (1969) 544 That blessing and curse of cleverness, with which the Fairy Godmother, who is also the Wicked Fairy, endowed me. 1978M. Babson Tightrope for Three xv. 78 He could not see Lillian in the classic ‘wicked stepmother’ situation. 1982‘J. Melville’ Painted Castle i. 21 If you left Tad out of consideration, uncomfortable things were apt to happen. He had a touch of the Wicked Fairy about him.
2. Bad, in various senses (not always clearly distinguishable). Frequent in ME. use; later chiefly dial., or in colloq. use as a conscious metaphor (now often jocular) from sense 1, and implying ‘very or excessively bad’, ‘horrid’, ‘beastly’.
a. In reference to character or action: Cruel, severe, fierce. Of animals: Savage, vicious.
13..Cursor M. 5571 (Gött.) Quat he was wicked and wode Again þat folk sua mild of mode! 1375Creation 980 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 136 Who so were..venympd wiþ eny wikked beste. a1400Morte Arth. 3232 Woluez, and whilde swynne, and wykkyde bestez. 1513Douglas æneis i. x. 23 Quhat wise thi brothir Eneas..Is blawin and warpit euery coist abowt, Of wickit Juno throw the cruell invy [L. odiis Iunonis acerbæ]. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 308 As they [sc. horses] are wilde and fierce, so are they wicked and harmefull. 1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. i. ii, If canker'd Madge, our aunt, Come up the burn, she'll gie 's a wicked rant. 1819W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 7 Sae wud and wicket was their wraith [= wrath] Gainst Papish trash and idol-graith. 1829Hogg Sheph. Cal. i. 8 It's hard to gar a wicked cout leave off flinging. 1895Millais Breath from Veldt (1899) 228 The Cape buffalo..has ample power to carry out his evil intentions when he means to be wicked.
b. Actually or potentially harmful, destructive, disastrous, or pernicious; baleful; when applied to air, odour, taste, etc. passing into: Offensive, foul.
1340Ayenb. 124 Aye þe wykkede hetes..aye þe wyckede cheles..aye þe wyckede raynes. 1375Barbour Bruce v. 12 To vyn the heling of thar hevede, That vikkit vyntir had thame revede. 1379Glouc. Cath. MS. 19 No. I. i. iii. lf. 6 b, Wicked ayr or grevaunce, or cold takyng. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 626 Thurgh his body wikked wormes crepte. c1391― Astrol. ii. §4 A fortunat assendent clepen they whan þat no wykkid planete, as saturne or Mars,..is in þe hows of the assendent. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. iv. xi. (1495) f v b/2 Flyes shunne & voyde the wycked & horryble sauour therof. c1400Mandeville xv. [xi]. (1919) 83 The perilous watres & wykkede mareys. c1400Song Roland 857 The wekid wedur lastid full long. c1400Rom. Rose 6511 If that wikkid deth hym haue I wole go with hym to his graue. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 5638 A wicked strok he him hit. c1440Alphabet of Tales 59 When þe wykkid fyre was in howsis nere-hand hur. c1460Play Sacram. 267 in Non-Cycle Myst. Plays 65 Alle wykkyd metys yt wylle degest. c1480Henryson Test. Cress. 412 Fell is thy Fortoun, wickit is thy weird. 1578Lyte Dodoens ii. lxxxix. 270 Fenell.. is good agaynst..the bitings of..wicked & venimous beastes. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. xi. 24 Faire Amoret must dwell in wicked chaines. 1600Breton Pasquil's Foole's Cappe Wks. (Grosart) I. 26/1 Who loues to feede vpon a Sallet dish, Among his Herbes some wicked weede may haue. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 321 As wicked dewe, as ere my mother brush'd With Rauens feather from vnwholesome Fen, Drop on you both. a1627Middleton, etc. Widow iv. i, What's good, Sir, for a wicked tooth? 1639J. Taylor (Water P.) Part Summers Trav. 41 It is too well known what a wicked number of followers he hath had. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 103 Lest wicked Weeds the Corn shou'd over-run. 1725Mandeville Fab. Bees (ed. 4) I. 268 There comes a wicked Cold through that Door,..pray shut it. 1894G. A. Smith Hist. Geog. Holy Land 69 Tents may be carried away by wicked gusts. 1894Times 27 Oct. 7/2 The ‘Milo’ was not a particularly ‘wicked’ engine with regard to giving off sparks. 1895Millais Breath from Veldt (1899) 133 It was a wicked country for fever. 1903Brit. Med. Jrnl. 25 Apr. 967 A proprietary..form of chloride of ethyl and inferior to it on account of its wicked smell.
†c. Of wounds, disease: Severe; malignant.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 221 Þo he was in dispeir of hir lijf, I was sent after & foond hir in wickide staat. Ibid. 338 To make a wickid enpostym maturatif. 14..Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 245 A wycked wound hath me walled. 1576Baker Gesner's Jewell of Health 102 b, A water agaynst long continuing ulcers, yea how peryllous or wycked so euer they bee.
d. Of bad quality; poor, vile, ‘sorry’; occas. perverted, abnormal; † in early use sometimes merely negative = un-, dis-.
13..Spec. S. Edm. in Hampole's Wks. (1895) I. 225 Þare⁓of commes tresones,..wykked reste [L. inquietudo], Malice and hardnes of herte. 1375Barbour Bruce ix. 75 Ane of thame sall be vorth thre Of thame that vikkid chiftane has. c1384Chaucer H. Fame iii. 530 Ye shal haue..wikkyd loos and wors name. [Cf. quot. a 1340 s.v. wick a. 2 b.] a1425tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 68 A Rial þing expert, þat..amendeþ þe errour als wele of þe first digestion as of þe seconde, and doþ away wicked colour & vnnatural. c1440Jacob's Well 78 Of good sede he repyth wycked corn.
1663Lauderdale Papers (Camden) I. 145 It will be hard to billet me for this wicked inke, for this place affords no better for fine paper. [Cf. ante p. 136 If you write not upon better paper and with better pens, wee will have yow billetted again.] a1704T. Brown Dial. Dead, Reas. Oaths Wks. 1711 IV. 76 Retailer of wicked Bottle Ale and Brandy. 1764H. Walpole Let. to G. Montagu 16 July, They talk wicked French.
†e. Difficult or dangerous; esp. of roads, passing into: In bad condition, out of repair (cf. d).
c1350Will. Palerne 3507 Ouer mires & muntaynes & oþer wicked weiȝes. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. vii. 27 Þey shulde..amende mesondieux þere-myde and myseyse folke helpe, And wikked wayes wiȝtlich hem amende. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. xci. (1869) 50 Bi ful wikkede pases þou shalt go, and wikkede herberwes þou shalt fynde. 1513Douglas æneis v. iv. 86 Ontill a wickit place his schip did steir. Ibid. xii. xi. 160 Lyke till a wykkit hill of huge wecht [L. mons improbus]. 1533Bellenden Livy iv. xviii. (S.T.S.) II. 115 Þe battell was fochtin in ane wikkit place [L. loco iniquo]. Ibid. v. xxii. 222 Quhare ony strait or wikkit passage was. 1600Hakluyt Voy. III. 375 It is most wicked way,..because they are inaccessible mountaines.
† f. Difficult to do something with. Obs.
a1352Minot Poems (ed. Hall) xi. 8 Þat woning was wikked for to win. c1400Brut i. 55 Þat lande was strong and wikkede to wynne. c1440Pallad. on Husb. ii. 155 This lond is ful wikked to be wrought, To hard in hete and ouer softe in wete.
3. a. In weakened or lighter sense (from 1), usually more or less jocular: Malicious; mischievous, sly.
1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iv. i. 216 That same wicked Bastard of Venus,..that blinde rascally boy. 1750Gray Long Story 44 A wicked Imp they call a Poet. 1781Johnson 1 Apr. in Boswell, She [sc. Mrs. Thrale] is the first woman in the world, could she but restrain that wicked tongue of hers. 1809Malkin Gil Blas x. x. (Rtldg.) 369 Rubicund in the jowl, efflorescent on the nose, with a wicked eye at a bumper or a girl. 1829Lytton Devereux iv. v, You are the wickedest witty person I know. 1857B. Taylor Northern Trav. xxx. (1858) 312 He had..wicked black eyes, and a mouth which laughed even when his face was at rest. 1868L. M. Alcott Little Women v, ‘You are not afraid of anything, you know,’ returned the boy, looking wicked.
b. Excellent, splendid; remarkable. slang (orig. U.S.).
1920F. Scott Fitzgerald This Side of Paradise i. iii. 119 ‘Tell 'em to play ‘Admiration’!’ shouted Sloane... ‘Phoebe and I are going to shake a wicked calf.’ 1977Western Mail (Cardiff) 5 Mar. 8/2 He could, as I say, sidestep off either foot, but what sped him on was a wicked acceleration over 20 yards.
II. absol. or as n.
4. In sense 1 a: chiefly in biblical and religious use; often opp. to righteous 1 b.
a. absol. in pl. sense: Wicked persons. (Usually, now always, with the.) Also in phrs. no peace for the wicked: see peace n. 16; no rest for the wicked.
13..Cursor M. 22999 (Edinb.) Þe wikid þat dred noht his aw, Her doun þai sal be demed law. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxi. 430 Ther þat dom to þe deoþ dampneþ alle wyckede. c1400Pety Job 271 in 26 Pol. Poems 129 Wycked and worse, good and bette, I wote well thow considerest alle. a1425Cursor M. 18279 (Trin.) Mony wickede & mis dedy Hastou lost. 1535Coverdale Job iii. 17 There must the wicked ceasse from their tyranny. ― 2 Macc. i. 17 God be praysed, which hath delyuered the wicked in to oure hondes. 1539Bible (Great) Gen. xviii. 23 Wylt thou also destroy the rightwes wyth the wicked? 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 517 If Sacke and Sugar bee a fault, Heauen helpe the Wicked. 1781Cowper Charity 280 Prisons expect the wicked, and were built To bind the lawless. 1935Marsh & Jellett Nursing-Home Murder iv. 57 The throat specialist..remarked: ‘No rest for the wicked, nurse.’ 1958A. Sillitoe Sat. Night & Sunday Morning i. 20 ‘No rest for the wicked,’ she laughed. 1965T. Capote In Cold Blood iv. 321, I wish you'd send me earplugs. Only they wouldn't allow me to have them. No rest for the wicked, I guess. 1979M. Babson So soon done For vii. 54 ‘I wish I could take some time and get away. But there's no rest for the weary.’ ‘Or the wicked.’
b. absol. or as n. in sing. sense: A wicked person. Obs. or rare arch.: also in nonce-use with pl. in -s.
1484Caxton Fables of æsop iii. xii, Ne none wycked may hurte another wycked. 1526Tindale Eph. vi. 16 The shelde off Fayth, wherwith ye maye quenche all the fyrie dartes of the wicked [so 1611: R.V. of the evil one]. ― 2 Thess. ii. 8 That wicked..whom the lorde shall consume with the sprete off hys mouth. 1560Bible (Geneva) Isa. lv. 7 Let the wicked forsake his waies, and the vnrighteous his owne imaginations. 1853in Friendsh. Miss Mitford (1882) II. 115 Falling upon the tender mercies of two such wickeds as papa and she.
†c. genitive in -s (sing. or pl.). Obs.
1587T. Hughes Misfort. Arthur v. i. (1900) 57 The wickeds death is safety to the iust. 1597Breton Arbor Amorous Deuices Wks. (Grosart) I. 10/2 What is the world but wickeds way to hel? 1607Bp. Hall Ps. vii, Let mee the wicked's malice see Brought to an end.
III. 5. as adv. Wickedly; fiercely, savagely, furiously; ‘cruelly’, ‘terribly’.
a1425Cursor M. 15840 (Trin.) Whil þei þus him handeled wicked as þei mouȝt. 1663T. Porter Witty Combat iv. i, Yesterday was..a wicked hot day. 1829Hogg Sheph. Cal. i. 8 A hungry louse bites wicked sair. 1849W. S. Mayo Kaloolah v. (1850) 45 He came towards me with his hatchet in his hand. I saw that he was determined to act wicked. 1902‘Violet Jacob’ Sheep-Stealers ix, They was fightin' very wicked an' nasty.
IV.
6. Comb., as wicked-like [like adv. 7, -like suffix 2 a], wicked-looking, wicked-tongued adjs.; † wicked-doer, -doing = evil-doer, -doing; † wicked-walking, that ‘walks wickedly’ (cf. Ps. xxvi. 1); wicked-worded nonce-wd. as pa. pple., euphem. for ‘damned’.
a1380St. Aug. 945 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 77 Wikked-tonged men Wolde speke vuel of hem. c1450Mirk's Festial 1 Forto deme all wikytdoers ynto þe pyt of hell. 1535Coverdale Ezek. xxxvii. 23 With their..Idols and all their wicked-doinges. c1550Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 297 So wickit like, and als so venemois. 1608Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. Decay 236 The traytor Manahem's wicked-walking Son. 1823Byron Island ii. xxi, She seem'd a wicked-looking craft. 1865H. Kingsley Hillyars & Burtons xxxii, He..wished he might be wicked-worded if he didn't. a1871De Morgan Budget Parad. (1872) 100 It made a book look wicked-like to have a feigned place of printing.
Hence † wickedfully adv., wickedly; wickedish a. [-ish1 3], somewhat wicked; † wickedlek [-laik], † wickedrede [-red], wickedness.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints iii. (Andreas) 104 Wikit women, þou..has consawit giltfully, And consalite þe fend *wikitfully.
1853Reade Chr. Johnstone i, His master replied with..a quiet, but *wickedish look.
a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 478 Ȝif we haue wille to *wikkedlek.
c1375Cursor M. 1227 (Fairf.) Þai wraþet him wiþ *wikked rede.
▪ II. wicked, a.2|wɪkt|
[f. wick n.1 + -ed1.]
Furnished with or having a wick or wicks; usually in comb., as broad-wicked, two-wicked.
1507Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 437 That ale candil makaris has candile reddy to sele.., small weikit and dry. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) IX. 518/1 The broad-wicked lamp seems to have the advantage. 1899H. G. Graham Soc. Life Scot. 18th C. iv. I. 143 Their fathers had..sold dried herring or ‘wicked candles’. |