| 释义 |
windage|ˈwɪndɪdʒ|
[f. wind n.1 + -age.]
1. An allowance of space (for expansion of gas in firing) between the inner wall of a fire-arm and the shot or shell with which it is charged: measured by the difference of the diameters of the bore and the shot.
1710J. Harris Lex. Techn. II. 1778 Hutton in Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 84 It would also be an improvement to diminish the windage; for by so doing, one third or more of the quantity of powder might be saved. 1860Abp. Thomson Laws Th. §117. 238 The windage of a loose ball in the barrel of the piece.
2. Allowance made (esp. in shooting) for deflection from the direct course by the wind; such deflection itself.
1867Morning Star 30 July 6 At half-past nine the firing commenced..but with a breeze almost too strong for accurate aiming, and considerable ‘windage’ was required. 1891Conan Doyle White Company iv, ‘Seven yards windage, Hal,’ said one.
3. = wind n.1 13.
1889Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. VIII. 11/1 To support the idea of injuries from the ‘windage’ of balls.
4. The (actual or potential) air resistance of a moving object, esp. a vessel or a rotating machine part; also, the force of the wind on a stationary object.
1897Pemberton Complete Cyclist 78 This will..save a good deal of windage. 1898Westm. Gaz. 26 May 4/1 [Yachts in which] an innovation is made..giving a maximum of head room with a minimum of windage. 1903Nature 29 Oct. 635/1 The power wasted by the windage of fly-wheel and dynamo armatures. 1909A Williams Engin. Wonders of World III. 42/2 The designer has to consider how to curve the [propeller] blades so as to give a maximum thrust for a minimum windage. 1948Times 24 Nov. 2/2 A new type of anchor designed to prevent warships, particularly aircraft-carriers with their large windage area, from dragging their anchors. 1953C. S. Forester Hornblower & ‘Atropos’ 60 Their twelve oars hardly sufficed to control their more than forty feet of length, and the windage of the huge cabin aft was enormous. 1958Engineering 31 Jan. 157/3 The radar aerial..is of parabolic section and slatted to reduce windage. 1961E. Lightfoot Moment Distribution v. 123 Design against windage is important in skyscraper buildings. 1971Sci. Amer. Dec. 7/1 If the time cycle between storage and retrieval is long, most of the stored energy [of the flywheel] is lost in windage and friction. 1977Mod. Boating (Austral.) Jan. 98/1 There is a tremendous amount of windage in that topsides and cabin.
5. Special Comb.: windage loss, loss of power through the air resistance of rotating parts.
1922Encycl. Brit. XXX. 35/2 In determining the useful H.P. of rotary engines, ‘windage loss’..had first to be determined. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. IV. 449/1 Windage loss is relatively large in air-cooled high-speed machines. |