| 释义 |
▪ I. windlass, n.1|ˈwɪndləs|
Forms: 5 wynlas(s)e, wyndelas, 5–6 wyndlas, 6 -lasse, wynlas, 6–7 windlesse, -lasse, wyndles(se, (also 9) windlace, 6–8 windlas, windles, 7 wyndeles, 7–8 windless, winlace, 8 winlass, 7– windlass.
[prob. alteration of windas, of obscure origin.
The alleged Icel. vindiláss is not authentic.]
1. A mechanical contrivance working on the principle of the wheel and axle, on a horizontal axis (thus distinguished from a capstan); consisting of a roller or beam, resting on supports, round which a rope or chain is wound; used for various purposes, esp. on board ship for weighing the anchor or hauling upon a purchase, at the head of a mine-shaft for hoisting coal or other mineral, or for raising a bucket from a well.
Chinese windlass or differential windlass: see Chinese a. 2, and cf. differential a. 4 b. Spanish windlass: see Spanish a. 7.
c1400Laud Troy Bk. 12652 The schippes were sone on a blase, Thei brende bothe mast & wynlase. c1440Promp. Parv. 529 Wyndynge, wythe wyndelas [Winch. MS. wyndas], obvolucio. 1526Dunmow Churchw. Acc. lf. 5 b (MS.), Item to John Harvy and Wylyem barcar for a brayde to helpe to make the wynlas, iii.d. 1538Elyot, Tractorium, a windlas to draw vp heuy thingis. 1552in Glasscock Rec. St. Michael's, Bp.'s Stortford (1882) 137 A wyndles for the pix. 1585Shuttleworths' Acc. (Chetham Soc.) 25 A grete roppe for the wyndlas in the slayhter housse. 1603G. Owen Pembrokeshire (1892) 89 With a wyndeles turned by fowre men they drawe vpp the coales. 1608Relat. Trav. W. Bush B 2 b, She had twooe stronge Cables..strayned by wyndlesses. 1616Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1848) II. 342 Ane wyndles for heising vp of stanes. 1670Covel in Early Voy. Levant (Hakluyt Soc.) 143 Carrying out an Anchor a sterne..with the Winlace. 1743Woodroofe in Hanway Trav. (1762) I. ii. xxiii. 101 A great sea obliged us to cut the cable at the windlass. 1789Trans. Soc. Arts VII. 218 Anchor-stocks..supplying the place of the upper gudgeon; and in a merchant⁓ship the clamps of her windles. 1800Weems Washington x. (1877) 129 Some seizing the ready handspikes, vault high upon the windlasses. 1822Imison's Sci. & Art I. 56 If two men work at the end of a roller, or windlass, as in drawing up coals or ore from a mine, or water from a well. 1836Thirlwall Greece xxvi. III. 427 A great vessel of burthen..to cover the operations of a number of parties in boats, which..forced up the piles by means of cranes or windlaces.
⁋The form windles taken as pl. Obs.
1601Holland Pliny xxxvi. xv. II. 586 To force the water..with devise of engines and windles up to the top of the hill. 1680Lond. Gaz. No. 1526/4 The Adventure Pink,..two Decks, with a Fall where the Windles stand.
†2. Applied to various smaller contrivances of a similar kind: a winch used in discharging a cross-bow (= windas 1 b) or a pistol (‘dag’); a reel on an angler's rod, or for winding yarn (= windle n.3). Obs.
1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 273, ix. cross⁓bowes, wyndlas. 1587Holinshed Chron. III. 1099/2 With the windlace of his dag hanging thereon. 1588Lanc. Wills (Chetham Soc. 1861) 12 My crosbowe with the windlesse. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 258 A very long Line wound up at the handle of your Rod on a small Winch or Windlace. 1737Ozell Rabelais III. 236 note, A Reel or Yarn-Windless. 1819Scott Ivanhoe xxviii, Two arblasts..with windlaces and quarrells.
3. attrib., as windlass axle, windlass-end, windlass-head, windlass-pawl, windlass rope; windlass-bar, any of a set of bars inserted in holes in a ship's windlass, by which it is turned; windlass-bitt, -chock, each of the supports of a ship's windlass; windlass-jack, windlass-lining (see quots.); windlass-man, a man employed to turn a windlass.
1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 157 Two *windlass axles are supported on four props.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v., The cables [of the windlass] have three turns round this main-piece..: holes are cut for the *windlass-bars in each eighth of the squared sides.
1846A. Young Naut. Dict. 369 Iron spindles working in collars or bushes inserted in the *Windlass-bitts.
Ibid., *Windlass-chocks, fore-and-aft pieces of oak fitted on the deck and bolted to the beams immediately before the windlass.
Ibid., *Windlass-ends..are two horizontal pieces forming a continuation of the windlass outside these bitts.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Windlass..is composed of the carrick-heads or *windlass-heads.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Windlass-jack, a form of lifting-jack having a winch-handle for turning the pinion which gears into the crown-wheel.
1846A. Young Naut. Dict. 369 Pieces of hard wood, called the *Windlass⁓lining, fitted and bolted round it to preserve it from being chafed.
1851Carlyle Sterling iii. iii, Both shouted vehemently to the coadjutor at the windlass, both sprang at the basket; the *windlass man could not move it with them both.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v., Amidships it is supported by chocks, where it is also furnished with a course of *windlass-pawls.
1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. xii. 81 By a *Windless Rope, and weight to sink it, he may first let down the weight.
▪ II. † windlass, n.2 Obs.
Forms: 6 wynd(e)-, winlesse, windlas(se, (-laies ?), wyndlas(s)e, -lace, 6–7 windlace, -lesse, 7 -lass, winde-lase, (8 windlatch).
[Alteration of wanlace, by association with wind v.1 and perh. with prec. n.]
1. A circuit made to intercept the game in hunting (= wanlace 1); gen. a circuit, circuitous movement: esp. in phr. to fetch a windlass, to make a circuit, go round about, ‘fetch a compass’.
1530Palsgr. 231 Hewar that fetteth the wyndelesse in huntyng. 1563Golding Cæsar vii. (1565) 206 Bidding them fetche a windlasse a great waye about, and to make al to⁓ward one place. 1567― Ovid's Met. vii. 93 b, He runnes not forth directly out, Nor makes a windlasse ouer all the champion fieldes about. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 270, I now fetching a windlesse, that I myght better haue a shoote, was preuented with ready game. 1600Fairfax Tasso xiv. xxxiv, The beauies faire of Shepheards daughters bold, With wanton winde laies ronne, turne, play and pas. 1602R. Carew Cornwall 75 Sometimes a foote-man..will carry the same quite backwards, and so, at last, get to the goale by a windlace.
2. fig. A circuitous course of action; a round-about proceeding; a crafty device (= wanlace 3).
a1569A. Kingsmill Man's Est., Godly Adv. (1574) I vij, With suche winlesses some are dryuen into the net. 1575Laneham Let. (1871) 55 And heer iz my windlesse, lyke yoor coorse as pleaz ye. 1575Mirr. Mag., Humfrey Dk. Glouc. xlvi, Which by slye driftes, and wyndlaces aloofe, They brought about. 1602Shakes. Ham. ii. i. 65. 1617 Collins Def. Bp. Ely ii. viii. 317 These were the trances, and the windlaces of the first Iesuites. 1631[Mabbe] Celestina iv. 54 What a wind-lace hast thou fetcht, with what words hast thou come upon me? a1734North Exam. ii. iv. §143. (1740) 307 The former are brought forth, by a Windlatch of a Trial, to charge the latter with the foulest of Crimes.
▪ III. † windlass, v.1 Obs.
[f. windlass n.2]
a. trans. (fig.) To decoy or ensnare.
b. intr. To ‘fetch a windlass’, make a circuit; fig. to act circuitously or craftily. Hence windlassing vbl. n.1
a1586Sidney Astr. & Stella xxi, My young mind.., whom Loue doth windlas so; That mine owne writings..show My wits quicke in vaine thoughts, in vertue lame. a1660Hammond Serm., Ezek. xvi. 30 (1664) 12 She is not at so much leasure as to windlace, or use craft to satisfie them; she goes downright a woing. Ibid., Luke xviii. 11 131 A skilful woods-man, that by wind-lassing presently gets a shoot.
▪ IV. ˈwindlass, v.2
[f. windlass n.1]
trans. To hoist or haul with a windlass. Hence ˈwindlassing vbl. n.2
1834M. Edgeworth Helen xiv, None of our windlassing will ever bring her [sc. the truth] up. 1870Daily News 20 Jan., He was hauled into the barn and windlassed clear of the floor. 1897Kipling Capt. Cour. ix. 203 As though the words were being windlassed out of him. |