| 释义 |
▪ I. red, a. and n.|rɛd|
Forms: 1 réad, 2–6 read(e, 3 ræd(en, 3–6 rede, reed(e, 4–6 redd(e, (compar. 4 raddore, 5 -ur), 4–8 Sc. reid, (6 rid), 2– red.
[Comm. Teut.: OE. réad = OFris. râd, OS. (M.Du., MLG.) rôd (Du., LG. rood), OHG., MHG. rōt (mod.G. roth, rot), ON. rauðr (Sw., Da. röd), Goth. rauþs:—OTeut. *rauðo-z:—pre-Teut. *roudho-s, from the o grade of the ablaut series *reudh-, roudh-, rudh-, widely represented in the cognate languages. Of the same grade as the Teut. forms are L. rūfus, OIr. ruad(h), Lith. raũda-s; the other grades are represented by Gr. ἐρεύθειν to redden, OE. réod, ON. rjóðr red, ruddy, and L. ruber, Gr. ἐρυθρός, OSl. rŭdrŭ, Skr. rudhirá- red.
The original long vowel is retained in the surname variously written Read(e, Rede, Reed and Reid. The shortening in the adj. is parallel to the cases of bread, dead, lead n.]
A. adj.
I.
1. a. Having, or characterized by, the colour which appears at the lower or least refracted end of the visible spectrum, and is familiar in nature as that of blood, fire, various flowers (as the poppy and rose) and ripe fruits (whence the frequent similes red as blood, fire, a rose, cherry, etc.).
The precise shades of colour to which the name of red is applied vary from bright scarlet or crimson to reddish yellow or brown (the latter esp. of the hair of certain animals). The numerous varieties are distinguished, when necessary, by prefixed nouns or adjectives, as blood-, brick-, cherry-, fire-, flame-, flesh-, robin-, rose-red; dark, dull, light, lively red; fiery, foxy red; brown-, orange-, yellow-red; brownish, yellowish red, etc. For examples of these, see the first element.
a700Epinal Gloss. 404 Flavum vel fulfum, read. c725Corpus Gloss. 1758 Ruber, read. c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxii. §3 æᵹðer ᵹe hwite ᵹimmas ᵹe reade. c897― Gregory's Past. C. xv. 94 On ᵹemong ðæm bellum [sceoldon hangian] reade apla. a1000Riddles xxvii. 15 (Gr.) Se reada telg. c1175Lamb. Hom. 83 Alse þe sunne scineð þurh þe glesne ehþurl... Ȝif þet gles is red ho schineð red. c1205Lay. 15940 Þe oder is milcwhit..þe oðer ræd alse blod. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2786 Tueye grete dragons out of þis stones come, Þe on was red, þe oþer wyt. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. ii. 12 Hir fyngres were fretted with golde wyre And there-on red [v.r. rede] rubyes as red as any glede. c1400Mandeville (1839) v. 57 In some place thereof is the Gravelle reede: and therefore Men clepen it the Rede See. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 129 We wryte vn to this tyme the capitalle letters with a redde color. a1500Flower & Leaf 35 Leves new..Some very rede, and some a glad light grene. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §49 The pockes appere vppon the skyn, and are lyke reed pymples. a1585Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 229 The starnis..flew sa thick befoir my ein, Sum reid, sum ȝellow, blew, and grein. 1631Chettle Hoffmann H ij b, The red lines Mixt with a deadly blacke will tell the world She died by violence. 1683Ray Corr. (1848) 172 A sort of trefoil, with..bright purple or red flowers. 1726–46Thomson Winter 1060 The red marks Of superstition's scourge. 1794Cowper Needless Alarm 19 Nor yet the hawthorn bore her berries red. 1836–41Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 257 The former [sparks] are brilliant,..the latter usually of a paler or redder hue. 1882G. Macdonald Castle Warlock xxviii, The red wall, mottled and clouded with its lichens.
b. Of fire, flame, lightning, etc. (lit. and fig.), and of objects lit up by these.
In early use chiefly as a conventional epithet.
a900Cynewulf Crist 809 Blac rasetteð recen reada leᵹ. a1000Cædmon's Gen. 44 (Gr.) Ᵹeondfolen fyre & færcyle, rece & reade leᵹe. a1225Ancr. R. 356 Fur is hot & read. c1320Cast. Love 719 Þe castel lihteþ al abouten, And is raddore þen euere eny rose schal; Þat þuncheþ as hit barnde al. c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 1633 Also seur as red is euery fir. a1400–50Alexander 4176 Þan fell þar fra þe firmament as it ware fell sparkis Ropand doun o rede fire. c1470Henry Wallace vii. 428 Quhat euir he be, reskewis off that kyn Fra the rede fyr, him sellf sall pass tharin. 1533Bellenden Livy i. xvi. (S.T.S.) I. 88 His hede apperit (as It war blesand) in ane rede low. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 1353 Two red fires in both their faces blazed. 1667Milton P.L. i. 175 The Thunder, Wing'd with red Lightning. 1727–46Thomson Summer 1148 The inconquerable lightning..Ragged and fierce or in red whirling balls. 1819Shelley Cyclops 378 He strewed Upon the ground beside the red firelight His couch. 1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! xxviii, The hills were red with bonfires in every village.
fig.1655tr. Com. Hist. Francion iv. 25 My rage doth kindle as red against him as ever. 1795–1804W. Blake Four Zoas in Compl. Writings (1972) 336 Red rage redounds. 1892W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen ii. 34 God's red anger seize them. 1938― Herne's Egg iii. 28 The Great Herne himself And he in a red rage. 1952Dylan Thomas Coll. Poems p. x, Of fear, rage red, manalive.
c. Of the sky or sun, esp. at dawn or sunset; hence of dawn, the east, etc.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 2 Smolt bið; read is..heofon. c1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1117 On þære nihte..wæs seo heofon swyðe read ᵹesewen. a1400–50Alexander 20 He recouerd..þe regions all clene And all rialme & þe riches into þe rede est. c1440York Myst. xvi. 7 The rakke of the rede sky. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Rubesco, Aurora rubescebat, the morning waxed redde. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 453 Like a red morne that euer yet betokend Wracke to the sea man, tempest to the field. 1726–46Thomson Winter 721 Hence at eve, Steamd eager from the red horison round [etc.]. 1808Scott Marm. iv. Introd. 55 When red hath set the beamless sun. 1815Shelley Alastor 137 When red morn Made paler the pale moon. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm I. 292 When the sun rises red, wind and rain may be expected during the day.
d. Of the cheeks (or complexion) and lips (as a natural healthy colour); hence also of persons.
a1225Leg. Kath. 1432 Mit se swiðe lufsume leores..se rudie & se reade. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1205 Wyth chynne & cheke ful swete, Boþe quit & red in-blande. c1386Chaucer Prol. 153 Hir mouth [was] ful smal and ther to softe and reed. ― Sir Thopas 15 Hise lippes rede as rose. c1420Anturs of Arth. 161, I was reddere in rode þan rose in þe rayne. 1530Palsgr. 322/1 Redde as ones lyppes or their chekes,..vermeil. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. i. v. 266 Two lippes indifferent red. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 39 Women with big black Eyes, and red Cheeks. a1720Swift Phyllis 14 She..practised how to place her Head And bit her Lips to make them red. 1798Coleridge Anc. Mar. i. ix, The bride hath paced into the hall, Red as a rose as is she. 1824Byron Juan xvi. cxxi, A red lip with two rows of pearls beneath. 1894G. Meredith Lord Ormont iii, His cheeks are as red as yours now you're blushing.
transf.1862Bagehot Lit. Stud. (1879) I. 246 Pope..had not the large red health that uncivilised women admire.
e. Of the hair (of men and animals) or beard.
1500–20[implied in red-haired]. 1538Elyot Addit., Aenobarbus,..a Roman, so callyd bycause he had a berde as red as brasse. 1593Nashe Four Lett. Confut. Wks. (Grosart) II. 220 [He had] a iolly long red peake,..[which] he cherisht continually without cutting. a1625Fletcher Love's Cure ii. i, Thou art a proper man, if thy beard were redder. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Hart, The Coats and Colours of this noble Beast..are usually of three several sorts, viz. Brown, Red and Fallow. 1797G. Pinckard Notes W. Ind. xxix. (1816) II. 241 The hair,..from being slightly tinged with yellow, assumes..that particular hue, which is, more commonly than correctly, termed red. 1808Scott Marm. vi. Introd. 19 While wildly loose their red locks fly. 1819Warden United States I. 245 A tail about a foot long, and covered with red hair. 1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! ii, A boat rowed by one with a red beard.
f. Of soil, earth, etc. Cf. red land.
1623Capt. Smith Wks. (Arb.) 626 The mold is of diuers colours..; the red which resembleth clay is the worst. Ibid., The hardest kinde of it lies vnder the red ground. 1657W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life Peiresc ii. 124 Vapours drawn up out of red earth aloft into the Air. 1706London & Wise Retir'd Gard. I. 371 Above a quarter of Kitchin-Garden Earth well sifted, more than of Red Mould. 1762Mills Pract. Husb. I. 53 The common opinion, that all hot grounds are red or brown..is..exploded by Columella. 1834Schoolcraft Exped. 299 Little mounds of red earth frequently appeared above the grass. 1891Q. Noughts & Crosses 217 The thin red soil of the ridge.
g. Combined with other colours in the same object, sometimes forming compound adjectives, as red-and-blue, red-and-white, etc. (Cf. 17 f.) red, white, and blue: the colours of the Union Jack, hence, the flag itself; also attrib. or as adj., patriotic, devoted to the service of Britain.
c1320Sir Tristr. 2404 Þe king a welp he brouȝt..He was rede, grene & blewe. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 174 Þe sailes..som were blak & blo, Som were rede & grene. c1470Henry Wallace vii. 93 A wand of colour reid and greyne. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iii. ii. 69 A kersey boot⁓hose..gartred with a red and blew list. 1855D. T. Shaw Britannia, Pride of Ocean 1 May the Service United ne'er sever, And both to their Colours prove true, The Army and Navy for ever! Three cheers for the Red, White and Blue! 1857Lawrence Guy Liv. xii. 110 Strong red and white spaniels. 1891T. Hardy Tess xxxix, He observed..a red-and-blue placard. 1912R. Brooke Lett. (1968) 387 Aren't you, perhaps, going to lecture..about the British Empire, on ‘Heart-Cries under the Red White and Blue’, or some such title? 1971Scope (S. Afr.) 19 Mar. 30/1 They were all that he was not; British in tradition; red-white-and-blue in sentiment. 1972P. Lovesey Abracadaver xv. 191 Our careers are dedicated to the red, white and blue. There is no need to remind us where our duty lies. 1974Times 24 Aug. 2/2 Anyone joining his organization had his background checked ‘to avoid communist infiltration... If the man has a red, white and blue background, then he is okay’. 1977Sniffin' Glue July 21 He just averts his gaze to the red white and blue and exchanges nothings with the silly mayor.
h. to paint the town red: see paint v.1 10.
2. a. As an epithet (chiefly poet.) of blood.
c1205Lay. 30412 Urnen þa brockes of reden blodes. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1124 Al þe erþe aboute stod as in flode..al of rede blode. c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 415 The rede blood Ran endelong the tree ther she stood. c1470Golagros & Gaw. 306 Thai brochit blonkis to thair sidis brist of rede blude. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 135 The red bloud may run downe in thy necke. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 1437 To Simois reedie bankes the red bloud ran. a1755Edom o' Gordon xix. in Child Ballads III. 434/1 Clear, clear was hir yellow hair, Whereon the reid bluid dreips! 1805Scott Last Minstr. v. xxi, I have..Seen through red blood the war-horse dashing.
b. In pregnant uses, implying superior quality or value.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. i. 7 Let vs make incision for your loue, To proue whose blood is reddest, his or mine. 1824Scott Redgauntlet ch. xi, His blood was too red to be spared when that sort of paint was in request. 1852Dickens Bleak Ho. xxviii, Inasmuch as very red blood of the superior quality, like inferior blood unlawfully shed, will cry aloud.
3. a. As a conventional (chiefly poet.) epithet of gold. Now only arch.
This use is also found in other Teut. languages. For red gold in mod. technical use see 19 and gold n. 5.
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 2404 (Gr.) Hi..ᵹesawon ofer since salo hlifian, reced ofer readum golde. c1000ælfric Hom. I. 64 He..ða grenan ᵹyrda ᵹebletsode and hi wurdon to readum golde awende. c1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1070 Þet fotspure..wæs eall of read golde. c1205Lay. 23309 He sende..swiðe gode horsses seoluer and red gold. a1300Cursor M. 4763 Þof þai had siluer and gold red Þai moght noght find to bi þam bred. c1400Destr. Troy 1742 We haue riches full rife, red gold fyn. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 98 Sex thousand ȝeirlie..Into tribute of fynest gold so reid. 1818Scott Br. Lamm. ii, From the red gold keep thy finger. 1865Swinburne Chastelard v. i. 141 The men of Pharaoh's, beautiful with red And with red gold. 1892W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen i. 18, I am half mindful to go pray to him To cover all this table with red gold. 1931M. Allingham Look to Lady xiii. 144 The real Chalice..is made of English red gold.
b. Golden, made of gold. Now only slang. † red ones, gold coins; also red 'un, a sovereign.
1375Barbour Bruce xiii. 463 Sevin hundreth paris of spuris rede War tane of knychtis that war dede. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 501 Now is routhe to rede how þe red noble Is reuerenced or þe Rode. [a1400Isumbras 295, I salle the gyffe tene thowsand pownde of florence that bene rede and rownde.] 1568T. Howell Poems (Grosart) i. 91 Besides all this, ich shall not mis of red ones to haue store. a1625Fletcher Mad Lover v. iv, There's a red rogue to buy thee handkerchiefs. 1816Scott Antiq. I. xv. 325 It's a red half-guinea to him every time he mounts his mare. 1879Macm. Mag. Oct. 502/2, I touched for a red toy (gold watch) and red tackle (gold chain). 1890in Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang II. 175/1 The youth, her wish obeying, placed a coin down—gently saying—‘There's a red 'un—or in other words ‘a quid!’’ 1896A. Morrison Child of the Jago 61 Sich a nice watch,—a red 'un an' all. 1899C. Rook Hooligan Nights ii. 25 Honest work..will bring in but a few shillings a week; and what is that compared to the glorious possibility of nicking a red 'un? 1901G. B. Shaw Capt. Brassbound's Conversion ii. 265 E'll give huz fawv unnerd red uns. 1905Hackney & Kingsland Gazette 15 Sept. 3/7 He said ‘Here comes a German with a red lot (gold chain, etc.). If you have heart, pull it.’ 1981A. Hewins Dillen iii. 20, I don't think much o' that stone you got. I'll give you a nice red un for it.
c. orig. U.S. As an epithet of the cent (formerly made of copper), usually in negative expressions. Also (U.S.) in phr. nary (a) red (cent): see nary a.
c1839J. S. Jones People's Lawyer (1856) i. i. 8 It would not have cost you a red cent. 1852Bristed Upper Ten Thou. vi. 144 It was a great catch for Miss Lewison, without a red cent of her own. 1889Sir Ch. Danvers xxix, I don't care a red cent what you say. 1900W. Archer Let. 1 Feb. in C. Archer William Archer (1931) xii. 263 We have never agreed about plays, and we never will... I have never given a red cent for the ideas in plays. 1904Kipling Traffics & Discov. 23 I'd turned in every red cent on the Zigler. 1943K. Tennant Ride on Stranger xvii. 188 ‘To think of it,’ groaned George Benson. ‘We don't get a red cent, not a flaming red cent.’ 1958J. Carew Black Midas ix. 193 He will pay you seven dollar..and not a red cent extra. 1976T. Sharpe Wilt xiii. 135 ‘I'll alimony you for all the money you've got.’ ‘Fat chance. You won't get a red cent.’ 1979Tucson Mag. Apr. 34/3 In ten years, the city has not spent one red cent from any federal funds for Barrio Historico.
4. Of cloth, clothing, etc.: Dyed with red.
See also red flag, red shirt; red hat (of cardinals): see hat n. 3, and 18 a below.
c1000ælfric Hom. II. 252 Hi..hine unscryddon þam readan wæfelse. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 302/92 With rede palles huy weren i-heoled þe faireste þat miȝten beo. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 2036 Vpon þat ryol red cloþe þat riche was to schewe. 1382Wyclif Isa. lxiii. 2 Why thanne red is thi clothing? 1411E.E. Wills 19 A pallette couerte with reede velwette. Ibid., A reed bedde of worsteyd. 1470–85Malory Arthur x. lix, Thenne..came a ryche vessel hylled ouer with reed sylke. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 633 The Erle of Warwike, whose seruitures were apparailed in red Cotes. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 177 A valiant Gentleman, marked by a red cap he wore. a1654Selden Table-t. (Arb.) 77 All that wear Red Ribbons in their Hats. a1729Swift Macer 4 'Twas all th' Ambition his great Soul could feel To wear red Stockings. 1782Cowper Gilpin 75 Then over all..His long red cloak..He manfully did throw. 1895F. Anstey Lyre & Lancet i. 7 A..revolutionary poet..in a flannel shirt and no tie—or else a red one.
5. a. Of persons: Having red hair; † of a red or ruddy complexion.
c1000ælfric Gen. xxv. 25 Se þe æror com se wæs read and eall ruh and his nama wæs ᵹenemned Esau. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 76/206 Willam þe rede king þat after willam bastard cam. Ibid. 319/686 Ho-so hath of fuyre mest he is smal and red Oþur he is blac with cripse here. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 229 Tho that bene rede men, bene..trechurus, and full of queyntise, i-likenyd to Foxis. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. (Rolls) 130 William the Rede was crouned in the ȝere of oure Lord m.lxxxvi. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Rufus, somewhat redde; one that hath a redde head. 1598Florio, Rossa, red, a red-woman. 1612Davies Why Ireland, etc. (1747) 188 Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster (commonly called the Redde-earl). 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 232 In all regions, the children are born fair or at least red. 1808Scott Marm. vi. iv, From Red De Clare, stout Gloster's Earl. 1849Fraser's Mag. XXXIX. 490 Laudations of such persons as Hugh O'Neill and the Red O'Donnell and others. 1922Joyce Ulysses 23 You know that red Carlisle girl, Lily?
b. Of animals: Having red or reddish hair; tawny, chestnut, or bay.
1382Wyclif Num. xix. 2 A reede kowe of hool age in the which no spot be. ― Zech. i. 8 Loo! a man styinge vp a rede hors;..and after hym horsis dyuerse, rede, and white. c1420Pallad. on Husb. iv. 913 A staloun asse..al blaak Or moushered or reed. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 359 Some of theim causenge redde swyne thro wycchecrafte [etc.]. c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 203 Tak hony..& grece of a red barow. Ibid. 207 Tempre wyþ mylk of a red cow. 1535Coverdale Zech. vi. 2 In the first charet were reade horse, in the seconde charet were blacke horse. 1651Barker Art of Angling (1820) 7 The wooll of a red Heyfer makes a good body. 1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! vii, The red cattle lowed to each other. 1882M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal III. i. 16 Master had the red setter with him this morning, when he went for his stroll. 1892R. Kipling Barrack-room Ballads, East & West 78 The red mare played with the snaffle-bars.
c. Of certain peoples, esp. the North American Indians: Having (or regarded as having) a reddish skin. Red Indian: see Indian n. 2 b. See also red man, red skin.
1587Golding De Mornay ii. 21 Hee maketh some folkes whyte, some blacke, some read, and some Tawny; and yet is hee but one selfesame Sunne. 1765in S. P. Hildreth Pioneer History (1848) 79 We, red people, are a very jealous people. 1808Pike Sources Mississ. ii. (1810) 122, I was obliged to convince my red brethren that, if I protected them, I would not suffer them to plunder my men with impunity. 1836W. Irving Astoria II. 8 In the evening the red warriors entertained their white friends with dances and songs. 1889I. Taylor Orig. Aryans iv. 198 The half-castes between Europeans and Maoris are unmistakeably red without any tendency to yellow.
6. Wearing red clothing (uniform, livery) or armour. Now rare.
a1400Sir Perc. 50 Wolde he none forsake, The rede knyghte ne the blake. c1470Henry Wallace ix. 87 The Rede Reffayr thai call him [cf. 106 His cot armour is..ay off reide]. 1470–85Malory Arthur vii. xvi, The reed knyghte of the reed laundes. 1841Thackeray Chron. Drum ii. xii, He had fought the red English, he said, In many a battle of Spain. 1886[see red soldier in 19].
7. a. Of the face, or of persons in respect of it: Temporarily suffused with blood, esp. as the result of some sudden feeling or emotion; flushed or blushing with (anger, shame, etc.); esp. in phr. red face, a sign of embarrassment or shame.
c1205Lay. 29597 For þan ilke dede heo habbeð neb rede. c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 811 (867) He was hit, and wax al red for shame. c1386― Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 542 For shame of hym my chekes wexen rede. c1450Holland Howlat 816 The dene rurale worthit reid, Stawe for schame of the steid. 1450–80tr. Secreta Secret. 38 His visage wexith reed.., and the teeres fallen in his eyene whan thou blamyst him. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 35 She red, and hot, as coles of glowing fier, He red for shame. 1611― Wint. T. iv. iv. 54 Addresse your selfe to entertaine them sprightly, And let's be red with mirth. 1653Milton Ps. vi. 22 Mine enemies shall..then grow red with shame. 1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! ii, The churchwardens..bustled themselves hot, and red, and frantic. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xiv. (1878) 295 Tom's face was as red with delight, as his sister's had been with anger. 1937Partridge Dict. Slang 692/1 Red face (or neck), have a, to be ashamed. 1973Listener 14 June 786/1 Mediterranean weather caused red faces among long-range weather⁓men who had to confess they'd got June wrong so far. 1977Listener 30 June 865/1 The celebrated Samuel Palmer fakes..that have left so many red faces in the world of fine art. 1980B. Parvin Death in Past v. 30 She..grabbed me and said: ‘It's true—I'm going to have a baby!’ Was my face red! 1981L. Deighton XPD iii. 13 There was secret material..[that] would have caused a few red faces here in Whitehall.
transf.1820L. Hunt Indicator No. 14 (1822) I. 112 Millions of times did the sense of the impotence of his wish run up in red hurry to his cheeks.
b. Exceptionally high in colour.
1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 229 Tho that haue the face somewhate ruddy..Tho that have the chekys al reede as thay were dronken. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour L ij b, He..was reed as a cok and had a good lyuynge colour. 1577Harrison England in Holinshed I. 85/2 Tyll they be read as cockes. and litle wyser then their combes. 1689Hickeringill Ceremony-Monger Concl. iii. Wks. 1716 II. 472 The Lazy Fat Prebend and Ceremony-Monger..is as Red in the Gills as a Turkey-cock, or his Scarlet-hood.
8. a. Stained or covered with blood. Used absol., and const. with († or of) blood, gore, etc.
[a1225Ancr. R. 402 Ȝe hit schulen makien of reades monnes blode; þet is Jesu Crist i-readed mid his owune blode oðe rode.] a1300Cursor M. 20075 Mi fete, mi hend, o blod er red. 1375Barbour Bruce ii. 361 The gres woux off the blud all rede. c1450Mirour Saluacioun 1616 Y⊇ stretes of Jerusalem with thaire blode made he rede. c1500Melusine 352 The grounde was there soone dyed rede with grete effusyon of blood. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iii. i. 109 Wauing our red Weapons o're our heads, Let's all cry Peace, Freedome, and Liberty. 1738Gray Propertius iii. 46 Sad Philippi, red with Roman Gore. 1796Scott Will. & Helen 211 The scourge is red, the spur drops blood. 1808― Marm. vi. xxxiv, To tell red Flodden's dismal tale. 1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! ix, The Fort del Oro was a red shamble. 1893F. Adams New Egypt 17 The Ptolemies quenched more than one savage insurrection with red hands.
fig.1813Coleridge Sibyl. Leaves, Night Scene 65, I swore to her that were she red with guilt, I would exchange my unblenched state with hers.
transf.1816Byron Ch. Har. iii. xxviii, Rider and horse—friend, foe—in one red burial blent. 1894G. Meredith Lord Ormont xxv, The dull red facts [of the duel] had to be disengaged from his manner of speech.
b. Shedding blood.
1806G. Galloway Poems 23 Adieu to New Year's din and quarrel, Base chat, red blows. 1882G. Macdonald Castle Warlock xxix, It cam o' bluid-guiltiness—for 'at he had liftit the reid han' again' his neibour.
c. Of meat: Full of, coloured with, blood. See also red meat, sense 19 a.
1837M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II. 109 The cow-calf is whiter veal: but the bull-calf, although redder, is better meat.
d. Consisting of blood.
1816Byron Ch. Har. iii. xvii, How that red rain hath made the harvest grow.
9. a. Marked or characterized by blood or fire, or by violence suggestive of these. (In later quots. with implication of b.)
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1142 It [the sword] was rede deþ icluped & mid riȝte. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 889 Ye shal be deed by myghty Mars the rede. 1631Chettle Hoffman i. C iv, Till red reuenge in robes of fire, and madding mischiefe runne and raue. Ibid. H iij, The heate Of our sad torment, and red sufferings. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 174 What if..from above Should intermitted vengeance Arme again His red right hand to plague us? 1729Savage Wanderer iv, Red Massacres thro' their Republic fly. 1781Cowper Truth 278 Justice..Drops the red vengeance from his willing hand. 1812Byron Ch. Har. i. xxxviii, Red Battle stamps his foot and nations feel the shock. 1850Tennyson In Mem. cxxvii, Tho' thrice again The red fool-fury of the Seine Should pile her barricades with dead.
transf.1851Mayne Reid Scalp Hunt. xvii. 115 You have heard the stories of the mountain men in all their red exaggeration. 1859Jephson Brittany xvi. 265 Happy news to the Bretons! and red maledictions to the French!
b. Anarchistic, revolutionary. Also, Bolshevik, communist; freq. spec. of or pertaining to the U.S.S.R.; red revolution, a socialist or communist revolution.
Referring originally to the colour of a party badge, but now frequently associated with prec.
1848, etc. [see Red Republic]. [ 1849Tait's Mag. XVI. 402/2 Germany itself is red with Socialism and a desire for Republicanism.] 1864Spectator 16 Apr. 443/2 England is not Red..but she does sympathise heartily with Garibaldi's immediate ends. 1883Pall Mall G. 2 Feb. 1/2 The Dynamitards have not secured the return of a single deputy even for the ‘reddest’ constituency in France. 1917[see Red Guard 1 a]. 1919Times 7 Oct. 4/3 That I was prepared to create a Red Revolution in England..is something which I have never said. 1920Blackw. Mag. Sept. 404/2 The Red Government, still bent upon the destruction of Europe, was..recognised. 1924R. Macaulay Orphan Island xix. 252 It is mainly a catalogue of grievances, together with rousing addresses... ‘What we call Red journalism.’ 1926Brit. Gaz. 12 May 3/6 After an attempt to hold a ‘Red’ Meeting in Edgware-road, a crowd of about 2,000 people was said to have collected and arrests were made by the police. 1927W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 85 The spread of the Bolshevistic propaganda has led to the fear, lest Labour should go red. 1929J. Buchan Courts of Morning i. 129 The Scotsman had become their special intimate... Judson, who seemed to have known him before, called him Red Geordie. 1934Discovery Feb. 55/2 All along that frontier, every three hundred yards, there are Red soldiers with rifle and machine-gun. 1940W. Empson Gathering Storm 49 Revolt and mercy fired no sparks In the Red argument at all. 1948E. B. White Let. 24 Jan. (1976) 290 My desk got so deep in Red literature that I had to fumigate myself every night before going home. 1951Sun (Baltimore) 19 June 7/1 Count Wolf von Westarp, co-founder of the band of neo-Nazis,..has indignantly denied any Red ties. 1958Spectator 6 June 723/2 There are still hundreds of writers in gaol all over the Red Empire, not to mention Franco's or Salazar's prisons. 1965B. Pearce tr. Preobrazhensky's New Econ. 189 The red managers, proletarian engineers, and business executives have no monopoly of the means of production. 1970M. O'Brine Crambo lii. 193 He is still a Red Navy man. He has the right to be buried at sea. 1972D. Bloodworth Any Number can Play ii. 9 He infuriated the communists because he ran too just and egalitarian a kingdom to suit the sacred cause of red revolution. 1976G. Mansell Why External Broadcasting? 18 Other totalitarianisms, whether of the red or the black variety. 1981Times 3 Mar. 13/2 Anything is better than the horrors of nuclear war..better red than dead. 1981Time Out 24–30 Apr. 7/4 Rosenthal and her fellow-candidates will be..hoping that Sir Horace Cutler's deepest fears of a ‘red’ London are realized.
10. Heated to redness; red-hot, glowing.
a1225Ancr. R. 356 Ne kumeð non into Parais bute þuruh þisse leitinde sweorde, þet was hot & read. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xix. (Christopher) 550 Þane gert þe kinge ane helme tak & in þe fyre It red al mak. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 235 Twoo firy dartes as the gledes rede. 1430–40Lydg. Bochas ix. xxxii. (1558) 33 b, As I haue tolde, in coles rede His hande he brent for loue of his cite. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxvi. 87 They wer full strenge of countenance, Lyk turkass birnand reid. 1605Shakes. Lear iii. vi. 16 To haue a thousand with red burning spits Come hizzing in vpon 'em. 1684J. Peter Siege Vienna 108 Bellows for Red Bullets. 1741tr. Cramer's Assaying 20 Filings of Iron..being presently made red in the Crucible. 1784Cowper Task iv. 289 A waking dream of houses, towers{ddd}expressed In the red cinders. 1868Joynson Metals 117 Scales that fall from the red iron hammered at the blacksmith's anvil.
11. Of the eyes: (a) Naturally of a red colour. (b) Bloodshot. (c) Inflamed, esp. with weeping.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 304 Runischly his rede yȝen he reled aboute. c1550Lloyd Treas. Health H v b, To haue his mouth open with reed eyes. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iii. ii. 120 Poore soule, his eyes are red as fire with weeping. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 460 The eies of a Lyon are red, fiery, and hollow. 1676Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. 313 In the beginning the Eyes look red. 1729Savage Wanderer 11, Death in her Hand, and Frenzy in her Eye! Her Eye all red, and sunk! 1788Cowper Death Bullfinch i, Ye Nymphs if e'er your eyes were red With tears. 1813Scott Rokeby iii. vi, The snake..Watches with red and glistening eye. 1823Byron Juan viii. cxix, Their bloodshot eyes all red with strife. 1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! xx, Amyas was pacing the deck,..his eyes red with rage and weeping.
II. In combinations.
12. a. With substantives, forming attributive compounds as red-brick (floor), red-leather (trunk), etc.
1915J. London Let. 5 Nov. (1966) 463, I go ahead content to be admired for my *red-blood brutality. 1925V. Woolf Common Reader 262 The high-brow public and the red-blood public. 1943Wyndham Lewis Let. 8 Aug. (1963) 360 The vulgarly red-blood American attitude (the lady and gentlemen complex). 1976A. J. Russell Pour Hemlock (1979) ii. 19 I'm not their kind of people... This is a Redblood administration, I'm a Mollycoddle.
1835Willis Pencillings I. xi. 83 We obeyed the call of our *red-bonnet guide.
1841Lever C. O'Malley iii. 19 It's a *red-breeches day, Master Charles.
1918D. H. Lawrence New Poems 15 As it guards the wild north cloud-coasts, *red-fire seas runnning through The rocks.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1817 Ho raȝt hym a riche rynk of *red golde werkez. 1550Lyndesay Sqr. Meldrum 8 Hir hair was like the reid gold wyre.
1767Cowper Let. to J. Hill 14 May, I was once the happy owner of a *red-leather trunk.
1913D. H. Lawrence Love Poems & Others 33 The subtle, steady rush..of advancing God..Is heard..In the tapping haste of a fallen leaf, In the flapping of *red-roof smoke.
1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 110 Leading him prisoner in a *red-rose chaine. c1610Women Saints 151 Being rinsed in her owne red rose bloud. 1895W. B. Yeats Poems 234 The red-rose-bordered hem. 1942W. Stevens Notes toward Supreme Fiction 36 The channel slots of rain, the red-rose⁓red.
1837Thackeray Ravenswing i, The little *red-silk cottage piano.
1870Morris Earthly Par. iv. 52 The *red-throat jay screamed not for nought.
1754Bartlet Gentl. Farriery (ed. 2) 243 Apply..a poultice with *red wine lees. 1877E. S. Dallas Kettner's Bk. of Table 376 Matelote Relish, small onions and mushrooms in a red-wine sauce. Ibid. 483 It is difficult to procure the mild red-wine vinegar in London. 1943E. M. Almedingen Frossia iv. 192 A nice plump partridge, red wine sauce, and cranberry jelly. 1971Vogue 15 Sept. 125/2, I had chicken in red wine sauce with mushrooms and bacon.
b. In specific names or designations, chiefly of animals, birds, and trees, as red-bar parrot, red-bead snake, etc. (see quots.); red-bead tree, a leguminous timber-tree, Ormosia dasycarpa (also called bead-tree and necklace-tree), having red bead-like seeds; red-bead vine, the coral-bead plant, Abrus precatorius (see coral n.1 9); red-bean tree, a species of Erythrina (cf. coral-bean); red-ink plant, the Virginian pokeweed, Phytolacca decandra. See also red-coat, -heart, -top, -wing.
1811Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 510 *Red-Bar Parrot. Psittacus signatus... It is said to be a native of Brazil.
1802Ibid. III. ii. 502 *Red Bead Snake. Coluber Guttatus... A native of Carolina.
1756P. Browne Jamaica 298 The *Red-Bead Tree. The seeds are pretty large, and well marked with a proportioned black spot.
Ibid. 297 *Red-Bead Vine. The seeds are of a very beautiful scarlet colour with a black spot on one side.
Ibid. 288 The Coral or *Red Bean Tree. The seeds of this tree are of a beautiful red colour.
1820Rafinesque in Smithson. Coll. XIII. (1877) ix. i. 28 *Red-belly Shiner, Luxilus Erythrogaster.
1897Westm. Gaz. 12 May 10/1 Chang is a *red-button mandarin.
1840Hereman Gardener's Lib. II. 186 Graphiphora Festiva, Primrose Moth... *Red Clay Moth.
1703W. Dampier Voy. (1729) III. 430 *Red-dye Bark. Because it's used in dying that Colour.
1866Treas. Bot. 885/2 Its dark purplish berries..contain a purplish-red juice somewhat resembling red ink, and hence it is sometimes called the *Red-ink Plant.
1880O. S. Wilson Larvæ Brit. Lepidopt. 266 Orthosia lota, Linn. The *Red Line Quaker.
1840Hereman Gardener's Lib. II. 165 Orgya Antiqua, Common Vapourer Moth... *Red Spot Tussock.
c1830Glouc. Farm Rep. 11 in Lib. Usef. Knowl., Husb. III, The *red-straw-lammas is the kind [of wheat] that is always sown upon this farm.
1802Shaw Gen. Zool. III. i. 242 *Red-Throat Lizard. Laceria Bullaris.
13. Prefixed to the names of other colours, forming compound adjs. or ns., as red-black, red-brown, red-fallow, red-gold, red-golden, red-orange, red-pink, red-purple, red-rose, red-white, red-yellow, etc.
1824Shaw Gen. Zool. XII. i. 174 Edged with red..and tipped with a small border of *red-ash.
1910Westm. Gaz. 25 Jan. 5/2 The material employed is the finest *red-black rubber. 1975R. H. Rimmer Premar Experiments ii. 174 Even before I touched her, her nipples were engorged, red-black and demanding.
1676Cotton Angler ii. vii, The hair..turns to a *red brown. 1785Burns Ep. Simpson x, Her moors red-brown wi' heather bells. 1884Chamb. Jrnl. 3 May 273/1 The rich red-brown canvas of a gliding wherry.
c1400Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) xiv, Þe best hewe is *red falewe with a blacke mosel.
1607E. Topsell Four-footed Beasts 661 This beast is of *red-gold-colour. 1871Swinburne Songs before Sunrise 237 Till the red-gold harvest-rows, Full-grown, are full of the light. 1896M. Beaumont Joan Seton 112 The diadem of her hair shining red-gold in the light. 1923D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers 98, I have..seen..His red-gold, water-precious, mirror-flat bright eye. 1973J. Cleary Ransom i. 21 She was..beautiful, with that red-gold hair that was a sensation on colour television.
1962I. Murdoch Unofficial Rose 12 Her *red-golden hair.
1879O. N. Rood Chromatics 45 All the *red-orange hues are represented.
1880E. Glaister Needlework ix. 101 If the flowers be another colour than yellow, say *red-pink, or blue, the darning may be the same colour. 1951E. Paul Springtime in Paris xv. 268 The pharmacy had large old-fashioned globes of coloured liquid, red-pink like Corsican wine and transparent blue-green.
1828Dunlop in Mem. R. Astron. Soc. III. 267 A very singular star..of an uncommon *red purple colour. 1851Southern Planter (Richmond, Va.) July 197/2 Improved Red Purple Straw on corn land. 1929A. Clarke Pilgrimage & Other Poems 15 Vats of red-purple dye.
1675Lond. Gaz. No. 990/4 One *Red Roan'd Horse, having Pitch-brands on both sides of his Shoulders. Ibid. No. 1020/4 A light Red-roan Gelding. 1850Mrs. Browning Rom. Swan's Nest v, The steed shall be red-roan.
1917G. Frankau Inn of Thousand Dreams in City of Fear 26 Once more I press..Your finger-tips against these lips Your own *red-rose lips knew.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. xii. 93 b, A high topped cappe, died of *redde scarlet.
c1350Ipomadon 2398 Efte come another stede..that was *rede-sore.
a1618Sylvester Wood-Man's Bear xlv, *Red-white hils, and white-red plaines. 1920J. Masefield Enslaved 9 Little red-white blossoms flecked me.
a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 258 He had nothing on his heid bot syde *reid ȝallow hair. 1608Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. iv. Decay 101 As the fresh red-yellow Apple dangles (In Autumn) on the Tree. 1937V. Woolf Years 333 There was a red-yellow glow... The sun was sinking through the London dust.
14. Forming parasynthetic adjectives, as red-armed, red-belted, etc.
a. In general use. (See also red-bearded, -blooded, -cheeked, -coated, -eyed, -handed, etc.)
1776Mickle tr. Camoens' Lusiad 139 The awful blade Of *red-arm'd Justice.
1925F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gatsby iv. 81 A glimpse of *red-belted ocean-going ships.
1852M. Arnold Lines Kensington Gard., Those black-crowned, *red-boled pine-trees.
1922Joyce Ulysses 657 Dry them..in a long *redbordered holland cloth passed over a wooden revolving roller.
1905Westm. Gaz. 6 Sept. 6/2 There were waiting on the *red-carpeted platform..officials representing the railway company. 1922Joyce Ulysses 484 They appear on a redcarpeted staircase. 1948M. Laski Tory Heaven viii. 106 He climbs the red-carpeted steps under the gay awning. 1976N. Roberts Face of France xvi. 165 A red-carpeted dais.
1973M. Amis Rachel Papers 170 My sister, a swirl of *red-checked nightie, flew through the doorway. 1978R. Ludlum Holcroft Covenant xxiv. 277 Running across the fronts of the booths were brass rods holding red-checked curtains.
1913J. Masefield Daffodil Fields 2 Some short-grassed fields begin, *red-clayed and pleasant.
1847Emerson Poems (1857) 12 Little thinks in the field yon *red-cloaked clown Of thee. 1910W. B. Yeats Green Helmet 21 A tall red-headed red-cloaked man stands upon the threshold. 1980Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts Mar. 241/2 Max Ernst's red-cloaked, bird-masked lady in The Robing of the Bride.
1763Brit. Mag. IV. 547 The *red-clock'd stocking trims the brawny leg.
1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 6 Then waxeth hys skin *rede colored also. 1719London & Wise Compl. Gard'ner 67 It's pretty red colour'd. 1800Herschel in Phil. Trans. XC. 513 Red-coloured or red-making rays. 1942S. Spender Life & Poet 12 Since we believe socialism to be just, novels should preach socialism and see everything through red-coloured spectacles.
1570J. Phillip Friendly Larum in Farr S.P. Eliz. (Parker Soc.) II. 526 Some wish the *redcombde bird might crow. 1833Tennyson Poems 104 Lest the redcombed dragon slumber.
1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. iii, He turned into a *red-curtained tavern.
1900W. B. Yeats Shadowy Waters 46 A *red-eared hound follows a hornless deer.
1881O. Wilde Poems 80 The dusky *red-eaved sheds.
1918G. Frankau Judgement of Valhalla 6 (title) The song of the *red-edged steel. 1922Joyce Ulysses 221 Father Conmee..took his rededged breviary out. 1942E. Sitwell Street Songs 7 Man's threatening shadow Red-edged by the sun like Cain, has a changing shape. 1965G. McInnes Road to Gundagai xiii. 239 The navy blue red-edged flag.
1892D. Sladen Japs at Home (ed. 2) xxvi. 283 While in the distance looms the harbour of Yokohama, full of the mighty *red-ensigned steamers of the England he pined for night and day.
1657W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life Peiresc II. 152 My name I have from my *red-feathered coat.
1870Morris Earthly Par. I. i. 313 Seeing..The *red-finned fishes o'er the gravel play.
1697Congreve Mourn. Bride iv. vii, What mean those swollen and *red-fleck'd eyes?
a1915Joyce Giacomo Joyce (1968) 16 Poised on its edge a woman's hat, *red-flowered.
1932Blunden Face of England 66 Where the sheep's parsley tops a *red-furred stem.
1838M. Howitt Birds & Flowers, Ivy-bush iv, The *red-gemmed holly.
1594Marlowe & Nashe Dido iv. v, A silver stream, Where thou shalt see the *red-gill'd fishes leap.
1803Southey Eclogues, Alderman's Funeral 15 One of the *red-gown'd worthies of the city.
1863Geo. Eliot Romola I. xiii. 222 The boy-cardinal Giovanni de Medici, youngest of the *red-hatted fathers. 1894Froude Erasmus 86 A red-hatted lackey of the Holy See. 1918A. Bennett Pretty Lady x. 52 The young red-hatted officer. 1930Blunden Poems 185 Where the red-hatted cranks Have fixed a portcullis With notice⁓board—thanks!
1922Joyce Ulysses 95 The *redlabelled bottle on the table.
1603Heywood Wom. killed ii. iii, The *red-leaved table of my heart.
1882G. Macdonald Castle Warlock xxix, The eye⁓brows over his *red-lidded blue eyes.
1819Keats Fancy 13 Autumn's *red-lipped fruitage too. 1881O. Wilde Poems 70 An amorous red-lipped boy.
1611Shakes. Wint. T. ii. ii. 34 Let my tongue..neuer to my *red-look'd Anger bee The Trumpet any more.
1913Kipling Songs from Books 239 And *red-mouthed shadows racing By, that thrust me from my food. 1934Dylan Thomas Let. c 26 May (1966) 133 I've wasted some of my tremendous love for you on a lank, redmouthed girl with a reputation like a hell.
1849Alison Hist. Europe (ed. 2) VIII. xlix. §23. 26 The *red-plumed dragoons of Floyd.
1653H. More Antid. Ath. (1662) 73 The *red-puggered attire of the Turkey.
1855Tennyson Maud i. i. i, The *red-ribbed ledges drip with a silent horror of blood.
1916Joyce Portrait of Artist (1969) 252, I fear his *redrimmed horny eyes. 1962I. Murdoch Unofficial Rose xii. 115 The red-rimmed eyes. 1977P. Hill Liars vii. 91 Her eyes were red-rimmed, as if she had been crying.
1857Thornbury Songs Cav. & Roundh. 184 Through the silent, *red-roofed town.
1790Burns Tam o' Shanter 135 Five tomahawks wi' blude *red-rusted.
1611Cotgr., Rason, a delicate *red-skaled fish. 1647H. More Song of Soul iii. iii. xliii, Red-scaled Dragons with deep burning light In their hollow eye-pits.
1535in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 208 A *red scoryd cow.
1930Blunden Poems 134 The *red-screened windows of schoolhouse and inn. 1955E. Pound Classic Anthol. ii. 94 Fang Shu's black-dappled team of four Drew his red-screen'd car to the war.
1848Thoreau Maine W. (1894) 90 A *red-shirted or green-jacketed mountaineer.
1852M. Arnold Empedocles 11, The *red-snooded Phrygian girls.
1880G. Meredith Tragic Com. (1881) 299 An immediate death-dealer who stood against *red-streaked heavens.
1865–6W. Whitman Sequel to Drum-Taps 19 The *red-striped artilleryman.
1940Blunden Poems 1930–40 209 He..damned, at each pause, *red-tabbed Brigade, Whose orders for grimness more than the frost-spell made us shiver. 1948W. Fortescue Beauty for Ashes xxvii. 207, I accosted a red-tabbed English officer who directed me to it at once. 1977J. Cleary High Road to China iv. 107 Johnny Silversmith, red-faced and red-tabbed, came to our table.
c1612W. Strachey Hist. Travaile (1849) 63 A kind of arsenick stone, like..*red tempered oyntments of earth.
1911G. K. Chesterton Innocence of Father Brown iv. 105 The *red-tied youth. 1960D. Potter Glittering Coffin iii. 38 Red-tied adolescent poets.
1844Thackeray Little Trav. iii, Little old-fashioned, dumpy, whitewashed, *red-tiled houses. 1977H. Osborne White Poppy viii. 69 An iron bedstead on a red-tiled floor.
1881O. Wilde Poems 178 The *red-toothed lightning. 1925Blunden Eng. Poems 123 Through red-toothed nettles.
1721Amherst Terræ Fil. No. 46 (1754) 246 A kick..from a *red-topt shoe.
1859Hawthorne Marb. Faun (1878) I. xii. 128 The *red-trousered French soldiers.
1877C. Patmore Unknown Eros xi. 51 He had put, within his reach, A box of counters and a *red-vein'd stone. 1907Daily Chron. 18 Mar. 6/2 His face is clear, with the red-veined cheeks of a sailor. 1956R. Finlayson in C. K. Stead N.Z. Short Stories (1966) 22 He was a thickset florid man with a red-veined nose.
1859Cornwallis New World I. 165 The clarion note was sounded from some *red-wattled throat.
b. In the distinctive names of species or varieties of birds, fishes, moths, etc. (See also red-backed, -bellied, -billed, -breasted, etc.)
1781Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. i. 300 *Red-banded Parrot... On the forehead, from one eye to the other, is a band of red... Inhabits St. Domingo.
1758G. Edwards Glean. Nat. Hist. I. 58 The *Red-beaked Toucan. 1857Livingstone Trav. 613 He put his arm into the hole, and brought out a Tockus or red-beaked hornbill [Toccus erythrorhyncus].
1705Petiver in Phil. Trans. XXIV. 1953 The *red Beam'd Jamaica Muscle... The dead shells are white and shining, the others have red beams, which shoot from the hinge and are broader at the edges.
1880O. S. Wilson Larvæ Brit. Lepidopt. 39 Sesia myopiformis, Bork. The *Red-belted Clearwing. Sesia culiciformis, Linn. The Large Red-belted Clearwing.
1705Petiver in Phil. Trans. XXIV. 1952 The *red-blotted Carolina Crab.
1752J. Hill Hist. Anim. 27 The great *red-bodied Spider, with the white cross. 1840Hereman Gardener's Lib. II. 168 Megachile Ligniseca. Carpenter Bee... Red-bodied Bee.—Red Carpenter Bee.
1837Gould Birds Europe IV. Pl. 299 *Red-chested Dotterel... Charadrius pyrrhothorax.
1810Wilson Amer. Ornith. II. 103 *Red-Cockaded Woodpecker, Picus Querulus.
1837Gould Birds Europe II. Pl. 52 *Red-Collared Goatsucker... Caprimulgus ruficollis.
1785Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds III. ii. 554 *Red-Crested Duck. 1824Shaw Gen. Zool. XII. ii. 188 Red-crested Pochard (Fuligula rufina). 1894Newton Dict. Birds 736 The White-eyed or Castaneous Duck,..and the Red-crested Duck, Nyroca rufina.
1776P. Browne Illustr. Zool. 30 *Red-Crowned Barbet. 1812Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 523 Red-crowned Parrot, Psittacus galeatus. Ibid. IX. ii. 446 Red-Crowned Finch (Fringilla ruticapilla).
1781Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. i. 123 *Red-eared owl, Strix Asio (Linn.). 1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 57 Red-eared Monkey (C. erythrotis)... From Fernando Po. 1848Gould Birds Australia III. Pl. 79 Estrelda oculea..Red-eared Finch. 1937Jrnl. Tennessee Acad. Sci. XII. 45 (caption) The Red-Eared Sunfish. Only the males have the red tip on the opercular flap. 1952A. Carr Handbk. Turtles U.S. & Canada ii. 251 The red-eared turtle can usually be recognized..by the long, oval expansion of the broad supra temporal stripe, which is usually bright red.
1803Shaw Gen. Zool. IV. ii. 413 *Red-Finned Sparus. Sparus Erythropterus... Native of Japan. 1882Day Fishes Gt. Brit. II. 210 Red-finned herrings are known as wine-drinkers in Scotland.
1781Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. i. 308 *Red-fronted Parrot... Inhabits Brasil. 1815Shaw Gen. Zool. IX. i. 31 Red-fronted Barbet (Bucco rufifrons). 1817Ibid. X. i. 91 Red-Fronted Swallow. Hirundo rufifrons.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. iv. i. 12 Kill me a *red hipt humble-Bee.
1812Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 466 *Red-Hooded Parrakeet. Psittacus capitatus.
1809Ibid. VII. i. 229 *Red-Horned Owl, Strix Asio.
1713Petiver Aquat. Anim. Amb. 3/1 *Red Knobbed Trumpet [shell].
1910, etc. *Red-lipped snake [see herald n. 5].
1729in Dampier's Voy. (ed. 3) III. 415 The *Red-listed Pearch..has large silver Scales with a scarlet Gloss.
1752J. Hill Hist. Anim. 133 The *red-mouthed Buccinum, with the clavicle erect.
1787Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds Suppl. 66 *Red-naped Parrakeet. 1812Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 543 Red-Naped Parrot, Psittacus nuchalis.
1831Wilson, etc. Amer. Ornith. IV. 245 *Red-Shafted Woodpecker. Colaptes Mexicanus. 1888[see flicker n.4].
1812Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 490 *Red-Sided Parrot. Psittacus lateralis.
1860Gosse Brit. Sea-Anemones 198 The *Red-specked Pimplet, Banodes Ballii.
1752J. Hill Hist. Anim. 127 The black, *red-streaked, and spotted Nerite. 1898Morris Austral Engl. 385/1 Red streaked Spider, or Black-and-red Spider, an Australasian spider (Latrodectus scelio).
1884–5Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) II. 194 Caloptenus femur-rubrum, the *Red-thighed Locust, is found throughout North America.
1880O. S. Wilson Larvaæ Brit. Lepidopt. 39 Sesia formiciformis, Esp. The *Red-tipped Clearwing.
1812Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 418 *Red-Topped Parrakeet. Psittacus Verticalis.
1776P. Browne Illustr. Zool. 10 *Red-Vented Cockatoo. Ibid. 78 Red-vented Warbler. 1812Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 481 Red-vented Cockatoo, Psittacus Philippinarum. 1877Nature XVI. 218/1 Three Red-vented Terrapins (Clemmys rubriventris).
1711Petiver Catal. Gazophyll. Dec. x. 11/1 *Red-Waved, thread-girdled Heart Cockle.
c. In names of plants.
See also Cooke Handbk. Fungi (1871) for red-cracked, red-juiced, etc., in names of fungi.
1634Johnson Merc. Botan. 55 Spurre-flowred Orchis, or *Red-banded Orchis.
1611Cotgr., Rosmarin sauvage , (the *red-branched) wild Rosemarie.
1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 127 They have also a *red-ear'd bearded Wheat. 1762Mills Pract. Husb. I. 362 Their white kind of red ear'd wheat has a white ear and a red grain.
1703W. Dampier Voy. (1729) III. 446 *Red-edg'd flouring Cane.
1868Darwin Anim. & Pl. I. x. 335 The *red-fleshed orange..fails to reproduce itself.
1777Lightfoot Flora Scot. I. 262 Briar-Rose, *red-flower'd Dogs-Rose, or Hep-Tree. 1832Planting 98 in Lib. Usef. Knowl., Husb. III, Red-flowered Bucks⁓eye-tree, Pavia rubra. 1866Treas. Bot. 853/2 P[avia] rubra, often called Red-flowered Horse-chestnut.
1846J. W. Loudon Brit. Wild Flowers 135 The *Red-Fruited Bramble. Ibid. 143 The Red-Fruited Dwarf Rose.
1825J. Neal Bro. Jonathan III. 420 The *red-hearted, or upland beech.
1597Gerarde Herbal 84 *Red leafed Cow Wheate. 1819Warden United States II. 522 Andromeda, red leaved. 1911E. Pound Canzoni 1 Ah! red-leafed time hath driven out the rose. 1923Blunden To Nature 47 There shone the Ancre, red-leafed woods above it.
1763Mills Pract. Husb. III. 183 The *red rooted potatoes have purplish flowers. 1766Complete Farmer s.v. Turnip, The red rooted turnip was formerly more cultivated in England than at present.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Wall-Moss, The *red-stalked, transparent, grassy-leaved Bryum. 1764Museum Rust. III. 321 Five coomb of seed red-stalked wheat.
1866Sowerby Eng. Bot. V. 69 Filago Apiculata... *Red-tipped Cudweed.
1763Mills Pract. Husb. III. 151 The *red or purple topped, and the large green topped turnips. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 640 The red-topped [turnip]..is apt soon to become stringy.
1832Planting 29 in Lib. Usef. Knowl., Husb. III, *Red twigged Lime tree, Tilia Europ. corallina.
Ibid. 105 *Red-veined Ash-tree, Fraxinus rubicunda. 1878Hogg & Johnson Wild Fl. Gt. Brit. X. Pl. 797 Rumex Sanguineus, Red-veined Dock.
1842Loudon Encycl. Trees & Shrubs 174 Rhamnus Erythoxylon..The *red-wooded Buckthorn.
15. a. With pa. pples., as red-clad, red-dabbled, red-decked, red-dyed, red-flushed, red-gilded, red-lined (see also red-line v.), red-lit, red-litten, red-painted, red-plowed, red-polished, red-struck, red-washed, red-written. Also red-wet (shod).
1871J. Miller Songs Italy (1878) 36 The *red-clad fishers row and creep Below the crags.
1857Thornbury Songs Cav. & Roundh. 4 Remember Edge-hill and the *red-dabbled mire.
1923D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers 66 *Red-decked socialists, Hibiscus-breasted.
1632Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry iv. iv, I, in your case, put on a scarlet robe Of *red-died cruelty.
1871W. Whitman Passage to India 18 The *red-flush'd cheeks, and perfumes. 1943V. Woolf Haunted House 124 The red-flushed clouds.
1949E. Pound Pisan Cantos lxxix. 77 The mountain forest is full of light The tree-comb *red-gilded.
1849D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yd. (1855) 242 Opening his *red-lined throat to its utmost extent. 1921W. de la Mare Crossings 31 Unlocks the trunk and pushes back its red-lined lid.
1930R. Campbell Gum Trees, Along the *red-lit rim of space In lofty cadences they rhyme.
1839Poe Fall House of Usher Wks. 1864 I. 301 Travellers..Through the *red-litten windows see Vast forms. 1891G. F. X. Griffith tr. Fouard's Christ I. 259 The red-litten peaks.
a1843Southey Comm.-pl. Bk. (1849) II. 566 The *Red-painted Hatchet of War.
1884Tennyson Early Spring 3 The Heavenly Power..domes the *red-plow'd hills With loving blue.
1934V. G. Childe New Light Most Anc. East iv. 89 Household vessels, always the most sensitive indicator of ethnic change, are radically altered. Though Black-topped and *Red-polished ware continue to be manufactured they are no longer the vehicle for new shapes. 1977Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXV. 476/2 The most important items found in the tombs of Kotchati and acquired by the Cyprus Museum are two clay (Red Polished ware) models of sanctuaries.
1923D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers 82 Since the Lamb bewitched him with that *red-struck flag His fortress is dismantled.
1932Blunden Face of England 50 *Red-washed cottages.
1785Burns Ep. Simpson xi, Still pressing onward *red-wat shod. 1820Blackw. Mag. July 384/2 The hand of her kindred has been red-wat in the heart's blude o' my name.
1871Browning Balaustion 1701 To read *red-written up and down The world [etc.].
b. With pres. pples, in complemental use, as red-branching, red-burning, red-flowering, red-gleaming, red-glowing, red-hissing, red-panting, red-ripening, red-streaming, red-swelling. Also objective, as red-making.
1729Savage Wanderer 1, There lies..the ripening Diamond's Ray, And thence *red-branching Coral's rent away.
1625B. Jonson Staple of N. iv. iv, Throw away Her bounties, as they were *red-burning coals.
1816Warden Descr. Columbia 166 Maple (*red flowering). Acerrubrum. 1864Sowerby Eng. Bot. II. 129 Spergularia Rubra... Red-flowering Field Spurrey. 1889J. H. Maiden Usef. Native Plants 471 This rugged-barked variety (Victorian Ironbark) must not be confused with the Red-flowering Ironbark (E. Sideroxylon) of New South Wales.
1855Morris in Mackail Life (1899) I. 50 Under the *red-gleaming moonlight.
1936R. Campbell Mithraic Emblems 24 A sombre grape, whose heart, *Red-glowing to the hilted dart, Seems a lit furnace that he fans.
1697Congreve Mourn. Bride ii. x, And wrench the Bolt *red-hissing from the Hand Of him that thunders. 1715–20Pope Iliad xiv. 482 The bolt, red-hissing from above.
1704Newton Optics (ed. 3) 168 The homogeneal Light and Rays which appear red, or rather make objects appear so, I call Rubrific or *Red-making. 1797Brougham in Phil. Trans. LXXXVII. 359 If IF fi be changed to a red-making beam [etc.].
1922Joyce Ulysses 47 Unheeded he kept by them.., a rag of wolf's tongue *redpanting from his jaws.
1729Savage Wanderer v, The native Strawberry *red-ripening grows.
1823Mrs. Hemans Vespers of Palermo ii. iv, The partial glare Of the *red-streaming lava.
1729Savage Wanderer v, He rolls *red-swelling, tearful Eyes around.
III. In special applications.
16. a. As a distinctive epithet of things in which the colour forms a natural or obvious mark of kind or class.
c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 149/8 Ceraunie, reade winberiᵹe. a1300Cursor M. 4678 Depe selers..he fild wit wines, quite and red. 1387–8T. Usk Test. Love Prol. (Skeat) l. 15 Some..painten with colours riche..as with red inke. c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 199 Closed wyþynne þe ere wyþ red wax. Ibid. 227 Þen seþ hem wel in red eysel. 1483Cath. Angl. 301/2 Rede grapes, elbee. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §142 Parchmente, reedwax, pommes, bokes. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 143 The white and red Muskedine, one of the most famous Wines in Italy. 1849Herschel Outl. Astron. §851 Many of the red stars are variable. 1851Carpenter Man. Physiol. (ed. 2) 311 The blood of Invertebrated animals, from which the red corpuscles are almost or altogether absent.
b. Applied to various diseases marked by evacuation of blood or cutaneous eruptions.
a1400–50Stockh. Med. MS. 152 For þe reed flyx. 1417Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 318 De quibus [agnis] in morina lxij, in quodam morbo voc.le redeyll. 1447[see flux n. 1]. 1493Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 114 b, Cryst..heled Martha her syster of the reed fluxe. 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 6 If y⊇ waking come of y⊇ rede colera, then waxeth hys skin rede colored also. 1563[see lepry]. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. ii. i. 20 A red Murren o' thy Iades tricks. 1610― Temp. i. ii. 364 The red-plague rid you For learning me your language. 1664Meth. Chem. Philos. & Physick 242 These are the signs of the red Lepry. 1845Youatt Dog (1858) 368 In red mange the whole integument is in a state of acute inflammation. 1878Times 26 Dec., ‘Soldier disease or red disease’ are names given to any affection in swine accompanied by general or patchy redness of the skin.
c. red bogs, one of the chief classes of bogs in Ireland (see quot. 1846).
1685W. King in Phil. Trans. XV. 955 Every red Bog has about it a deep marshy sloughy ground, which they call the bounds of the Bog. 1737Dublin Soc. Weekly Obs. No. 19 (1739) I. 122 The Crop I mean is Hops; and the Bogs in which I have reared them with most Success, the worst and most useless of all others—the red Bogs. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 347 The colour of the matter of which they are composed is, for the most part, reddish, whence they are usually called red bogs. Exclusive of the red or flat bogs [etc.].
d. red squadron, one of the three squadrons into which the Royal Navy was formerly divided.
1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3835/3 Sir John Munden, Rear-Admiral of the Red-Squadron. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780) s.v. Fleet, The ships of the red squadron wear an ensign, whose union is displayed on a red field. 1802Naval Chron. VIII. 223 note, The English do not wear the red flag at the main... The distinguishing flag of the red squadron has ever been the Union or flag of the Lord High Admiral. 1891Hulme Heraldry (1897) 262 Until 1864, Great Britain had admirals, and vice and rear-admirals, of the red, white, and blue squadrons.
e. Applied to hearts and diamonds in a pack of cards.
1764Suppl. Treat. Quadrille 27 A Reflection on the Difference in playing the same Hands, in Black and in Red Suits. 1908R. F. Foster Auction Bridge 50 Here is an example of a hand which is not a good red declaration. 1910W. Dalton ‘Saturday’ Bridge vii. 100 Doubling an original red-suit declaration cannot be recommended on anything very short of a certainty. 1973Times 29 Sept. 11/7 He needed to find both red aces on the left... His game bid was against the odds.
f. Applied to the representation of British territories on maps: see sense 1 e of the n.
1916J. Buchan Greenmantle iv. 52 You see that map... South Africa is coloured green. Not red for the English, or yellow for the Germans. 1934A. Huxley Beyond Mexique Bay 36 The non-existent young lady in fancy dress would be mortally offended by the suggestion that the place [sc. British Honduras] should be painted anything but red on the map. 1964Critical Q. Winter 320 You shook your finger at the map and said..‘Africa, I want it red.’ 1975Listener 4 Sept. 297/1 At the beginning of the 20th century, practically every country exporting spices was marked red on the map. 1977A. Wilson Strange Ride R. Kipling iv. 212 Rhodes arranged for Rudyard to make a visit up to the territory of Rhodesia, which he saw as the first step in his dream of an all-red British route from Cape Town to Cairo.
17. Used more or less descriptively and distinctively with the general or generic names of animals, birds, fishes, plants, and minerals.
a. Animals, as red bot, red kangaroo, red lemur, red mole, red slug, red snail (see quots.); red adder U.S., the copperhead snake; red ant, any ant of this colour, esp. (a) a common small British ant, Formica (or Myrmica) rubra; (b) the hill- or horse-ant, F. rufa; (c) the American house-ant, Monomorium pharaonis; (d) (see quot. 1872); † red antelope, (a) the steen-bok; (b) the nagor or Senegal antelope; red ant-fly (see ant-fly); red bat U.S., a common American bat; red bear-cat, the panda or wah (Cent. Dict. 1891); red buck = impala, rooibok; red bug U.S., (a) the cotton-stainer, Dysdercus suturellus; (b) = jigger n.2; red cat S. Afr. = rooikat; red crab U.S., an edible crab of the Pacific coast; red dog, the dhole, Cyon (or Cuon) alpinus; red fox, (a) the common European fox, Vulpes vulgaris; (b) the common North American fox, V. fulvus; (c) the kit-fox of N. America; red hare, (a) a variety of the common American hare; (b) a southern African hare belonging to the genus Pronolagus, distinguished by speckled buff and black fur, with reddish fur beneath the body and a red-brown tail; red hartebeest, a variety of hartebeest, Alcelaphus bucelaphus caama; red howler, a howler monkey, Alouatta seniculus, found in forested areas of South America and distinguished by long red-brown fur; red louse, the harvest bug, or harvest mite (Cent. Dict.); red lynx, the bay lynx, Felis rufa; red maggot (see maggot); red mite, (a) a blood-sucking mite, Dermanyssus gallinæ, which attacks poultry; (b) = red spider; red monkey, the patas of Western Africa; red mouse, the harvest mouse; † red orang, the orang-outang; red panda = panda 1; red river hog, a West African race of the bush pig, Potamochœrus porcus; red setter, an Irish setter belonging to the breed sometimes so called, distinguished by a long, silky, dark red coat, drooping ears, and a long feathered tail; † red snake, a Virginian species of snake (? the red adder); red squirrel, (a) a small North American squirrel, Sciurus hudsonicus, also called the chickaree; (b) the common European squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris, now relatively rare in Britain; red tiger, the cougar (Cent. Dict.); red viper, (a) a species of British viper; (b) U.S., the red adder or copperhead; red wolf, (a) a South American wolf, Canis jubatus; (b) a North American wolf, Canis rufus, native to parts of the south-western states, where it is rare; (c) a variety of the common wolf, Canis lupus. (For red admiral, arches, carpet, etc., see 19.) Also red deer, red spider, red worm.
1859Bartlett Dict. Amer. s.v. Copperhead, It has various other popular names, as Copper-belly, Red Viper, *Red adder.
1667King in Phil. Trans. II. 426 If you put Black Ants into a Bank of the *Red [ants], the Black..will not meddle with the Red, but..run away. 1747Gould Acc. Eng. Ants 11 The Red Ants are to be met with under broad Stones or other Rubbish. 1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. II. xvii. 97, I found the inhabitants of a nest of the red ant (Myrmica rubra) very busily employed. 1872Wood Insects at Home 340 The Red Ant (Formica sanguinea) is worthy of some notice, because it is one of the slave-making species.
1781Pennant Hist. Quadrup. I. 76 *Red Antelope. 1790T. Bewick Hist. Quadrup. 80 The Steen-Bok or Red Antelope of Mr. Pennant. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) IV. 146/2 The nagor, or red antelope,..inhabits Senegal and the Cape.
1812Wilson Amer. Ornith. VI. pl. 50 *Red Bat. 1884–5Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) V. 167 The Atalapha noveboracensis, or Red Bat, is perhaps the most common of the eastern American bats.
1836Penny Cycl. V. 261/1 A smaller species of bot, called from its colour the *red-bot, is occasionally found in the stomach [of the horse].
1813J. Campbell Jrnl. 30 Oct. in Trav. S. Afr. (1815) xl. 484 The following are the number of creatures killed by our people during the journey..*Redbucks..6..Rhebucks..3. 1883J. Mackenzie Day-dawn in Dark Places 97, I beheld the gnu and the zebra, the red-buck, the spring buck, and..the lechwe, or water-buck. 1965Red-buck [see impala].
1804D. McKinnen Tour Brit. W. Indies x. 171 The *red bug..has stained the cotton so much in some places this year as to render it of little or no value. 1827J. L. Williams View W. Florida 29 Red bugs are numerous, especially in mossy woods. 1856Rep. Comm. Patents 1855: Agric. (U.S.) 104 The ‘red-bugs’, or..‘cotton⁓stainers’, generally make their appearance about August. 1909Red bug [see bête rouge]. 1939Sun (Baltimore) 18 Aug. 11/2 The chiggers—‘red bugs’ to some—were terrific. 1955Sci. News Let. 16 July 42/1 Chiggers, called red bugs down South, cause the most exquisite itching.
1731G. Medley tr. Kolb's Present State Cape Good-Hope II. 127 A few that are call'd Wild *Red Cats..have a streak of bright Red running along the ridge of the back. 1781Pennant Hist. Quadrup. II. 564 Wild Red Cat. 1947Cape Times 3 May 14 Buck which used to be plentiful have been almost exterminated by wild red cats. 1966E. Palmer Plains of Camdeboo x. 180 There could have been lynx or red cats in the mountain behind us... Even in a zoo these animals are wonderful, the size of a small leopard, not spotted but brick red with jet-black pointed ears and emerald eyes.
1825C. Waterton Wanderings S. Amer. 285 Amongst the bare roots of the trees..a *red crab sometimes makes its appearance. 1887Rathbun in Goode Fisheries U.S. II. 657 The common crab (Cancer magister); the red crab (Cancer productus); the rock crab [etc.].
1862Chambers's Encycl. III. 528/2 The name Dhole is extended to some other very similar species or varieties, natives of Ceylon, Nepaul, and other parts of the East, to which the common name *Red Dogs has been sometimes applied. 1894Kipling 2nd Jungle Bk. 178 ‘What moves?’ said Phao... ‘The dhole, the dhole of the Dekkan—Red Dog, the Killer!’ 1957P. J. Darlington Zoogeogr. vi. 394 Cuon (the Dhole or Red Dog), widely distributed in southern and eastern Asia.
[1637T. Morton New Eng. Canaan ii. v. 79 The Foxes are of two coloures; the one redd, the other gray.] 1778in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1913) XLIX. 109 Sold..38 *red fox skins. 1816Warden Descr. Columbia 159 The grey and the red fox frequent this region. 1875Cope in Smithson. Coll. XIII. i. iii. 62 Our red fox (Vulpes fulvus) is nearly related to the European fox (V. vulgaris). 1917H. E. Anthony Mammals Amer. 72/2 The Red Fox mates in February or early in March. 1974Harper's & Queen Sept. 37/3 (caption) Red Fox Jacket {pstlg}450.
1844J. Backhouse Narr. Visit Mauritius & S. Afr. xxviii. 485 The *Red Hare or Roode Haas..is smaller than the Common Hare. 1879Goode Ibid. XXIII. iv. 19 Lepus Americanus, var. Washingtonii.—Red Hare.—West of Rocky Mountains from Columbia River into British Columbia. 1912J. Stevenson-Hamilton Animal Life Afr. xvi. 252 The red hare..has only recently acquired the dignity of a separate genus. 1939[see klipbok]. 1971C. M. van der Westhuizen in D. J. Potgieter et al. Animal Life S. Afr. 396/1 The red hares (Pronolagus spp.) are peculiar to Southern Africa, where they inhabit elevated and hilly country.
1947J. Stevenson-Hamilton Wild Life S. Afr. xii. 80 The Cape or *red hartebeest..is now found only in the remoter parts of the north-west of the Cape Province and portions of the deserts of Bechuanaland and South-West Africa. 1966E. Palmer Plains of Camdeboo viii. 134 The red hartebeest was almost certainly here for it was once one of the commonest antelope in the Cape. 1979Delany & Happold Ecol. Afr. Mammals vii. 152 Blue wildebeest, red hartebeest and eland..are elements of a fauna found further to the south.
1865*Red howler [see howler 1 b]. 1894H. O. Forbes Hand-bk. Primates I. 194 The Red Howlers always travel in large companies. 1958J. Carew Wild Coast viii. 109 The forest was full of noises—the roar of red howlers.
1877Nature XV. 419/1 A *Red Kangaroo (Macropus rufus), born in the Gardens.
1848Craig s.v. Red, *Red lemur, the quadrumanous animal, Lemur rubra.
1875Cope in Smithson. Coll. XIII. i. iii. 65 The *red lynx and raccoon are examples.., and several species of wood-warblers.
1894Rep. Vermont Board Agric. XIV. 176 A little kerosene on the roosts will destroy the *red mites that are so troublesome. 1912J. H. Robinson Princ. & Pract. Poultry Culture xx. 342 Red mites..secrete themselves about the roosts. 1950N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Feb. 146/3 Some vegetable crops, including beans, are liable to become severely infested with red mite. Ibid. 182/3 Infestations of body lice, red mite, and intestinal worms all weaken the birds' constitution. 1976Walters & Parker Keeping Chickens vi. 61 Red mites. These are in fact greyish in colour, about the size of a pinhead and live in cracks and joints in the woodwork of the house.
1781Pennant Hist. Quadrup. II. 487 *Red Mole..Talpa rubra Americana. 1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 80 The Red Mole of America..is more likely the Scalops canadensis.
1790T. Bewick Hist. Quadrup. 403 The Patas, or *Red Monkey. 1848Craig s.v. Red, Red or Patas monkey, the Cercopithecus ruber of Geoffroy, and Simia rubra of Linnæus.
c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 760/12 Hic roonideus, a *redmowse. 1774G. White Selborne lx, As my neighbour was housing a rick he observed that his dogs devoured all the little red mice that they could catch, but rejected the common mice.
1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 55 The Pongo..is known only to occur in Borneo where the *Red Ourang has not been ascertained to exist.
1955F. Bourlière Mammals of World vi. 184 The *Red Panda is a solitary animal. 1971L. H. Matthews Life of Mammals II. ix. 266 The red or lesser panda..inhabits parts of western China and the slopes of the Himalayas.
1781Pennant Hist. Quadrup. II. 452 *Red Rat, Mus Rutilus... Inhabits Sibiria, from the Oby eastward to Kamtschatka.
1868*Red river hog [see river n.1 6]. 1953G. M. Durrell Overloaded Ark i. 38 A fully grown pair of Red River Hogs fled... They were the most vivid orange colour with long white tufts on their ears, and a flowing mane of white hair along their backs.
[1872‘Idstone’ Dog xii. 108 The Irish Setter should be of a pure rich mahogany red.] 1885*Red setter [see setter n.1 11 a]. 1893R. B. Lee Hist. & Descr. Mod. Dogs (Sporting Div.) xvii. 343 One cannot say that the Irish red setter, the Irish terrier, and the water spaniel of Ireland, came at any recent date from one stock. 1912A. Huxley Let. 23 June (1969) i. 46 For the past week the..beautiful red setter has been ill, refusing nourishment. 1954M. K. Wilson tr. Lorenz's Man meets Dog viii. 78 A Red Setter or a dog of a similar long-haired, long-eared breed. 1977Irish Press 29 Sept. 16/2 (Advt.), Red Setter pups 6 weeks old, male and female, parents F.T.C.
1783J. Barbut Vermes 30 Limax Rufus... The *Red Slug. 1839Penny Cycl. XIII. 486/2 Arion rufus. Red Slug. Ibid., The supposed virtues of a decoction..of Red Slugs in disorders of the chest.
14..Stockh. Med. MS. in Anglia XVIII. 297 Late gadre an hep of *red[e] snayl[is] Þat crepyn aboute in reyn and haylys. c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 200 Tak þe water of þe rede sneyl. 1752J. Hill Hist. Anim. 87 Limax subrufus... The naked red Snail.
1688Clayton in Phil. Trans. XVIII. 134 There is another sort of deadly Snake, called the *Red Snake.
[1637T. Morton New Eng. Canaan ii. v. 81 There are Squirils of three sorts, very different in shape and condition; one..is red, and hee haunts our howses, and will rob us of our Corne.] 1682T. Ash Carolina 22 There are..the *Red, the Grey, the Fox and Black Squirrels. 1795Stat. Acct. Scotland XV. xxi. 439 The red squirrel..has become extremely common of late years. 1819Warden United States I. 230 The Red Squirrel, not so large as the Grey, has its name from a reddish stripe which runs along the back. 1847Audubon & Bachman Vivip. Quad. N.A. I. 129 Providence has placed much food..within reach of the Red-Squirrel during winter. 1902W. D. Hulbert Forest Neighbors 102 Other sounds there were..the scolding of the red squirrel, disturbed and angry. 1935[see grey squirrel]. 1971Country Life 17 June 1538/1 It is not within my memory when red squirrels were about in fair numbers. 1972Ecology LIII. 1142/1 Pasture juniper fruits provide winter food for red squirrels.
1828The Crypt III. 9 A serpent, known to the gamekeepers of Dorsetshire under the name of the *Red Viper,..considered to be more poisonous than the common viper, but is fortunately very rare. 1859[see red adder above].
1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 91 The *Red Wolf..From the marshes of South America. 1876Goode in Smithson. Coll. XIII. vi. 69 Red Wolf. 1942G. M. Allen Extinct & Vanishing Mammals 229 The typical form of red wolf was slightly the smallest of the three races. 1964[see grey wolf s.v. grey, gray a. 8 b]. 1969J. Fisher et al. Red Bk. 75/2 It [sc. the giant panda] appears to be without natural enemies, with the possible exception of the leopard and the red wolf. 1978B. H. Lopez Of Wolves & Men 279 My wife and I raised two hybrid red wolves.
b. Birds, as red butcher-bird, red creeper, red dunlin, red heron, red humming-bird, red oriole, red pheasant, red sandpiper, red sheldrake, red shrike, red sparrow, red wheat-ear (see quots.); red bishop (bird), an African weaver belonging to the genus Euplectes, esp. E. orix; red-chatterer, the Surinam red-bird, Ampelix carnifex; red cock, the grouse; † red coot-foot = red phalarope; red curassow, the red Peruvian hen, Crax rubra; † red curlew, the scarlet ibis; red duck, the castaneous or white-eyed duck; red falcon, † (a) an East Indian falcon, also called red Indian falcon; † (b) the female peregrine falcon when a year old; (c) the merlin; red fink, the red grenadier grosbeak, Ploceus oryx; red flammant, flamingo, the common flamingo, Phœnicopterus ruber; red godwit, the bar-tailed or black-tailed godwit, Limosa rufa or ægocephala; red goose U.S., the snow-goose (Cent. Dict. 1891); red grosbeak, the cardinal grosbeak or Virginia nightingale; red grouse (see grouse 1 b); red hawk, (a) a yearling hawk; (b) the merlin; red hoop, the bullfinch; red jungle-fowl (see jungle n. 3 b); red kite, the common kite; red knot, the sanderling and knot in summer plumage; red lark, (a) ? the meadow or water pipit; (b) the American tit-lark; red linnet, (a) the common linnet; (b) the lesser redpoll; (c) the goldfinch; red lobefoot, the red phalarope; red macaw, the red-and-blue macaw; red martin U.S., the red godwit (Cent. Dict.); red mavis U.S., the common ground thrush, Toxostoma rufum; = brown-thrasher s.v. brown a. 6; red owl, Strix asio; red partridge, the red-legged partridge; red phalarope, the grey phalarope in summer plumage; red ptarmigan, the grouse; red rail, the Virginia rail (Cent. Dict.); red robin, (a) the redbreast; (b) = next; red tanager, the scarlet tanager; red thrush, (a) the redwing, Turdus iliacus; (b) the American red-breasted thrush; red tiercel, the male peregrine falcon when a year old. (For red-back, -bill, etc., see 18 b, and main words.) Also red-bird, red-game.
1884E. L. Layard Birds S. Afr. (ed. 2) 462 *Red Bishop Bird..though not an uncommon bird, is certainly a very local one. 1939Nature 1 Apr. 566/1 The red bishop has never been found to have more than three wives in his large territory. 1955Mackworth-Praed & Grant Birds E. & N.E. Afr. II. 951 Zanzibar Red Bishop..differs from the South African and Tanganyika Territory races of the Red Bishop. 1966E. Palmer Plains of Camdeboo xii. 197 Here would be red bishop birds in summer plumage, the grenadier of Barrow... Sita saw a bird like a jewel sail past her... It was a red bishop bird, black and glowing scarlet, on its way to the reeds with its drab-coloured harem.
1743Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds I. ii. 54 The Crested *Red or Russit Butcher-Bird.
1783Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds II. i. 97 *Red Ch[atterer]. 1817Shaw Gen. Zool. X. ii. 425 Red Chatterer, with a band through the eyes and the tips of the quills and tail-feathers black.
1776Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4) I. 229 *Red Cock.
1828Fleming Brit. Anim. 100 Lobipes hyperboreus. *Red Coot-foot.
1782Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. ii. 721 *Red Creeper, Trochilus coccineus... Supposed to be found in Mexico. 1802Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) II. 142 The Red Creeper. This diminutive inhabitant of New Spain..I mention merely for the purpose of describing its nest.
1819Shaw Gen. Zool. XI. i. 169 The *Red Curassow is the size of a turkey.
1754Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. 84 The *Red Curlew. 1769Bancroft Guiana 172 The Curlew of Guiana is the Indian or Red Curlew of Ray.
1785Pennant Arct. Zool. II. 576 Lapmark, *Red, and Garganey Duck. 1817T. Forster Nat. Hist. Swallowtribe (ed. 6) 95 Anas Nyroca, Castaneous duck..Red duck.
1824Shaw Gen. Zool. XII. i. 96 *Red Dunlin (Pelidna Subarcuata)..Dunlin with the beak longer than the head.
a1672Willughby Ornith. (1676) Pl. 9 Falco ruber Indicus..The *Red Indian Falcon. 1678Ray Willughby's Ornith. 81 The Red Falcon. 1887Smith Birds 69 (E.D.D.) The female when a yearling was termed a ‘Red Falcon’. 1890Watson Nature & Woodcraft viii, The Keeper's ‘red falcon’ is the beautiful Merlin.
1867Layard Birds S. Africa 185 *Red Fink of Colonists... The ‘Red Caffre Fink’, though not an uncommon bird, is certainly a very local one.
1785Pennant Arct. Zool. II. 504 *Red Flammant.
1785Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds V. 299 Pl. 93 *Red Flamingo. 1824Shaw Gen. Zool. XII. i. 186 Red Flamingo with the quills black.
1766Pennant Brit. Zool. (1768) II. 353 The *red godwit is superior in size to the common kind. 1824Shaw Gen. Zool. XII. i. 78 The Red Godwit is found in various parts of Europe, Asia, and North America: in England it is found throughout the year. 1885Swainson Prov. Names Birds 199 Black-Tailed Godwit. Also called Red godwit (Ireland).
1731E. Albin Nat. Hist. Birds 55 pl. 57 The *Red Grosbeak, or Virginia Nightingale... Some call it the Virginia Nightingale, and in Virginia, &c. they call it the Red-bird, but more properly the Red Grosbeak.
1776T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4) I. 269 Grous..*Red... The plumage on the head and neck is of a light tawny red. 1794Hutchinson Hist. Cumbld. I. 17/2 Moor Game or Red Grous. 1843Yarrell Brit. Birds II. 321 Some authors have called our Red Grouse, the Red Grous Ptarmigan, the Red Ptarmigan, and the Brown Ptarmigan. 1849M. Arnold Resignation 70 The red-grouse, springing at our sound. 1910Malcolm & Maxwell Grouse i. 1 We shall be almost exclusively concerned with the red grouse. 1927S. Gordon Days with Golden Eagle xiv. 93 The grey or hooded crow is a far more deadly enemy to red grouse than the golden eagle. 1971Country Life 12 Aug. 390/1 It [sc. heather] provides the main food of that highly famed bird, the Scottish red grouse.
1500–20Dunbar Poems xxii. 7, I do lyk ane *reid halk schout. 1828J. S. Sebright Hawking 32 The young hawks of the year are called red hawks, from the colour of their plumage. 1890Watson Nature & Woodcraft 13 The great grouse poachers of the Moors are the beautiful little Merlins... The ‘red hawk’ is plucky beyond its size and strength, and will pull down a partridge.
1678Ray Willughby's Ornith. 283 The greater speckled or *red Heron of Aldrovand.
1802Montagu Ornith. Dict. (1831) 59 Bullfinch... *Red-hoop.
1743Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds I. i. 32 The Long-tail'd *Red Humming-Bird.
1840Macgillivray Hist. Brit. Birds III. 265 Milvus regalis; The *Red Kite. 1893Newton Dict. Birds 491 In some districts this [the black kite] is much commoner than the red kite.
1824Shaw Gen. Zool. XII. i. 90 *Red Knot (Calidris Islandica).
1776Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4) I. 303 *Red Lark. This species is equal in size to the common lark. 1817T. Forster Nat. Hist. Swallowtribe (ed. 6) 77 Alauda Rubra, Redlark.
1738E. Albin Nat. Hist. Birds III. 68 The *Red Linnet, Cock and Hen. 1831Rennie Montagu's Ornith. Dict. 298 A male of three years old is distinguished in the spring, by the name of the Red Linnet. 1893[see linnet 1].
1819Capt. Ross Voy. Discov. App. ii. lix, Lobipes Hyperboreas (*Red Lobe-foot), commonly named Red Phalarope.
1703*Red macaw [see macaw]. 1831Wilson, etc. Amer. Ornith. IV. 288 Were one to compare..the red macaw with the ground parrot of New Holland.
1854Thoreau Walden 171 Upon the topmost spray of a birch sings the brown-thrasher—or *red mavis, as some love to call him. 1858Atlantic Monthly Dec. 869/2 The Red Mavis..has many habits similar to those of the Cat-Bird. 1917T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. III. 179 Brown Thrasher... Other names..Mavis; Red Mavis; Song Thrush.
1781Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. ii. 431 *Red Oriole... Size of our Black bird.
1785Pennant Arct. Zool. II. 234 *Red Owl. 1812Wilson Amer. Ornith. V. 84 The Red Owl is eight inches and a half long. 1894Newton Dict. Birds 678 Now the ‘Red Owl’ and the ‘Mottled Owl’ of the older American ornithologists are known to be one species.
1783Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds II. ii. 767 Greek Partridge or Great *Red Partridge. 1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 229 The Red Partridge (Tetrao rufus, Lin.) and five or six others..are peculiar to the eastern hemisphere.
1776Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4) II. 414 *Red Phalarope. 1831Rennie Montagu's Ornith. Dict. 366 To these varieties Temminck has added the Red Phalarope. 1894Newton Dict. Birds 712 In summer..the whole of the lower parts are bright bay,..and hence it has in this condition been called the Red Phalarope.
1752J. Hill Hist. Anim. 486 The *red Pheasant.
1819Shaw Gen. Zool. XI. ii. 294 The *Red Ptarmigan is in length fifteen inches and a half. 1843[see red grouse above].
1776Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4) II. 394 *Red Sandpiper. Tringa Icelandica. Birds of this species have appeared in great flocks on the coast of Essex.
1781Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. i. 192 *Red Shrike..its body is of a bright red colour. Inhabits Surinam.
1783Ibid. III. 271 This [crimson-headed finch] inhabits the thick woods about the Volga and Samara, where it is called the *Red Sparrow.
Ibid. 217 *Red T[anager]. Tanagra Rubra... Inhabits Canada.
1827Audubon in Journals (1893) I. 245 The powers of..the *Red Thrush. 1843Ibid. 516 The delightful song of the Red Thrush. 1885Swainson Prov. Names Birds 4 Red thrush (Midlands).
1743Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds I. i. 31 The *Red or Russit-Colour'd Wheat Ear. 1817Shaw Gen. Zool. X. ii. 569 Red Wheatear (Vitiflora rufa)... Taken at Gibraltar and near Bologna.
c. Fishes, etc., as red dory, red lamprey, red mackerel, red scallop, red sea-nettle; red bandfish, the red ribband fish or red snakefish, Cepola rubescens (cf. band n.1 III); red bass, (a) U.S. the red drum or red-fish, Sciæna ocellata; (b) an Australian fish (see quot. 1898); red bream (see quot.); red char, the case-char before spawning (formerly regarded as a distinct species); red cod, (a) the rock-cod; (b) a New England gadoid fish, Pseudophycis bacchus; (c) (see quot. 1836); red crab, (a) the sea cray-fish; (b) an American crab (see quot. 1884); red cusk, a Californian fish (see quot.); red dace, (a) the roach; (b) U.S. the red-fin; red drum = red bass; red garrupa (see quot.); red gilthead, the sea bream; red groper, a red-skinned form of the blue groper, Achœrodus gouldii, a marine fish found off the coast of southern Australia; red grouper, a fish, Epinephalus morio, found off the coast of south-eastern North America; red gurnard or gurnet, (a) a species of gurnard, the rocket or rochet, Trigla cuculus; (b) = next; red gurnet-perch, an Australian fish (see quot.); red lump, the cock-paddle; red mullet, a surmullet; red paidle Sc. = red lump; red perch, (a) the rose-fish, Sebastes marinus; (b) a Tasmanian and Australian fish (see quot. 1898); red ribband fish = red bandfish; red rock-cod, (a) one of several Australian fishes (see quot.); (b) the orange rock-fish of N. America; red rock-crab (see quot.); red rock-fish, (a) a Bermudan fish (see quot.); (b) one of several fishes of the Pacific coast of N. America belonging to the genus Sebastodes or Sebastichthys; red sciæna = red bass; red snakefish = red bandfish; red snapper, any of several important marine food fishes belonging to the family Lutjanidæ, esp. Lutjanus campechinus of eastern North and Central America; red sole, the little sole, Solea lutea; red surmullet, the plain red mullet, Mullus barbatus; red trout, the lake trout; red tubs, the sapphirine gurnard, Trigla hirundo; red wrasse, the female wrasse, Labrus mixtus. (For red-belly, -fin, -mouth, -sides; red-fender, -ribbon, etc., see 18 b and 19.) Also red-fish, red-horse.
1828Fleming Brit. Anim. 204 *Red Band-fish. 1863Couch Brit. Fishes II. 263 The Red Bandfish is common in the Mediterranean. 1880–84Day Fishes Gt. Brit. I. 214 Red band-fish or red snake-fish, owing to its colour, appearance, and movements.
1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 372 In the Carolinas, Florida, and the Gulf, we meet with the names ‘Bass’ and its variations, ‘Spotted Bass’, ‘*Red Bass’ [etc.]. 1898Morris Austral Eng. 383/2 Red Bass, a fish of Moreton Bay, Mesoprion superbus, family Percidæ.
1898Morris Austral Eng. 383/2, *Red Bream, name given to the Schnapper when one year old. 1924Truth (Sydney) 27 Apr. 6 Red bream, name given to young schnapper. 1969Man (Austral.) Mar. 87/2 Another prize for the table is the snapper or red bream.
1674Ray Fresh-w. Fish 109 *Red Charre [see char n.3]. 1769Pennant Brit. Zool. III. 258 The two others [specimens] were inscribed, the Red Charr, the Silver or Gilt Charr. 1880–84Day Fishes Gt. Brit. II. 109 [The case charr] when exhibiting the bright crimson belly which it assumes before spawning,..is called the red charr.
a1705Ray Synopsis Pisc. (1713) 165 A *Red-Cod or Rock-Cod. 1758Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 268 The Tamlin Cod, Red or Rock-Cod, about two feet long. 1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes II. 148 On the coast of Durham and Northumberland, and at the Isle of Man, the Cod acquire a dark red or reddish brown colour; and are called Red Cod.
1674Ray Catal. Fishes 105 Long Oyster, Sea-gar, *Red Crab. 1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 771 The Red Crab—Cancer productus..is found along the entire Pacific coast of the United States.
Ibid. 244 A single species is known in California, the so-called *Red-Cusk, Brosmophycis marginatus.
1880–84Day Fishes Gt. Brit. II. 176 [The roach is] sometimes termed *red-dace from the colour of its fins. 1884[see red-fin in 18 b].
1803Shaw Gen. Zool. IV. ii. 292 *Red Dory, Zeus Aper.
1709J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 156 Black Drums are a thicker-made fish than the *Red Drum. 1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 362 The Red Drum of our coast, Sciæna ocellata. 1893Outing (U.S.) XXII. 94/2 About the first of May the large red-drum..commence to enter the inlets. 1969Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 25 May 5 b/1 A big Channel Bass, or Red Drum as it is called in some circles, lay on the charmingly beautiful wild-beach.
1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 264 *Red Garrupa (Sebastichthys caurinus)... This species is known as ‘Garrupa’, ‘Rock-fish’, and ‘Rock-cod’.
1776Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4) III. 212 *Red Gilt-Head. 1880–84Day Fishes Gt. Brit. I. 37 Pagellus centrodontus,.. Common sea bream, sharp-toothed sea bream. Red gilthead.
1893J. D. Ogilby Edible Fishes & Crustaceans N.S.W. 134 (heading) *Red Groper. 1962L. Wedlick Fishing in Austral. iv. 159 The red groper is now considered to be the female of the species.
1829*Red grouper [see grouper 1]. 1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 410 The Red Grouper is extremely abundant in the Gulf of Mexico in company with the red snapper. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 23 Oct. 19/4 This is the place for exotic fish eating, with surprises like..Florida red grouper.
a1672Willughby Icthyogr., *Red Gurnard [see gurnard 1]. 1776Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4) III. 243 The spines are longer and slenderer in those of the red gurnard. 1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 256 A single specimen of the Red Gurnard of Europe, Trigla cuculus, is said to have once been taken at New York.
1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 269 The fish that chiefly supply our market are the *red gurnet,..mullet,..whiting [etc.].
1882J. E. Tenison-Woods Fish N.S.W. 48 (Morris) Sebastes percoides, a fish of a closely allied genus of the same family... In Victoria it is called the *Red Gurnet-perch.
1804Shaw Gen. Zool. V. ii. 261 *Red Lamprey, with brownish back.
1873F. T. Buckland Fam. Hist. Brit. Fishes x. 174 Our fishermen consider them to be different species and call them the *Red lump and the Blue lump.
1803Shaw Gen. Zool. IV. 2 *Red Mackrel, silvery beneath, with small scales.
1762Ann. Reg. i. 149 Brills, pipers, dories, and *red mullet. 1809Shaw Zool. Lect. II. 67 One of the principal species is the red Mullet or the Surmullet. 1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 294 There are two species, both of which are European, the Striped Red Mullet, M. surmuletus,..and the Plain Red Mullet, M. barbatus. 1862Couch Brit. Fishes I. 217 The Red Mullet appears to be most common in the Mediterranean. 1885[see goat-fish s.v. goat 4 b].
1880–84Day Fishes Gt. Brit. I. 181 Cock- and hen-paidle or *red- and blue-paidle, according to sex.
1819Warden United States I. 431 The following fishes are found in the Lakes Champlain [etc.]..*red-perch, white-perch. 1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 260 The Rose-fish..is also known as ‘Red Perch’. 1898Morris Austral Eng. 385/1 Red Perch, name given in Tasmania to the fish Anthias rasor... In Australia, it is Anthias longimanus.
1863Couch Brit. Fishes II. 262 *Red Ribband fish.
1883Ramsay Food Fishes N.S. Wales 15 The ‘*Red Rock-Cod’—Sebastes percoides and Scorpœna cardinalis, cruenta, and bynoensis—are rock- and ground-fish, and readily take the hook. 1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 265 Orange Rock-Fish (Sebastichthys pinniger)..is usually called simply ‘Red Rock-Cod’ or ‘Red Rock-fish’.
a1884in Goode ibid. 778 The *Red Rock Crab—Echidnoceros setimanus.
1876Goode in Smithson. Coll. XIII. v. 57 Trisotropis guttatus... With some doubt I refer to this species the *Red Rock-fish of the Bermuda market. 1884in Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 265 Red Rock-fish (Sebastichthys ruber)... This species is usually the ‘Red Rock-fish’ par excellence. Ibid. 266 Red Rock-fish of Alaska (Sebastichthys proriger).
1777Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4) IV. 86 *Red Scallop.
1803Shaw Gen. Zool. IV. ii. 541 *Red Sciæna, with connected dorsal fins, spiny head, and a very long spine on the anterior gill-cover.
1611Cotgr., Posterol, the *red sea-Nettle; an ouglie, and imperfect sea-fish.
1822Couch in Trans. Linn. Soc. (1823) XIV. 76 *Red Snakefish. Cepola rubescens. 1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 303 One species..is occasionally found on the south coast of England, where it is known as the..Red Snake-fish.
1775, etc. *Red snapper [see snapper n.1 7 b]. 1879Goode in Smithson. Coll. XXIII. iv. 47 Red Snapper.—West Indian Fauna and north to Savannah Bank. 1884― Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 395 In the Gulf of Mexico the Red Snapper is exceedingly abundant. 1973Nature 6 July 49/1 The red snapper, Etelis marshi (an Indian Ocean fish). 1978Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. (Detroit Suppl.) 28/2 There is a respectable number of fish dishes, ranging from the irreproachable Florida red snapper to frog legs, scallops and deviled crab. 1978Times 4 Nov. 13/3 Red Snapper baked in a sauce of fresh tomatoes, onions, celery.
1880–84Day Fishes Gt. Brit. II. 45 Solea lutea,..Little sole: *Red sole.
1769Pennant Brit. Zool. III. 227 *Red Surmullet. 1880–84Day Fishes Gt. Brit. I. 23 The M[ullus] barbatus is known as the red surmullet.
1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 488 The Lake Trout has other appellatives..‘Tyrant of the Lake’, ‘Laker’, ‘*Red Trout’.
1880–84Day Fishes Gt. Brit. I. 61 Trigla hirundo,..tub-fish, or tubbot: sea crows: *red tubs: smooth sides.
1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes I. 286 The *Red Wrasse is a well-marked species, first described by Ascanius. 1880–84Day Fishes Gt. Brit. I. 258 Labrus mixtus..Female—red wrasse.
d. Plants, as red asphodel, red blite, red bramble, red briar, red cabbage (red cole), red carrot, red catchfly, red cinquefoil, red colewort, red crab-tree, red cranesbill, red eye-bright, red feather-moss, red fennel, red helleborine, red henbane, red hickory, red oat, red onion, red passe-flower, red potato, red sedge, red spurry, red stonecrop; red alder = red els, rooiels; red algæ, the algæ or seaweeds constituting the class Florideæ or Rhodospermeæ; rhodosperms; † red archangel = red dead-nettle; red ash, (a) a North American ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica; (b) a hard-wooded Australian tree, Alphitonia excelsa; (c) the silky oak of Australia, Orites excelsa; red bartsia, the common bartsia, B. odontites; red batata, a species of Spanish or sweet potato; red bay, U.S. a lauraceous tree, Persea borbonia, of the South-Eastern States; red bean (see sense 19 below); red bear-berry, the common bear-berry; red beech, (a) the common North American beech, Fagus grandifolia; (b) an Australian tree, Tarrietia trifoliata; (c) a southern beech of New Zealand, Nothofagus fusca; red beefwood, a Jamaica shrub, Ardisia coriacea (Cent. Dict. 1891); red beet, behen (see the ns.); red bilberry = red whortleberry; red bind, -bine (see bind n. 2 b); red birch, an American species of birch, Betula nigra; red bird's-eye, (a) Lychnis diurna; (b) Herb Robert (Britten & Holl. 1886); red box, a name given to two Australian species of eucalyptus (see quots.), and to the myrtaceous tree Tristania conferta; red broom-rape, a species of broom-rape, Orobanche rubra; red bryony = bryony 1; red buckeye, the small buckeye, æsculus pavia, of the Southern United States, with red flowers; † red camomile (see camomile 1 b); red campion (see campion2); red cherry, a wild cherry, Prunus pennsylvanica, of N. America; red chickweed U.S. = red pimpernel; red clover (see clover n. 1 b); † red corn-rose, the red poppy; † red cow-basil = red valerian; red cypress, a large coniferous timber-tree, Taxodium distichium, of the Atlantic States (Cent. Dict.); red darnel, the common rye-grass; red dead-nettle, Lamium purpureum (see dead-nettle); red dock, † (a) a species of dock, Rumex sanguineus; (b) the withered stalks of the common dock; red elder, the guelder-rose; red elm, any of several elms, esp. the American slippery elm, Ulmus fulva; red els, a South African tree, Cunonia capensis; red fir, (a) (see quot.); (b) a fir of western North America belonging to the genus Abies, esp. A. magnifica; (c) the Oregon pine, Pseudotsuga Douglasii or taxifolia; = Douglas fir s.v. Douglas1; † red fitch(ling), cock's-head or hen's-bill, Onobrychis sativa; red gooseberry, † (a) (see gooseberry 2); (b) a red variety of the common gooseberry; red goosefoot, Chenopodium rubrum; red grass S. Afr., one of several reddish pasture grasses, esp. Themeda triandra; † red greening, a kind of apple; red guayava (see guava 1); red haw, an American species of haw, Cratægus coccinea; red heath, the common heath or heather, Calluna vulgaris; red hemp-nettle, Galeopsis ladanum; red horse-chestnut, (a) a variety of horse-chestnut with red flowers; (b) the red-flowered buckeye, æsculus pavia; red iron bark, a name given to several species of Australian eucalyptus (see quots.); red jasmine or jessamine (see jasmine 1 c); red larch, a variety of the American larch; red lily, † (a) ? the red gladiole; (b) an American lily, Lilium philadelphicum; (c) (see quot. 1879); † red loosestrife (see loosestrife 1 b); † red lysimachus = prec.; red mahogany, an Australian species of eucalyptus (see quot.); red mangrove (see mangrove); red maple, a species of maple, Acer rubrum, with crimson flowers; † red mathes (see maythe); red mint (see quots.); red mulberry, an American species of mulberry, Morus rubra; red mulga, an Australian species of Acacia, A. cyperophylla; red myrtle, an Australian myrtaceous tree, Eugenia myrtifolia; red nightshade, † (a) the winter-cherry, Physalis Alkekengi; (b) pokeweed (Mayne 1858); red oak, a North American oak, Quercus borealis (or Q. rubra), or a closely related species; red osier, (a) N. Amer. in full, red osier dogwood: one of several species of dogwood, esp. Cornus stolonifera; † (b) the basket willow, Salix × rubra; † red paper-moss, a red seaweed; red pepper, capsicum; red pimpernel, the scarlet pimpernel, Anagallis arvensis; red pine, (a) a North American pine, Pinus resinosa, also called Norway pine; (b) a tall evergreen tree of New Zealand, Dacrydium cupressinum, also called rimu (Treas. Bot.); (c) an Australian tree, Frenela Endlicheri; (d) the Japanese pine, Pinus densiflora; cf. matsu; red plum, a wild plum of N. America (see quots.); red poppy (see poppy); red puccoon, the blood-root of N. America; red raspberry, (a) the common variety of Rubus idæus; (b) a wild American species of Rubus (R. strigosus); † red ray, ? rye-grass; red sallow, Salix rubra; red sandal tree or wood, (a) red sanders wood; (b) another East Indian tree, Adenanthera pavonina; red sandwort, red spurry; † red satyrion, some species of orchis; red sauch = red sallow; † red saxifrage, dropwort, Spiræa filipendula; † red seaweed or wrack, a red alga; red sorrel, (a) a West Indian name for the tropical plant Hibiscus sabdariffa, also called Indian sorrel; (b) sheep-sorrel; † red spert = red withy; red spruce, a North American spruce, Picea rubens; † red sumach, the Sicilian or Venetian sumach; red valerian, spur-valerian, Centranthus ruber; red whortleberry (see cow-berry); † red whorts = prec.; also Spanish red whort, the strawberry-tree, Arbutus unedo; red willow, one of several North American willows with reddish bark, esp. Salix lævigata; also = red osier; † red willow herb, the red lysimachia or loosestrife; † red withy = red sallow. (For red berry, lac, morocco, rot, etc., see 19.)
1907T. R. Sim Forests & Forest Flora Cape of Good Hope xiv. 217 *Red Alder or Red Els.
1852Harvey in Smithson. Coll. V. ii. 1 Rhodospermeæ or *Red Algæ. 1876Goode Ibid. XIII. v. 60 On the coast of Maine, the bright-red variety of the Cod..is found only on bottoms covered with Red Algæ.
1548Turner Names Herbes (E.D.S.) 39 Galeopsis after my iudgemente is the herbe, which is called in englishe *red Archaungel. 1634Johnson Merc. Bot. 46 Lamium rubrum... Red Archangell, small dead Nettle. 1777Lightfoot Flora Scot. I. 309 Lamium purpureum. Red Archangel, or Dead-Nettle.
1784Mem. Amer. Acad. I. 492 Fraxinus..The White Ash. The *Red Ash. The Black Ash. The Prickley Ash. 1816Warden Descr. Columbia 167 Red Ash..Fraxinus tomentosa. 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 464 The red ash is abundant in Penn., and the southern parts of N. England... Leaves of about 7 leaflets, which become reddish underneath. 1889J. H. Maiden Usef. Native Plants 373 Alphitonia excelsa... Variously called ‘Mountain Ash’, ‘Red Ash’, ‘Leather-jacket’, and ‘Coopers' Wood’. Ibid. 581 Orites excelsa... ‘Red Ash’, ‘Silky Oak.’ 1965Austral. Encycl. I. 165/2 The red almond (also called red ash, white-leaf, leather-jacket and cooper's wood), is a smooth-barked tree. 1969T. H. Everett Living Trees of World 286/2 The red ash forms an irregular head with stout, erect branches.
1597Gerarde Herbal 87 *Red Asphodill.
1846J. W. Loudon Brit. Wild Fl. 252 The *Red Bartsia. 1857Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. IV. 104 Red Bartsia..is a very common plant in corn-fields, or on dry banks.
1729in Dampier's Voy. (ed. 3) III. 444 *Red Battata's. These are red throughout, and tinge the Hands blue, and a Knife black. 1884Health Exhib. Catal. 159/1 Farinaceous Roots and Fruits.—Red Batata, Fruits of Chayota.
1731M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. 63 The *Red Bay... The wood is fine grain'd, and of excellent use for Cabinets. 1734[see handboard s.v. hand n. 65]. 1765in W. Stork Acc. E. Florida (1766) 79 Oak, ash, red bay, spice-tree, papaw-tree, and pine. 1766J. Bartram Jrnl. ibid. 69 That which is called hammocky land is generally full of large evergreen and water-oaks, mixed with red-bay and magnolia. 1838Loudon Arboretum III. xciii. 1299 Laurus Carolinensis... The Carolina Laurel, or Red Bay. 1938M. K. Rawlings Yearling iv. 35 The red bay thicket seemed impenetrable.
1846J. W. Loudon Brit. Wild Fl. 232 The *Red Bear-Berry.
[1637T. Morton New Eng. Canaan ii. ii. 63 Beech there is of two sorts, redd and white.] 1810F. A. Michaux Hist. Arbres Forestiers de l'Amérique Septentrionale I. 27 *Red beech..dans les Etats du nord. 1819Warden United States I. 183 Red beech, Fagus ferruginea. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 1053 White birch and red beech afford per pound..4 ounces of charcoal. 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 496 The Red Beech is now regarded only as a variety, with the wood softer..and perhaps a slight difference in foliage. 1889J. H. Maiden Usef. Native Plants 604 Tarrietia trifoliata... ‘Red Beech’ of Johnstone River (Queensland). It is not unlike common Red Cedar in appearance, but it is harder than that wood. 1894Amer. Folk-Lore VII. 99 Fagus sylvatica, white beech, red beech. 1928Cockayne & Turner Trees N.Z. 83 Nothofagus fusca..Red-beech. A tall, massive tree. 1970R. M. Lockley Man against Nature x. 204 The native red beech Nothofagus takes a hundred..years to mature.
1578Lyte Dodoens iv. v. 550 The Common *redde Beete is muche lyke vnto the white, in leaues, stalkes, seede, and roote. 1616[see beet n. 1]. 1882Garden 9 Dec. 510/2 Red Beet is appreciated by most people.
1653Culpepper Eng. Phys. Enlarged (1656) 33 The *Red Bilberry, or Whortle-bush.
1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 744 There is only one species of this plant in cultivation, but which has several varieties, as the *red-bind, the green-bind, the white-bind.
1785H. Marshall Arbustrum Americanum 19 *Red birch..grows to a pretty large size. 1816Warden Descr. Columbia 167 Red Birch... Betula rubra. 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 498 Red Birch... Trunk covered with a reddish or chocolate-coloured bark. 1918N. Duncan Battles Royal i. ii. 41 The crew was gathered close about a roaring red birch fire. 1949Collingwood & Brush Knowing your Trees 172 River birch is also called red birch.
1578Lyte Dodoens v. ii. 547 The great *red Bleete is much lyke the other, sauing that his stalkes be very red. Ibid., The small red Blite hath stalkes red as blood. 1653Culpepper Eng. Phys. Enlarged (1656) 38 The Red blite is in all things like the White, but [etc.].
1889J. H. Maiden Usef. Native Plants 273 Eucalyptus populifolia... Variously called ‘Poplar Box’, ‘*Red Box’, ‘White Box’ [etc.]. Ibid. 505 Eucalyptus polyanthema... The ‘Red Box’ of South Eastern Australia. Ibid. 608 Tristania conferta... In Northern New South Wales it has the following names:—‘White Box’, ‘Red Box’, ‘Brush Box’ [etc.].
c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 203 Tak hony, may botter..hemlock & *Red brembel. Ibid. 218 Þe croppe of þe Rede bremble.
Ibid. 177 Croppes of þe rede cool, croppes of þe *rede brere.
1857Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. IV. 78 *Red Broom-rape... This plant..is parasitic upon the common Thyme.
1863Hogg & Johnson Wild Fl. Gt. Brit. II. Pl. 273 Bryonia dioica, *Red bryony. Its most common names Red-berried Bryony and Wild Vine scarcely need any explanation.
1860Darlington Amer. Weeds, etc. 88 æ. Pavia. *Red Buckeye. 1881Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XII. 206/2 Darwin has observed that æ. Pavia L., the Red Buckeye of North America, exhibits a special tendency..to be double-blossomed.
1611Cotgr., Chou cabu rouge, *Red Cabbage Cole. 1731Arbuthnot Aliments iii. (1735) 63 Red Cabbage is reckon'd a Medicine in Consumptions and Spittings of Blood. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 682 This mixed kind..possesses the hardness of the red cabbage.
1611Cotgr. s.v. Camomille, *Red Camomill, red Maithe,..Adonis red flower. 1710Salmon Eng. Herbal i. 1/1 It is called..in English Adonis flower, Red Camomil, Red Maithes.
1578Lyte Dodoens v. xxxviii. 601 Staphilinus niger, *Red Carrot... The red Carrot is lyke to the aforesaid [yellow carrot] in the cuttes of his leaves.
1777Lightfoot Flora Scot. 239 Lychnis viscaria,..*Red Catchfly.
1717Petiveriana iii. 12/1 *Red-Cherry. A large Tree in the Woods, not much unlike the Cornel-berry. 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 240 Wild Red Cherry... A small tree, common in woods and thickets in the Northern States.
1845–50A. H. Lincoln Lect. Bot. App. 73/1 Anagallis arvensis, *red chick-weed, scarlet pimpernel.
1578Lyte Dodoens i. lvi. 82 The *redde Cinquefoyle also, is somewhat like to the others, especially like the great yellow kinde.
c725Erfurt Gloss. 250 Calt(h)a, *rede clabre. [See also clover 1 b.] 1764Museum Rust. I. 110 note, A chalky soil, on which the common red clover will not thrive near so well. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 556 Trifolium pratense, field trefoil or red clover. Ibid. 557, I suspect that the true cow-clover..has been confounded with the perennial variety of red clover.
c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 67 Take a *rede cowle leef, and anoynte hit wyþ þe whit of an eye. [See also red briar above.] 1578Lyte Dodoens v. vi. 554 The first kind of the red Cole is called of..Plinie in Latine Brassica Cumana.
Ibid. 552 The Description of the *redde Colewurtes. The first kinde of red Colewurtes, hath..red greene leaues, with reddish ribbes. 1611Cotgr., Chou rouge, the bitter red Cole; or the garden red Colewort.
1527*Red corn-rose [see corn-rose]. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 77 Thys kynde [of poppy] is called in English Cornrose or redcornrose.
1597Gerarde Herbal 551 It is also called..in English red Valerian, and *red Cowe Basill.
Ibid. 1276 Malus syluestris rubeus. The great Wilding, or *red Crab tree.
1634Johnson Merc. Bot. 38 Geranium hæmatodes,..*Red or bloody Cranes-bill.
1597Gerarde Herbal 71 *Red Darnell is likewise an unprofitable corne or grasse. 1634Johnson Merc. Bot. 48 Lolium rubrum... Red Darnell, great Darnell grasse. 1776Withering Botany I. 66 Red Darnel. The Spike without awns. 1859Miss Pratt Brit. Grasses 127 Common Rye⁓grass, Red Darnel, or Beardless Darnel.
1846J. W. Loudon Brit. Wild Fl. 268 The *Red Dead Nettle. 1857Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. IV. 186 Red Dead-nettle... This plant is readily known by the reddish purple tint of its floral leaves.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 122 Þa fealwan doccan, næs þa *readan. 14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 591/37 Lapacia [the rededokke]. Ibid. 600/28 Paradella, the rede dokke. c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 87 Take þe rede dokke rootes. 1653Culpepper Eng. Phys. Enlarged (1656) 87 The red Dock which is commonly called Bloodwort. 1880Jefferies Gt. Estate 60 Bird-fowlers..take two large bunches of docks, ‘red docks’ they call them.
1819Warden United States I. 429 *Red Elder,..Vibernum opulus.
1805M. Lewis Jrnl. 12 Apr. in Orig. Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1904) I. vii. 299 Some timber..consists of Cotton⁓wood *red Elm, with a small proportion of small Ash. 1810[see moose elm]. 1819Warden United States I. 190 Red Elm, Ulmus rubra. 1878Encycl. Brit. VIII. 152/1 The bark of Ulmus fulva,..the Slippery or Red Elm of the United States and Canada. 1956Handbk. of Hardwoods (Forest Prod. Res. Lab.) 88 Elm, English..Other Names. Red elm, nave elm. Ibid. 92 Commercial white elm may include some slippery elm (Ulmus fulva) also known as red elm.
1880S. Africa (ed. 3) 135 *Red Els..resembles red birch; is used for farm and waggon building purposes.
c1710Petiver Catal. Ray's Eng. Herb. §4 Pl. 36 *Red Eye-bright. 1766Museum Rust. VI. 199 Red Eye-bright..has..purple flowers growing in spikes. 1860Hogg Gardener's Year-bk. 12, July 3... Red Eyebright fl.
1764G. Edwards Gleanings II. iii. Index 346 The *red Feather-moss.
c1430Lydg. Thebes Prol., To ward night eate some *Fenell rede. c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 93 Take of rewe, verueyne,..red fenel [etc.].
1844Lee & Frost Ten Years in Oregon 81 The *red fir constitutes the greater part of the timber of the country. 1848tr. Hoffmeister's Trav. Ceylon 498 The red fir or Picea Morinda. 1884[see Douglas1]. 1884[see mountain hemlock s.v. mountain 9 d]. 1949Collingwood & Brush Knowing your Trees 106 In close stands the trunks of red fir are clear of branches from sixty to eighty feet. 1957M. Hadfield Brit. Trees 32 Douglas fir,..Oregon pine, red fir. 1974Country Life 12 Dec. 1855/1 A fine Red fir (Abies amabilis) a rather rare tree from Washington State and British Columbia.
1671Salmon Syn. Med. iii. xxii. 414 Ὀνοβουχίς *Red-fitch or Cocks-head..rarifies and attenuates.
1653Culpepper Eng. Phys. Enlarged (1656) 71 Cocks-Head, *Red Fitchling, or Medick Fetch.
1857Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. IV. 275 *Red Goosefoot..is quite a frequent plant of salt marshes.
1929J. W. Bews World's Grasses vi. 253 The most important grass in enormous areas of African savanna..is the ‘Rooi gras’ or ‘*Red grass’ of S. Africa. 1955J. Cope Fair House ii. 37 He [sc. a horse] likes the red-grass down here.
1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 217 Apples..Pear-apple, Quince-apple, *Red-greening ribb'd, Bloody Pippin [etc.].
1716Petiveriana iii. 3/1 *Red Guayava.
1717Ibid. 12/1 *Red Haw. Of an agreeable Taste, and four times as big as ours in Europe. 1851Schoolcraft 30 Yrs. w. Indian Tribes 374 We noticed yesterday the red haw.
1863Wise New Forest 285 The three heaths which grow in the New Forest..are respectively known as the bell, black, and *red heaths.
1869Sowerby Eng. Bot. IX. 128 Cephalanthera rubra, *Red Helleborine.
1846J. W. Loudon Brit. Wild Fl. 267 The *Red Hemp Nettle.
c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 231 Leues of mandrake, croppes of þe *rede hennebane.
1717Petiveriana iii. 11/1 *Red Hiccory, the Heart being very red, firm and durable. 1819Warden United States II. 271 note, The land is good, and there is abundance of fine tall red hickery trees.
1882Garden 9 Sept. 228/2 The *Red Horse Chesnut..is one of the most handsome flowering trees that enliven our parks and gardens in spring.
1884A. Nilson Timber Trees N.S.W. 65 E[ucalyptus] leucoxylon.—Red-flowering Ironbark; Black Ironbark; *Red Ironbark. 1889J. H. Maiden Usef. Native Plants 443 Eucalyptus crebra... ‘White’, ‘Red’, or ‘Narrow-leaved Ironbark’. Ibid. 471 Eucalyptus leucoxylon... Common ‘Ironbark’. It is occasionally known as ‘Black Ironbark’, and from Sydney to the Blue Mountains as ‘Red Ironbark’, or ‘Red-flowering Ironbark’. Ibid. 500 Eucalyptus paniculata... Occasionally called ‘Blood wood’. It is the ‘Red Ironbark’ of the New South Wales coastal districts. 1944Living off Land vii. 137 Slow growers with a dense grain..include..Snow Gum, Red Ironbark.
1729in Dampier's Voy. (ed. 3) III. 452 *Red Jessamine..At the top grow many red Flowers somewhat cut like the Honeysuckle.
1819Warden United States I. 297 *Red Larch... Larix Americana. 1833Penny Cycl. I. 33/1 Abies microcarpa, the Red Larch Fir.
1578Lyte Dodoens ii. xliii. 201 There be three kindes of redde or purple Lillies, whereof the first is the small and common *redde Lillie, the second is great. 1847Audubon, etc. Quadrup. N. America I. 343 It..feeds on the meadow-garlic..and red lily (Lilium Philadelphicum). 1879Baron Eggers Flora St. Croix 109 Amaryllis equestris (Red Lily).
1578Lyte Dodoens i. li. 75 In Englishe, the first [is called] *red Lysimachus, or Wythie herbe, or Louse stryfe.
1884*Red mahogany [see forest mahogany s.v. forest n. 5]. 1889J. H. Maiden Usef. Native Plants 508 Eucalyptus resinifera... The ‘*Red’ or ‘Forest Mahogany’ of the neighbourhood of Sydney. 1965Austral. Encycl. III. 404/2 Phillip's ‘gum-tree’ was the red mahogany, E[ucalyptus] resinifera.
1770J. R. Forster Trav. N. Amer. I. 167 The *red Maple, or Acer rubrum, is plentiful in these places. 1816Warden Descr. Columbia 193 Scarlet-flowering, red, or swamp-maple. 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 212 The red maple is a common tenant of low woods and swamps throughout the Atlantic States. 1955[see pace v. 2 a]. 1976Sci. Amer. Nov. 111/3 There were other valley species, among them..the sugar maple..and its relatives the silver maple.., the red maple (A. rubrum) and the box elder.
c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 70 Tak *rede myntes & rewe. 1548Turner Names Herbes (E.D.S.) 74 Many learned men contayne the red Mynt that groweth by water sydes, and is called of some horse Mynt, vnder sisymbrio. c1710Petiver Cat. Ray's Eng. Herb. §4 Pl. 31 Red Mint. 1846J. W. Loudon Brit. Wild Fl. 263 The Narrow-Leaved Red Mint.
1717Petiveriana iii. 12/1 Common *red Mulberry. Is very sweet and one of our earliest Fruit, next the Strawberry. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XII. 371/1 The rubra, or red Virginia mulberry-tree, grows 30 feet high. 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 509 Morus rubra. Red Mulberry.
1896Baldwin Spencer Horne Exp. Centr. Austr. i. 16 We crossed a narrow belt of country characterized by the growth along the creek sides of *red mulga.
1889J. H. Maiden Usef. Native Plants 531 Eugenia myrtifolia... ‘Brush Cherry’ or ‘Native Myrtle’. Called ‘*Red Myrtle’ in Southern New South Wales.
1597Gerarde Herbal 271 The red winter Cherrie is called..in English *red Nightshade, Winter Cherries and Alkakengie. 1736Ainsworth Lat.-Eng. Dict., Halicacabus,..red nightshade.
1634W. Wood New Eng. Prosp. 16 Of Oakes there be three kindes, the *red Oake, white, and black. 1663Rec. Town of Plymouth (Mass.) (1889) I. 64 Lott lyeth on the easterly side of the fourth lott and att the south end bounded with a Rid oake stake. 1717Petiveriana iii. 11/1 Red Oak. Is a porous Wood. 1820T. Green Univ. Herbal II. 857/2 Quercus rubra, Red Oak-tree. N. Amer.—Varieties, Champion, Scarlet, and Mountain Red Oak. 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 494 The red oak is the most common species in the Northern States and in Canada. 1852C. Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 98 Quercus Falcata.—This oak, known..in the Carolinas and Georgia by that of red oak. 1901H. Robertson Inlander 310, I des gwine down to de branch to git me some red-oak bark. 1958G. A. Petrides Field Guide Trees & Shrubs 294 The barks of many red oaks are dark in color. 1976Sci. Amer. Nov. 112/1 The red oak and the white oak, which put down a deep tap root, seldom survive the process of transplantation.
1686Plot Staffordsh. 204 A sort of *red Oate sowne thereabout. 1762Mills Pract. Husb. I. 409 Red Oats are much cultivated in Derbyshire [etc.].
c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 97 Take *red oynenons, as many as wolle suffise to make a plasture. c1500Bk. Mayd Emlyn 308 in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 93 A reed onyon wolde she kepe, To make her eyes wepe.
1807F. Pursh Jrnl. Bot. Excursion (1923) 48 Cornus several sorts, among which is the Osier rouge or *Red Osier. 1830Loudon Hort. Brit. 394 Salix..rubra, red Osier. 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 296 Cornus Sericea, Red Osier. 1857Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) 174 There grew..Cornus stolonifera, or red osier. 1864Ibid. 314 Cornus stolonifera (red-osier dog⁓wood), prevailing shrub on shore of West Branch. 1946T. M. Stanwell-Fletcher Driftwood Valley 112 The moose browsed on young twigs of willow and red-osier dogwood. 1971Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 30 May 3/1 A red osier dogwood..shaded our tents. 1972Frederickson & East Silence of North xx. 182 His [sc. a bear's] broad burly rump was vanishing in a thick tangle of red osier halfway down the slope.
1760G. Edwards Gleanings II. iii. Index 346 The *red Paper-Moss.
1597Gerarde Herbal 308 Of bastard Anemones or Pasque flowers..2. Pulsatilla rubra, *Red Passe flower.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Axi, *red pepper, Piper rubeum. 1623Capt. Smith Wks. (Arb.) 629 There is another fruit..of the same or better operation than the red Pepper, and thence borroweth the name. 1792M. Riddell Voy. Madeira 87 A variety of the capsicum or red pepper bushes are found here. 1887C. A. Moloney Forestry W. Afr. 393 Capsicums, Chillies, Red Pepper, &c. (Capsicum annuum. L.).
1611Cotgr., Morgeline maste, *Red Pimpernell.
1809E. A. Kendall Trav. U.S. III. 145, I have referred the sapling of the lumberers to the yellow, *red or Norway pine. 1819Warden United States I. 178 Red or Norway pine, Pinus rubra. 1824Loudon Encycl. Gard. (ed. 2) §7046 The pitch or red Canadian pine..is an American tree, introduced in 1756. 1829, etc. [see Norway1]. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 1053 Red pine yields per pound..33/4 ounces of charcoal. 1884, etc. [see matsu]. 1884A. Nilson Timber Trees N.S.W. 81 F[renela] Endlicheri.—Red Pine; Black Pine. 1889J. H. Maiden Usef. Native Plants 227 Frenela Endlicheri... ‘Black Pine’, ‘Murray Pine’, ‘Red Pine’, ‘Scrub Pine’, ‘Cypress Pine’. 1900A. H. Kent Veitch's Man. Coniferæ (new ed.) 145 Two of the species are of great importance in their native countries on account of their valuable timber, viz., the Rimu or Red Pine of New Zealand, Dacrydium cupressinum, and the Huon Pine. 1911[see Moreton Bay pine s.v. Moreton Bay a]. 1916E. Pound Lustra 89 The red-pine-tree god looks on him and wonders. 1970R. M. Lockley Man against Nature x. 204 The rimu or red pine Dacrydium [takes] two hundred years to mature to the milling stage.
1819Warden United States I. 428 *Red plum, Prunus sylvestris. 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 241 Prunus Americana, Red Plum, Yellow Plum.
1819Warden United States I. 429 *Red potatoe... Convolvulus batatas.
1821Schoolcraft Travels 208 In clambering among the rocks along the river [S. Louis], I found the *red raspberry ripe.
1578Lyte Dodoens iv. xlv. 504 Phoenix... This herbe is called..in Englishe Wall Barley or Way Bennet; it may be called *Red-Ray or Darnell.
c1000Sax. Leechd. III. 58 ᵹenim þu saluian leaf..& *reades seales leaf. 1798[see red sauch below].
1876Harley Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 646 *Red-Sandal tree is a native of Ceylon and the southern parts of India.
1840J. Pereira Elem. Materia Medica II. 1142 *Red Sandal or red Sander's wood (lignum santali rubri; lignum santalinum rubrum) is imported in roundish or somewhat angular billets, which are blackish externally, but of blood-red internally. 1889J. H. Maiden Usef. Native Plants 369 Adenanthera pavonina... The ‘Barricarri’ (of India). ‘Red Sandal-wood’.
1845–50A. H. Lincoln Lect. Bot. App. 172/2 Spergula rubra, *red sandwort.
1578Lyte Dodoens ii. lviii. 225 Satyrium erythronium, *Redde Satyrion.
1798R. Douglas Agric. Surv. Roxb. 120 (Jam.) A species of willow, known by the name of *red saugh or sallow, is esteemed next in value to ash, oak, and elm, and brings 1s. 6d. or 1s. 8d. [per foot].
1578Lyte Dodoens i. xxviii. 41 Som cal this herb in latin Saxifraga rubea..in English Filipendula, Dropwurte, and *Redde Saxifrage.
1760G. Edwards Gleanings I. ii. 211 The *Red Sea-wrack or Weed,..curiously dotted or granulated, and of a beautiful carmine colour.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 102 Nim niᵹontyne snæde eolonan..& endlefan *reades secᵹes.
1798Nemnich Polygl. Lex. v. 867 *Red Sorrel. Hibiscus Sabdariffa.
1578*Red spert [see red-withy below].
1777Quebec Gaz. 17 Apr. 2/1 The logs covering the sleepers, shall be of ash or *red spruce. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XIV. 762/1 The pinus Canadensis..includes three varieties, the white.., the red Newfoundland spruce, and the black. 1820T. Green Univ. Herbal II. 858/2 Pinus nigra, Black Spruce Fir-tree. N. America.—Red Spruce seems not to be different from this. 1943R. Peattie Great Smokies 157 The red spruce..crowns only our highest peaks. 1977J. L. Harper Population Biol. Plants xx. 622 At least 50% of the trees in the upper canopy were red spruce.
1634Johnson Merc. Bot. 71 Chick-weede Spurry, *Red Spurry.
1777Lightfoot Flora Scot. I. 235 *Red Stonecrop.
1597Gerarde Herbal 1293 Of *red Sumach..Cotinus Coriarius Pliny.
Ibid. 551 *Red Valerian hath beene so called of the likenesse of the flowres and spoked rundles with Valerian. 1865Sowerby Eng. Bot. IV. 234 Red Valerian.
1777Lightfoot Flora Scot. I. 202 Vaccinium vitis idæa,..*Red Whortle-Berries. 1857Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. III. 354 Red Whortleberry, Cowberry... This is a low, somewhat straggling shrub.
1578Lyte Dodoens vi. xi. 670 Vacinia nigra, Black Whortes, Vacinia rubra, *Red Whortes. 1653Culpepper Eng. Phys. Enlarged (1656) 33 The Red whorts are more binding, and stop..spitting of blood. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 324 Red whorts, Spanish, Arbutus.
1784Mem. Amer. Acad. I. 491 Salix... The White Willow. The *Red Willow. The Rose Willow. The Dogwood. 1855Longfellow Hiawatha i. 12 The bark of the red willow. 1895Outing XXVII. 211/1 The lake..was covered with a growth of red willows and rushes. 1969T. H. Everett Living Trees of World x. 96/1 Among lower-growing American willows the following are of tree size: the red or polished willow [etc.].
1578Lyte Dodoens i. li. 72 The second [lysimachion] is the *red willow herbe with Coddes.
Ibid. vi. lxvii. 744 That whiche hath the reddish barke, is called..in English, *Red Withy, and the better sort therof is called Red sperte. 1611Cotgr., Osier, the Ozier, red Withie.
e. Minerals, etc., as red blende, red carnelian, red clay, red feldspar, red jasper, red marble, red porphyry, red sulphur; red antimony (ore) = kermesite; red arsenic (see arsenic n.1 1 b); red bole (see bole2); red chalk, (a) reddle, ruddle; (b) Geol. a bed of chalk of a red colour, occurring in Norfolk and elsewhere; red clay, (a) in general use; (b) a fine-grained, red or reddish-brown, abyssal clay of diverse origins, containing windblown particles, meteoric and volcanic dust and debris, and insoluble organic remains; red cobalt († also red cobalt-ochre and red cobalt ore), cobalt-bloom, erythrite; red copper ore, native red oxide of copper, cuprite; red coral (see coral); red crag, Geol. a deposit of shelly sand, the upper part of the crag of Suffolk; red earth, † (a) ruddle; (b) a red soil of the tropics and sub-tropics, usu. clayey and highly leached, and coloured by iron; cf. red loam; red hæmatite (see hæmatite); red iron (ore), a variety of specular iron (see quots.); red iron froth (see quot.); red ironstone, a specular iron ore; red iron vitriol, native ferroso-ferric sulphate; red lead ore, native chromate of lead, crocoite; red loam, a red soil of the tropics, usually friable and highly leached; cf. red earth (b) above; red manganese (ore), native carbonate of manganese, dialogite; red marl (see marl); † red mercury, ? cinnabar; red mud, (a) a marine mud of terrigenous origin, found on continental shelves and in other shallow waters, and coloured by iron oxides; (b) a residue from the extraction of alumina from bauxite, coloured red by ferric impurities; † red mundic, = next; red orpiment, realgar, red sulphuret of arsenic; red phosphorus, amorphous phosphorus; red prussiate, ferricyanide of potassium; red rock, (a) U.S. (see quot. 1904); (b) Geol., a predominantly or wholly granophyric rock of red colour associated with some large gabbroic masses; red schorl, titanite, a species of titanium ore; red silver (see silver ore); red soil, a general name for leached soil of the tropics and sub-tropics, coloured red by ferric compounds; cf. sense A. 1 f; red tourmaline, rubellite; red vitriol, sulphate of cobalt, also called bieberite and cobalt-vitriol; red zinc (ore), zincite, manganesian oxide of zinc. See also red lead, ochre.
(Red is also frequent as the distinctive epithet of those muriates, oxides, precipitates, sublimates, sulphates, etc. of metals, which are of this colour.)
1807Aikin Dict. Chem. & Min. I. 77/1 *Red antimony has sometimes been confounded with the red silky oxyd of copper. 1816R. Jameson Syst. Min. (ed. 2) III. 483 Red Antimony-Ore. This species is divided into two subspecies, viz. Common Red Antimony-ore, and Tinder-ore.
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Sandaracha, a bright redde colour vsed of peinters..: some call it *redde Arsenike. 1748J. Hill Hist. Fossils 405 The Authors who have made the distinctions between red Arsenic..and Sandarach. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 54 The improper name of yellow and red arsenic, or orpiment and realgar.
1792Phil. Trans. LXXXII. 30 Hoffman discovered that *red blende and feldspat were luminous [etc.].
1748J. Hill Hist. Fossils 9 The *Red Boles. Ibid. 12 Heavy, friable, red Bole, call'd Seal'd Earth of Livonia.
Ibid. 450* The *red Carnelian. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts I. 732 The colour of red carnelian of Cambray varies from the palest flesh-colour to the deepest blood-red.
1538Elyot Rubrica, *red chalke, or ruddle wherwith shepe are marked. 1648Hexham, Roode aerde, Red earth or Red chaulke. 1748J. Hill Hist. Fossils 62 Indurated Clayey Ochre, called Red Chalk. 1837Dana Min. 382 Under this species [specular iron] must also be included..reddle or red chalk, the common drawing material. 1875Dawson Dawn of Life viii. 222 The ‘red chalk’ of Antrim and that of Speeton, contain arenaceous Foraminifera and silicious casts of their shells.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 17 Þere is also white cley and *reed [cley]. 1875Dawson Dawn of Life viii. 222 Red clay..a sort of ash, composed of silica, alumina and iron oxide. 1827J. L. Williams View of W. Florida 89 In the gulf [of Mexico], the..red clay lands approach within eighteen or twenty miles of the coast. 1874Proc. R. Soc. XXII. 427 The bottom consists of ‘Globigerina-ooze’ or of the red clay produced by the decomposition of the shells of Foraminifera. 1916H. F. Cleland Geol. vi. 242 Radiolarian ooze and red clay shade into each other in certain places, the deposit being called radiolarian ooze when these organic remains constitute 25 per cent. of the mass. 1926Jrnl. Geol. XXXIV. 140 The terra rosea of the Istrian Peninsula, Dalmatia, and Greece consists of red clay, residual from a limestone basement. 1964W. C. Putnam Geol. xiv. 371/2 Some workers once thought the red clay consisted mostly of meteoritic dust... Now the evidence appears more convincing that the red clay has a land-derived origin, and that it consists for the most part of the very finest clay and related particles. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 23 Oct. 9/3 But Cooper and his boys are a long way from the red-clay farm he describes so vividly in Families. a1977Harrison Mayer Ltd. Catal. 14/2 Red clay, a term applied to all the ferruginous bodies, high in iron and manganese. Typified by the clay known as Etruria Marl.
1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 278 [Cobalt] mineralized by the arsenical acid. *Red Cobalt ore. 1807Aikin Dict. Chem. & Min. I. 305/2 Red Cobalt. Of this there are two varieties. 1816R. Jameson Syst. Min. (ed. 2) III. 510 Red Cobalt-Ochre. This species contains three subspecies, viz. Earthy.., Radiated.., and Slaggy Red Cobalt-ochre.
1794Hutchinson Hist. Cumbld. I. 51/1 *Red Copper Ore. 1836T. Thomson Mineral., Geol., etc. I. 598 This mineral [black oxide of copper] is found in most of the Cornish mines where copper pyrites or red copper ore occurs.
c1305Land Cokayne 70 Of grene Iaspe and *red corale. 1752J. Hill Hist. Anim. 97 The large Biota of the red Coral. 1878Huxley Physiogr. xv. 249 It is termed a cup coral to distinguish it from other kinds of coral, as red coral.
1851Richardson Geol. (1855) 358 The *red crag is a shelly sand of a deep ferruginous colour. 1879Dana Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 3) 513 Older Pliocene.—Britain.—Coralline Crag and Red Crag of Suffolk.
1601Holland Pliny I. 545 Take ruddle or *red-earth tempered wel with the lees or grounds of oile. 1706Lond. Gaz. No. 4202/3 Red-Earth, lower'd to 4s. per C. 1877C. W. Thomson Atlantic I. iv. 315 Wherever, throughout the islands, a section of the limestone is exposed of any depth, it is intersected by one or two horizontal beds of an ochre-like substance, called locally ‘red earth’... This ‘red earth’, mixed with varying proportions of decayed vegetable matter and coral-sand, forms the surface layer of vegetable soil. 1889Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 52. 25 The red earth of the southern portion of the Great Appalachian Valley is apparently identical, both in composition and in the method of accumulation, with the ‘terra rossa’ of southern Europe, the ‘laterite’ of India, and the ‘red earth’ of Bermuda. 1932[see red loam below]. 1958C. Achebe Things fall Apart xxv. 184 There was a small bush behind Okonkwo's compound. The only opening into this bush from the compound was a little round hole in the red-earth wall through which fowls went in and out. 1966Official Yearbk. Australia LII. 878 Red earths associated with old land surfaces are widely distributed throughout the semi-arid areas.
1875Ure's Dict. Arts. II. 739 Grenada Cocus or Grenadillo. This wood, imported from the West Indies, is called *red ebony by the French cabinet-makers.
1821Schoolcraft Travels 158 This granite is made up of *red feldspar, quartz, and a little mica.
1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 169 *Red Hæmatites. 1836T. Thomson Mineral., Geol., etc. I. 435 Red hematite (Rothglaskopf) is found in masses, stalactites and kidney-form balls. 1868Joynson Metals i. 2 ‘Red hematite’, a ‘peroxide of iron’, a valuable iron, containing as much as 69½ per cent. of ore.
1836T. Thomson Mineral., Geol., etc. l. 435 Compact *red iron ore occurs massive or in pseudo⁓morphous cubic crystals.
1837Dana Min. 382 The varieties of a sub-metallic or non-metallic lustre, were included under the name of red hæmatite, fibrous red iron,..and when [consisting] of slightly coherent scales, scaly red iron, or *red iron froth.
1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 171 Compact *Red Iron Stone. 1807Aikin Dict. Chem. & Min. I. 584/2 Red Iron-stone..Of this there are four subspecies.
1837Dana Min. 180 Botryogen..Native *Red Iron Vitriol of Fahlun.
1748J. Hill Hist. Fossils 584 The *Red Jaspers. Ibid. 585 Bright, red Jasper, variegated with white. 1843Portlock Geol. 525 The rocks are traversed by strings and nodules of red jasper. 1877W. Jones Finger-ring 268 A bronze ring..set with red jasper.
1816Jameson Min. (ed. 2) III. 410 *Red Lead-Ore, or Chromate of Lead. 1836T. Thomson Mineral., Geol., etc. I. 560 Red lead ore. This mineral was first found in the mines of Beresof in Siberia.
1932H. Greene tr. Vageler's Introd. Tropical Soils v. 163 The younger the soil, the greater the predominance of unchanged siallitic material, and the soil has then the character of a more or less plastic *red loam. 1932G. W. Robinson Soils xiii. 271 P. Vageler draws a distinction between red loams and red earths... In comparatively young soils..the clay is of a siliceous type and the soil is described as a red loam. In the red earths, removal of silicic acid or accession of sesquioxides has proceeded sufficiently to give a weathering complex of a predominantly sesquioxidic character.
1816Jameson Syst. Min. (ed. 2) III. 334 *Red Manganese-Ore. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 78 Red Manganese, or Diallogite.
1656W. D. tr. Comenius' Gate Lat. Unl. §87 Alabaster, the whitest marble, and the *red marble (porphyrites) are cut out of the quarrie. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 801 The red marble of Verona is of a red rather inclining to yellow or hyacinth.
1664Method Chem. Phil. & Physick 245 Sublime the *red Mercury from the Alume.
1885Rep. Sci. Results Voy. H.M.S. Challenger: Narrative I. xxi. 918 *Red muds. 1926Jrnl. Geol. XXXIV. 140 The red muds which Murray found in such quantities in the Atlantic Ocean off the mouth of the Amazon River. 1936Metals Handbk. (Amer. Soc. Metals) 902 The Bayer process is almost universally employed for the purification of bauxite. In this process the bauxite is digested with caustic soda solution under pressure and the alumina dissolved out as a solution of sodium aluminate. The residue, known as red mud, contains the oxides of iron, silicon, and titanium [etc.]. 1972Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 27 Oct. 25/1 There are tentative hopes for a new industry based on ‘red mud’. This is the unpleasant-looking residue of the aluminium process... Red mud may yet be pay dirt.
1748J. Hill Hist. Fossils 406, I have lately received a very fine specimen of it [red orpiment] from the tin mines of Cornwall, under the name of *red Mundick, everything that is bright and sparkling being called there by that name.
Ibid. 405 *Red Orpiment has been a name usually given by the more judicious to Sandarach,..and by the vulgar to red Arsenic. 1837Dana Min. 432 It [light red silver ore] is an important Ore of Silver. Red Orpiment, which it sometimes resembles, differs from it in having a yellow streak.
1865Chambers' Encycl. s.v. Phosphorus, *Red phosphorus..occurs as a deep red amorphous powder, which is perfectly devoid of odour.
1845Darwin Voy. Nat. xv. (1890) 345, I at first thought it was owing to dust blown from the surrounding mountains of *red porphyry.
1853W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) 212 Ferricyanide of potassium (*red prussiate). 1862Miller Elem. Chem. (ed. 2) iii. 685 The red prussiate burns with scintillation when introduced into the flame of a candle.
1880J. F. Carll Geol. Oil Regions vi. 72 In this record we have two important facts to work upon—the top of the conglomerate and the presence of *red rock beneath it and not far below its base. 1893Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 109. 23 The red rock..is found in three distinct though indefinitely outlined areas... It occupies a position between the gabbro and the fragmental rocks. 1904Dialect Notes II. 387 Red rock, the drillers' name for the red shale underlying the Panama Conglomerate. 1908Jrnl. Geol. XVI. 774 The ‘red rock dike’ of analysis No. 12 is called gabbro-aplite by the author. 1918Ibid. XXVI. 632 The ‘red rock’ has purposely been left out of the discussion of variations from the gabbro,..because its geologic relations are very different... The gray gabbro rapidly gives place to a bright red rock... The ‘red rock’ has become widely known under this name because of its brilliant color and the difficulty of giving it a more accurate classification... The rock here discussed is intrusive and granitoid. 1969Bennison & Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles xi. 268 Red rocks of Permian and Triassic age outcrop in south-west England.
1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 395 To conclude that the *red schorl is a peculiar metal, united by nature to the state of oxide. 1807Aikin Dict. Chem. & Min. II. 435/1 Titanite..Red Schorl, of the older mineralogists.
Ibid. I. 93/2 The substances by which it [realgar] is usually accompanied are native arsenic, *red silver, and galena. 1836T. Thomson Mineral., Geol., etc. I. 650 Dark and light red silver were considered by Werner as two subspecies.
1889Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 52. 29 It closely resembles the similar *red soils of Virginia and of many other regions. 1906E. W. Hilgard Soils iii. 34 The ‘red’ soils formed from the so-called granites and slates of the western slope of the Sierra Nevada of California. 1932G. W. Robinson Soils xvi. 323 The red soils which occupy most of southern India outside the black cotton area..are probably similar to the red loams and red earths of East Africa. 1940G. Taylor Australia v. 77 All rocks in the west which are not very poor in iron (and not situated in a basin) yield red soils, since the paucity of organic matter allows for a rapid oxidation of the iron in the clay. Ibid. viii. 181 The red soils indicate that the material has been peroxidized under a hot sun in an arid climate not subjected to periodic flooding. 1970E. Afr. Standard (Nairobi) 23 Jan. 16/8 (Advt.), Freehold red-soil plot in the most desired residential area.
1748J. Hill Hist. Fossils 402 *Red Sulphur.
1836T. Thomson Mineral., Geol., etc. I. 371 The following table exhibits the most recent and exact analyses of the green and *red tourmalins, that have hitherto been made. 1861C. W. King Ant. Gems (1866) 25 The Red Tourmaline or Rubellite which is as electric as amber itself.
1836T. Thomson Mineral., Geol., etc. I. 536 Disulphate of Cobalt. *Red vitriol. This mineral occurs in the rubbish of old mines at Bieber... Colour flesh-red and rose-red.
Ibid. 541 *Red Zinc. Manganesian oxide of zinc. This mineral has hitherto been found only in Sussex county, New Jersey... It was first noticed, described, and analyzed by Dr. Bruce. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 79 Red Zinc-ore, or Zincite. Oxide of Zinc containing Manganese.
f. Combined with other colours (see quots.); Red and White Friesian, a cow or bull belonging to the breed so called, distinguished by its red and white coat from the black and white animals of the older Friesian breed; also ellipt.
1678Ray Willughby's Ornith. 114 The red and blue Parrot of Aldrovandus. Ibid., The red and white Parrot of Aldrovandus. 1752J. Hill Hist. Anim. 27 The red and yellow Spider. Ibid. 86 The large American red and black Ant. 1760G. Edwards Gleanings Nat. Hist. II. 109 The Red and Black Manakin. Pipra aureola. 1781Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. i. 201 Red and yellow Maccaw. 1812Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 498 Red and green Amazon [parrot]. 1893Newton Dict. Birds 528 The Red-and-blue Macaw, A. macao, which is even larger and more gorgeously clothed. 1962Guardian 23 Oct. 2/5 A breed of cow making its first appearance at the [Royal Dairy] show this year is the Red and White Friesian. Ibid., One of the Red and Whites has given 8·62 gallons in three milkings at the show. 1975N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Sept. 65/2 Breeders began experimenting by crossing their purebred cattle with Red and White Friesian and Danish Red bulls.
18. Prefixed to the name of a part (or some distinctive feature) used to denote the whole:
a. of persons, as red-beard, one with a red beard, ? a constable or watchman (obs.); red-breeches (see quot.); red-clout, a red-coat (nonce-wd.); red-cowl = redcap 1 b; red gown, a student of St. Andrews University (nonce-use); red-hat, (a) a cardinal; (b) a staff officer (Mil. slang); red-jacket, an attendant wearing a red jacket (cf. red-coat 1 b). Cf. also red shirt.
1607Dekker & Webster Northw. Hoe iii. i. D.'s Wks. 1873 III. 39 White haires may fall into the company of drabs as well as *red beardes into the society of knaues. 1868W. Morris Earthly Paradise i. 194 Thou laughest—hast thou never heard Of this same valorous Red Beard, And how he died?
1862in Post Soldiers' Lett. ii. xxxii. 90 As soon as the rebs saw our *red breeches (the Zouaves) coming through the woods they skedaddled.
1895Crockett Men of Moss Hags xxv. 192 His Majesty's *red-clouts.
1816Scott Antiq. ix, If you had challenged the existence of *Redcowl in the Castle of Glenstirym. 1828Moir Mansie Wauch vii, Redcowl, redcowl, come if ye daur.
1773Fergusson Wks. (1800) 156 Say, ye *red gowns!.. Gin e'er thir days ha'e had their peer.
1598Bp. Hall Sat. v. iii. 74 The *red Hat that tries the lucklesse mayne, For welthy Thames to change his lowly Rhene. 1884Tennyson Becket ii. ii, The King hath bought half the College of Redhats. 1916W. Owen Let. 3 July (1967) 398 Red-Hats gallup up to us at startling speed.., but they never stay long, or criticise. 1918A. Bennett Pretty Lady xxii. 146 It was the red hat put me off. 1919W. Deeping Second Youth xxxiv. 288 When the real job's finished we just throw up our caps and shout. I wish the red-hat element would try to understand that. 1978A. Waugh Best Wine Last xv. 179 A number of very high-ranking officers were invited... The visiting red hats were not impressed.
1848Thackeray Bk. Snobs ix, The *red-jackets who hold gentlemen's horses in St. James Street. Ibid. x, Slapper's long-tailed..mare in the custody of a red-jacket.
b. spec., forming the names of certain birds, fishes, plants, etc., as red-beak, the South African mouse-bird (Funk's Stand. Dict.); red-belly, (a) a species of lake-trout; (b) the Welsh char; (c) U.S. the red-bellied perch or sunfish, the red grouper, the red-fender, etc.; red-bill, Austral. (a) the oyster-catcher; (b) the swamp-hen; (c) a small bird of the genus Estrelda; red-ear, (a) in full, red-ear sunfish; a North American freshwater fish, Lepomis microlophus, which has a red patch on its operculum; (b) in full, red-ear turtle; a small North American turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans, distinguished by a reddish stripe behind the eye; also called a slider; red-face, a species of love-bird (Funk's Stand. Dict.); red fin, (a) a British fresh-water fish (? obs.); (b) U.S. the shiner and various other American fishes; (c) the Australian name for the English perch, Perca fluviatilis, which was introduced into Australia in 1868; red-foot, an American bird; red-gullet, (a) the Australian red-throat; (b) the red-mouth or grunt (Cent. Dict.); red-knee, the red-kneed dotterel, Erythrogonys cinctus, a species of Australian plovers; red-knees, the smartweed, or water pepper; red-mouth, a grunt or pig-fish (Hæmulon); † red-neb Sc., a kind of potato; red-neck, a species of brachelytrous beetle (see quot.); red-root U.S., (a) New Jersey tea, Ceanothus americanus; (b) the blood-root, Sanguinaria canadensis (Webster 1847); (c) the stone-weed, Lithospermum arvense; (d) a plant of the blood-wort family, Lacnanthes tinctoria; paint-root; red-sides U.S., the red dace or red-fin (Cent. Dict.); red throat, (a) = redmouth; (b) an Australian singing bird, Pyrrholæmus brunneus (Morris); red-underwing, a species of moth, Catocala nupta; red-wame Sc., the char. See also red-heart, etc. as main entries.
1792Statist. Acc. Scotl., Sutherland III. 579 Loch-Borley affords, in great abundance, a species of trouts called *Red Bellies. 1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes II. 71 The Welsh Charr is the Torgoch or Red-belly of Wales. 1877Jordan in Smithson. Coll. XIII. ix. 20 note, A fine species called Red-belly, Black-ears, Black-tail Sun-fish [etc.].
1802Barrington Hist. N.S.W. ix. 345 Taking up his gun to fire at two *red-bills. 1828P. Cunningham N.S. Wales (ed. 3) II. 18 A long-legged wader, named here a red-bill. 1848Gould Birds Australia III. Pl. 82 Estrelda temporalis, Red-eyebrowed Finch... Red-Bill of the colonists.
1948List Common Names Fishes U.S. (Amer. Fisheries Soc.) i. 16 *Redear Sunfish Lepomis microlophus. 1957M. B. Trautman Fishes of Ohio iv. 518/1 Three years later the offspring of these 14 Red ears appeared to be..numerous. 1958R. Conant Field Guide Reptiles & Amphibians 58 Baby Red-ears, commonest of all pet turtles, are sold in enormous numbers. 1977N.Z. Herald 8 Jan. 4–9/5 (Advt.), Miniature red ear turtle, tank, element and thermostat. 1979Arizona Daily Star 1 Apr. c 11/4 A state-record redear sunfish has been reported from Parker Canyon Lake... The big redear was identified by Ft. Huachuca fisheries biologist Bruce Halsted.
1794Hutchinson Hist. Cumbld. I. 96 Fishes. Grey trout,..the *redfin, minnow, loach. 1831Wilson, etc. Amer. Ornith. IV. 271, I saw one of them secure a number of red-fins, by wading briskly through the water, and striking at them with his bill. 1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 617 The ‘Shiner’, ‘Red-fin’ or ‘Red Dace’ abounds in all streams from New England to Kansas and Alabama. 1951T. C. Roughley Fish & Fisheries Austral. 152 English perch (Redfin—Perca fluviatilis). 1969Southerly XXIX. 127 Twice, in the dusk, he caught a red⁓fin.
1819Warden United States II. 528 The hatchet-bill, or *red foot.
1848Gould Birds Australia VI. Pl. 21 Over what extent of country the Banded *Red-knee may range is yet to be determined.
1597Gerarde Herbal Suppl. to Table, *Red-knees is Hydropiper.
1729in Dampier's Voy. (ed. 3) III. 415 The *Red-Mouth. His Back and Gill-fins Scarlet, the rest edged with white. 1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 398 The Grunts or Pig-Fishes..are distinguished by the brilliant red color of the inside of the mouth and throat, from which they have sometimes been called Red Mouths, or Flannel Mouths.
1798R. Douglas Agric. Surv. Roxb. 97 Various other potatoes..of all of which, next to the common white, the one in greatest esteem is the *red-neb.
1872Wood Insects at Home 81 The present species is one of the few Brachelytra that has a popular name. It is called the *Red-Neck, on account of the bright-red colour of the thorax.
1709J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 78 The *Red-Root whose Leaf is like Spear-mint, is good for..sore Mouths. 1788M. Cutler in Life, etc. (1888) II. 285 Another plant, the characters of which I much wish to know, is called, at Fort Harmar, Red Root. 1838Loudon Arboretum II. xxxv. 539 The Ceanothus, or Red Root. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 357 He..wakes up from his idiot dream of chickweed and red-root. 1941R. S. Walker Lookout 59 The commonest shrub..is New Jersey tea or red-root.
1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 296 Hæmulon has..the lower jaw compressed, opening very wide and of a bright red. Hence they are called ‘*Red-throats’ in the West Indian Islands.
1720E. Albin Nat. Hist. Insects Descr. facing Pl. 80 It [the moth] is commonly called the *red under Wing. 1832Planting 72 in Lib. Usef. Knowl., Husb. III, Noctua nupta, red underwing. 1843Westwood Brit. Moths I. 247 Catocala nupta (the red underwing).
1793Statist. Acc. Scotl. VIII. 504 This lake abounds with charr commonly called *red wames.
19. a. With miscellaneous ns., as red admiral (see quots. and admiral 6); red alert, a warning of danger; an instruction to be prepared for an emergency, or, in hospitals, to admit only emergency cases; also, a state of readiness for an emergency; also fig. and (with hyphen) attrib.; red anchor, used attrib. to designate that period in the history of the Chelsea porcelain factory during which it produced high-quality porcelain with a distinguishing red anchor mark; also applied to porcelain of this period; red arches, a British moth (see quots.), also called the rosy footman; Red Arrow, a familiar name for the nightly express train from Moscow to Leningrad; red-arse Mil. slang, a recruit; red ash U.S., a coal producing a red ash (also attrib.); Red Astrachan, a red-skinned variety of eating apple; red atrophy Med., a later stage of massive necrosis of the liver, in which the organ is red rather than yellow; red ball U.S. slang, a fast freight train or truck; high priority freight; also attrib.; red-band Prison slang (see quot. 1950); Red Bank, the name of an oyster bed in Co. Clare, Ireland, used attrib. in Red Bank oyster; red banner = red flag 1, 3 a; also used in the title of various distinctions and orders in the U.S.S.R.; red bean, (a) the red-skinned seed of one of several legumes; (b) an Australian timber tree, Dysoxylum muelleri, of the family Meliaceæ; red beds Geol., sedimentary strata deposited in a continental environment, composed largely of sandstone, siltstone, or shale, and coloured red by iron compounds which usu. coat individual grains; spec. (with capital initials) a series of W. American strata, of the Jurassic and Triassic; also attrib. in sing.; red-berry, (a) any of several North American plants, esp. the red baneberry (Actæa rubra); (b) (see quot. 1898); red biddy colloq., a drink consisting of methylated spirits and cheap red wine; also, inferior red wine; red blanket Austral. slang (see quot.); red blood cell or corpuscle = red cell; red board U.S. slang, (a) a stop signal on a railway; (b) (see quot. 1935); red body, in fishes, an aggregation of capillaries on the inside of the swimming-bladder; also, the gland that this aggregation supplies, or both structures together; = red gland below; red bottle-brush, an Australian myrtaceous plant, Callistemon lanceolatus; red box, a box (covered with red leather) used by ministers of state for holding official documents; Red Branch [tr. Gael. Craebh Ruaid], in Irish epic tradition, the name of the most famous of the royal houses of Ulster; red brass (see quot.); Red Brigade(s), a left-wing extremist terrorist group operating in Italy from the early 1970s; hence Red Brigader, a member of this group; red card: in Assoc. Football, etc., a card shown by the referee to a player sent off the field; cf. yellow card s.v. yellow a. and n. C. 1 e; red carpet, (a) a species of moth, Coremia munitata; (b) the carpet of this colour traditionally laid down on formal occasions to greet important visitors, used fig. to indicate a ceremonial welcome or lavish reception; freq. attrib., as red carpet treatment, etc.; red caviar, the red roe of fish other than the sturgeon; Red Centre, the remote interior of Australia; cf. centre n. 11 h; Red Chamber, the Senate chamber of the Canadian Parliament Building, Ottawa; hence, the Senate itself; red channel, at a port, airport, etc., the channel through which passengers should pass who have goods to declare; red charcoal (see quot.); † red children, North American Indians considered as under the guardianship of a white person or agency (obs.); red cock, a euphemism for fire maliciously raised; red-cooking vbl. n., a form of Chinese cookery in which meat is fried quickly and then stewed in soya sauce; hence (as a back-formation) red-cook v. trans.; red core, a disease of strawberries caused by the fungus Phytophthora fragariæ, which attacks the roots, staining the central part of them and making affected plants wilt; red corpuscle = red cell; red country, large tracts of red sand, spec. in Australia; Red Crescent, the Turkish ambulance society answering to the red cross (sense 2 c); also, the equivalent of the Red Cross in other Muslim countries; red daddy (see quot.); red deal (see quot. and deal n.3 2); red Devon, a large red-brown bull or cow of the breed so called, usually kept for the production of beef; = Devon (a); red drops = red lavender; red duster slang = red ensign; red dwarf Astr., an old, relatively cool star lying on the main sequence; also attrib.; red ebony (see quot.); red emperor, an Australian marine fish, Lutjanus sebæ, found off parts of the northern coast; red ensign (see ensign n. 5); red eten Sc. [see eten], a monster, a surly person; red feather, a species of moth (see quot.); red fender U.S., the red-bellied terrapin; red figure Archæol., used attrib. and absol. to designate a technique of vase painting devised in Athens in the late sixth century b.c. in which figures and patterns are outlined and detailed with lines of black paint on a red clay ground and the background filled in with black; so red-figured a.; red fire, a pyrotechnic effect, or the mixture ignited to produce it (see quot. 1869); red flannel, flannel dyed red and formerly used esp. for making underwear, nightwear, etc.; also used colloq. in pl. to designate clothing made from red flannel; also fig.; red flannel hash U.S., a hash (hash n. 1) made with beetroot; red fly, an artificial fly used in angling (see quot. 1787); red fog, (a) a sea-haze due to the presence of sand or dust in the air; (b) Photogr. (see fog n.2 4); red friar, a Templar; † red fustian Cant, red wine; red giant Astr., a relatively cool giant star; red gland Zool., a gland in the wall of a swim bladder which secretes gas into the bladder so as to increase the buoyancy of the fish; also, esp. formerly, the rete mirabile that supplies the gland, or both structures together; red gold (see quot. and gold n.1 5); red hackle (see hackle n.2 4); red hardness Metallurgy, the property, exhibited by some steels used for machine tools, of retaining a high degree of hardness up to a low red heat; red hartshorn = red lavender; red hat, the symbol of a cardinal's office; (see also sense 18 a); red hay dial., mow-burnt hay (? Obs.); † red hide (?); red Indian, (a) (see Indian n. 2 b); (b) an Australian marine fish, Patæcus fronto, which resembles a blenny; red judge (see quot.); spec. a high court judge; Red Kaffir S. Afr. (see quot. 1904); red lac, a species of sumach (Rhus succedanea, also called red lac sumach), from the fruit of which Japan wax is obtained; red lamp, (a) a lamp having red glass, used as a doctor's sign; (b) = red light 2; Redland n. and a., the Soviet Union, Russian (slang); red lane colloq., the throat; red lantern = red light 2; red lavender (see quot.); † red leather, some kind of cosmetic; red leg Zool., a bacterial disease of frogs causing hæmolytic septicæmia and a red flush on the ventral surfaces of the hind legs; red liquor, a mordant used in calico-printing (see quot. 1839); red magnetism (see quot.); † red mason, a bricklayer; red mass [after F. messe rouge], a mass (usually one of the Holy Ghost) at which red vestments are worn by the priest (see also quot. 1896 and cf. Littré s.v. Messe 2); red measures Mining (see quot.); red meat, dark-coloured meat, as beef or lamb (as opposed to chicken, veal, etc.); also fig.; red menace, the political or military threat regarded as emanating from the Soviet Union; red metal, a name given to various alloys of copper having a reddish colour; redmilk, a species of mushroom; red morocco, the pheasant's eye, Adonis autumnalis; Red Ned Austral. and N.Z. slang, inferior red wine or other similar drink; red noise (see quots. 1961); red nucleus Anat., each of a pair of nuclei in the tegmentum of the midbrain, dorsal to the substantia nigra, which form part of the extra-pyramidal motor system; red oil, oleic acid; Red Paint, applied to an ancient North American Indian people known from burials in which large quantities of red ochre were used; red palmer, an artificial fly (see quot. and palmer n.1 2 b); red palm oil, palm oil having a red colour, obtained by boiling the fruit in water instead of by fermentation; red-pencil v. trans., to mark (in red) as erroneous or unacceptable; to correct (a piece of written work); red peril = red menace above; † red pill (see quot.); red planet (with def. article), the planet Mars; red poley = redpoll2; † red potter, a maker of red ware; red precipitate, red oxide of mercury, prepared by solution (and repeated distillation) with nitric acid; Red Prince, nickname of Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia (1828–85); red rain, rain that is red or reddish in colour because of suspended dust or, rarely, red algæ; red reflex Ophthalm., a red glow, seen in ophthalmoscopy when the interior of the eye is illuminated, caused by the light reflected from the fundus having passed through the choroid; red riband, ribbon, † (a) the crimson ribbon worn by Knights of the Order of the Bath, hence, membership of this Order, or the Order itself; (b) the band-fish (Cent. Dict. 1891); (c) U.S., as a symbol of temperance; Red Riding Hood [f. the fairy tale Little Red Riding Hood], used attrib. to designate a type of cape with a hood; red rise U.S. (see quot.); † red roan (see quot. and cf. red-row); red robin, (a) = rust (in grain); (b) the red campion; (c) U.S., a perennial herb, Castilleja coccinea, which has bright red bracts surrounding small greenish-yellow flowers; red rock fault Geol., a fault in Permian red beds, forming part of the boundary of the Cheshire Basin; red rod U.S. (see quot.); red rot, the sun-dew, Drosera rotundifolia; Red Rover, a children's chasing game; also, the child who is ‘it’ in this game; red row dial. (see quot. and cf. red-roan); † red ruddock (see ruddock); red rust = rust (in grain); red sable, the fur of the Japanese mink (kolinsky), used esp. for artists' brushes; a brush made from this fur; red scale, a scale-insect, Aonidia aurantii, infesting orange-trees; † red scall (see quot.); red seed, a small crustacean on which mackerel feed; red softening, a variety of acute softening of the brain, marked by extravasation of blood in the tissue; red soldier, (a) a pig affected by swine fever or other disease accompanied with redness of the skin; the disease itself; (b) a red-coated soldier; red spinner, a fly used in angling (see quot. 1858); red spirit(s (see quots.); † red spot, a pimple or efflorescence of the skin; † red sprat, a smoked sprat; red squill (see squill); red star, a symbol of the Soviet Union; red steer Austral. slang (see quot. 1941); red stock, a kind of red brick (see stock); red-stone, a stone of a red colour (also attrib.); † ruddle; red stuff, an iron oxide, as crocus or rouge, used in grinding or polishing; red tabby, a cat, esp. a long-haired one, with a reddish-orange coat patterned in a deeper red; red tag, name of an artificial fly used in angling; Red Terror, the persecution of opponents by the Bolsheviks after the Russian revolution of 1917; also transf.; red tide = red-water 4; Red Tory Canada, one of a political group who, while maintaining some conservative principles, yet support many liberal and socialist policies; so Red Toryism; red twig, red root (Ceanothus); red varnish (see quot.); red vision Ophthalm. = erythropsia s.v. erythro-; red warning = red alert above; red wind, † (a) a wind which causes the leaves of trees to shrivel and turn red; (b) (see quot. 1857); red withe, a tropical American vine, Combretum Jacquini (Treas. Bot. 1866); † red wort (see quot. 1495). See also as main entries: Red Army, red belt, red book, etc.
1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 606 This subgenus [Vanessa] comprises some of the most beautiful of our British Butterflies, such as..the *Red Admiral. 1872Wood Insects at Home 399 The splendid, and fortunately common, insect, the Red Admiral (Vanessa Atalanta).
1961Webster, *Red alert. 1962‘K. Orvis’ Damned & Destroyed xxvii. 203 His every move will be under red-alert watch. 1967Guardian 29 Dec. 1/1 The emergency bed service..has put out a ‘red alert’ to more than 200 hospitals in the London area. 1970Daily Tel. 26 Sept. 1/6 Fearing that the Arabs will attempt to seize another British plane..the Government sent out a ‘red alert’ to airlines yesterday, warning them to exercise stringent anti-skyjacking precautions. 1972‘G. Black’ Bitter Tea (1973) xii. 188 It looked as though a phone call to me had resulted in a red alert. 1973M. Amis Rachel Papers 98 Fortunately, my room was in a state of red alert nowadays and Rachel's telephone call hadn't caught me with my pants down. 1975Times 26 Nov. 1/4 The health authorities at Croydon yesterday put out a ‘red’ alert of hospital beds... Hospitals in its area will take only emergencies. 1981W. Safire in N.Y. Times Mag. 22 Feb. 9/1 The red alert flashed here a few weeks ago—warning of incoming semantic missiles from the new Secretary of State, Al Haig.
1957Mankowitz & Haggar Conc. Encycl. Eng. Pott. & Porc. 49/2 Work of the ‘raised’ (i.e. embossed) and ‘*red anchor’ periods enjoys the highest esteem. Ibid., The resulting quality..was perhaps inferior to ‘red anchor’ Chelsea. 1966Daily Tel. 26 Oct. 16/4 A Chelsea figure of a Chinaman, Red Anchor period, was sold for {pstlg}4,200. 1975Oxf. Compan. Decorative Arts 140/2 This factory's [sc. Chelsea's] figures of the ‘red anchor’ period (1748–55 when the factory mark was an anchor painted in red) are among the loveliest in the whole range of European porcelain.
1843Westwood Brit. Moths I. 93 Miltochrysta miniata (the *red arches). 1861Morris Brit. Moths I. 47 Red-arches (Calligenia miniata).
1973J. Shub Moscow by Nightmare viii. 87 The Krasnaya Strela—the *Red Arrow—leaves Moscow at 11.53 every night. 1974A. Williams Gentleman Traitor v. 94 You'll be given your ticket on the Red Arrow Express for Leningrad.
1946R. Grinstead They dug Hole i. i. 13 And so it goes on. The everlasting bickering between old sweat and *red⁓arse! 1947D. M. Davin Gorse blooms Pale 193 You were only a bloody redarse in those days.
1874Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 507 To make this..land available for the production of coal, the upper or *red-ash veins having been worked out.
1847J. M. Ives New England Bk. Fruit 36 *Red Astracan.—This beautiful apple is of medium size, of a round and rather flat form. 1860R. Hogg Fruit Man. 21 Red Astrachan... Flesh white, and richly flavoured. 1876J. Burroughs Winter Sunshine 128 The red astrachan [is] an August apple. 1948Newsweek 30 Aug. 32/1 The best and most popular American apples are descended from Russian apple trees—Borominka, Titovka, Red Astrakhan, Alma Ata—imported into the United States a hundred years ago. 1977N.Z. Herald 8 Jan. 1–5/5 One store was selling a New Zealand apple, red astrachan, at 33c a pound.
1849E. Sieveking tr. Rokitansky's Man. Path. Anat. II. i. ii. 122 Atrophy of the liver, independent of the marasmus senilis of the organ, appears in various forms. We first draw attention to two distinct forms which have not been remarked hitherto... Owing to their distinctive colouring, they may be appropriately termed yellow and *red atrophy. 1961R. D. Baker Essent. Path. xvi. 409 Massive necrosis... If the patient lives several weeks after the onset of jaundice subacute red atrophy is found at autopsy.
1927Amer. Speech II. 388/2 Fast freights are known as *red balls. 1934Sun (Baltimore) 3 May 12/6 Several who have worked on these ‘red ball’ runs told me that after a man has been on a truck twenty-four hours he's tired and unstrung. 1944N.Y. Times 8 Oct. iv. 5/4 The famous Red Ball highway—a belt of one-way roads for truck convoys that actually kept pace with General Patton's advance. Ibid. 5/5 It was assumed that bullets and butter, and gasoline as important as either, would be delivered. It was—once the Red Ball got rolling. 1968T.V. Times (Austral.) 29 May 18/3 In railway language ‘Red Ball’ means top priority freight.
1950P. Tempest Lag's Lexicon 178 *Redband, a privileged prisoner. He is allowed to travel freely about the prison in pursuance of his duties. 1952J. Henry Who lie in Gaol x. 143 That prisoners could walk through the house unaccompanied by a red-band or an officer seemed to her little short of madness. 1976A. Miller Inside Outside 3, I would then have a cup of coffee brought to me by a ‘red band’.
1876Encycl. Brit. V. 803/1 Near Pooldoody is the great Burren oyster bed called the *Red Bank,..from which a constant supply of the excellent Red Bank oysters is furnished to the Dublin and other large markets. 1922Joyce Ulysses 325 He spat a Red bank oyster out of him.
1935S. & B. Webb Soviet Communism II. ix. 759 The *Red Banner of Toil is awarded ‘by special decision’ of the Central Executive Committee (TSIK) of the All-Union Congress of Soviets. 1957Encycl. Brit. XXII. Pl. iv, following p. 704, Order of the Red Banner: For conspicuous bravery or self-sacrifice in time of war, special capacity for leadership or some action contributing decisively to the success of soviet arms (military or civil). 1966tr. Lin Piao in Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (Foreword), The most fundamental task in our Party's political and ideological work is at all times to hold high the great red banner of Mao Tse-tung's thought. 1974tr. Sniečkus's Soviet Lithuania 28 New fighting patriots took the places of those that were killed or jailed, keeping the red banner of revolution flying. 1977N.Y. Rev. Bks. 26 May 24/3 The pilgrims move in ranks, by sections, red banners flying.
1892T. F. Garrett Encycl. Pract. Cookery 93/2 *Red Haricot Beans à la Bourguignonne... Take 1 qt. of Red Beans, pick out any stones. 1895[see black bean s.v. black a. 19]. 1908J. H. Maiden Forest Flora N.S.W. III. 115 ‘Red bean’ is, however, the commonest name..because it is supposed to resemble the timber of the Black Bean..except in colour. 1931E. Sherson Bk. Vegetable Cookery viii. 161 Boil the little red beans in the usual way. 1932[see pencil cedar s.v. pencil n.2 7 b]. 1965Austral. Encycl. I. 468/2 Other trees to which the name [bean] is applied are the red bean.., walnut bean.., and yellow bean. 1977Sunday Times (Colour Suppl.) 4 Dec. 19/1 Afters: ‘toffee apple’, red-bean pancakes. 1980Times 21 June 11/6 Red-bean salad in a sweet, spicy dressing.
1849Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. V. 25 The appearance at certain points of the series of stratified deposits of red sandstones and other rocks coloured by the peroxide of iron, in regions where the older formations contain comparatively few *red beds, is a fact observed in many countries. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 797/2 This group is succeeded by the series of deep-red sandy gypsiferous strata, the ‘Red Beds’ of the Rocky Mountain geologists. 1922Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. XXXIII. 107 The thickest beds of such [iron] ore in the Appalachian district are in areas where the underlying red beds of Upper Ordovician age are either very thin or are entirely eroded away. 1946L. D. Stamp Britain's Structure & Scenery xii. 124 In early Permian times conditions repeated those found in early Old Red Sandstone times. The older geologists who used the term New Red Sandstone for the red beds of the Permian and Trias introduced this very useful comparison. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XVIII. 694/1 Continental sediments, especially of red-bed facies often associated with evaporite deposits, are especially widespread and characteristic of the Triassic. Throughout Eurasia north of Tethys, such rocks are a conspicuous part of the rock record.
1785G. Washington Diary 28 Jan. (1925) II. 338, I discovered..the *red berry of the Swamp. 1805M. Lewis Jrnl. 12 Apr. in Orig. Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1904) I. vii. 299 The under brush is willow, red wood,..the red burry [sic], and Choke cherry. 1819Warden United States III. 136 The undergrowth consists of hazel, arrow wood, red-berry, crab-apple, wild pea-vine, and rushes. 1898Morris Austral Eng. 383/2 Redberry, [the] name given to Australian plants of the genus Rhagodia bearing spikes or panicles of red berries. 1951Dict. Gardening (R. Hort. Soc.) IV. 1754/1 Rhagodia..Australian Red Berry. 1973E. Goudie Woman of Labrador p. xix, Well fortified with her never-ending supply of tea and redberry pie.
1928Daily Express 5 Dec. 13/2 Glasgow has not relaxed its war-time drink restrictions..but nothing is being done to make the sale of this horrible ‘*Red Biddy’ punishable by prison. 1939Joyce Finnegans Wake (1964) i. 39 Blotto after divers tots of hell fire, red biddy, bull dog, blue ruin and creeping jenny. 1950E. Hyams From Waste Land 204 Pamphlets issued by the French wine trade..to persuade the customer that the Red Biddy he is drinking is something very special and fine indeed. a1953Dylan Thomas Adventures Skin Trade (1955) 85 ‘I suppose he thinks red biddy's like bread and milk,’ Mr. Allingham said. 1961C. Willock Death in Covert iii. 67 Any idea where we could get any of the hard stuff? This flipping red biddy's burning a hole in my stomach. 1977M. Kenyon Rapist v. 58 Next time it'd be Majorca..and what if he was not a red biddy man? At five bob a bottle he bloody soon would be.
1926A. Giles Exploring in Seventies 127 Tinned meat in 6 lb tins (‘*red blanket’ we called it). The tins were painted red without labels or description of contents.
1846Phil. Trans. R. Soc. CXXXVI. 66 Professor Rudolph Wagner was the first to point out the circular form of the *red blood-corpuscle of the Lamprey, but he does not appear to have noticed the existence of a nucleus. 1910H. W. Armit tr. Ehrlich & Lazarus' Anæmia i. 3 Tarchanoff proposed that by determining the loss of water during profuse sweating, and by comparative red blood cell counts both before and after the sweating, an estimate of the quantity of blood could be arrived at. 1950Sci. News XV. 87 Thanks to the hæmoglobin in them, the red blood corpuscles of our blood carry oxygen from lungs to muscles and brain, which all the time use it up. 1971W. M. Dougherty Introd. Hematol. v. 135/2 The hematocrit (packed cell volume) is the determination that equates what volume of a given unit of blood is composed of red blood cells (erythrocytes and reticulocytes).
1929Bookman (U.S.) July 527/2 *Red board, when..a train has to stop for orders. 1935A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 96/1 Red board, board facing the grandstand on which a horse race is declared official by the judges. 1946Sun (Baltimore) 5 Apr. 18/1 After each race there was much ‘red board’ speculation and betting as to which horse had won. 1968Wall St. Jrnl. 31 Jan., ‘One thing about Sam,’ he says. ‘He never bet the red board.’ (In track jargon, to bet the red board is to claim you picked the winner—after the race is over.) 1973Amer. Speech 1969 XLIV. 259 Red board, stop signal on an overhead signal bridge.
1785A. Monro Struct. & Physiol. Fishes iii. 28 A red-coloured organ..is found on the inner side of the air-bag of the cod, haddock, etc.: but in those fishes where the air-bag communicates with the alimentary canal, this *red body is either very small and simple..or entirely wanting. 1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes I. 38 The air..found in these bladders..is believed to be secreted by the inner lining membrane, and in some instances by a red body. 1896Kirkaldy & Pollard tr. Boas' Zool. 375 The vessels..often form close circumscribed retia mirabilia, projecting as ‘red bodies’ on the inner side of the bladder. 1911Proc. Zool. Soc. I. 184 In the vast majority of cases ‘red body’ includes both rete mirabile and gas gland. 1963L. Birkett tr. Nikolsky's Ecol. Fishes i. 7 In the two red bodies in the swim-bladder of the eel, there are 88,000 venous and 116,000 arterial capillaries.
1889J. H. Maiden Usef. Native Plants 389 ‘*Red Bottle-brush’. (The flowers of some species of Callistemon are like bottle-brushes in shape.)
c1840Thackeray Misc. III. 154 Solemn *red-box and tape men. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xxi. v. VI. 558 Lee lodges in such and such a Hostelry; bring us his Red-Box for a thirty hours. a1883E. Fitzgerald Miscellanies (1900) 201 It is good for a Counsellor to be attended on his travels with a Red Box. Ibid., A Red Box is as it were a Star Chamber in small.
1723D. O'Connor tr. Keating's Gen. Hist. Ireland 91 The Lodge of Teagh na Craoibhe Ruadhe, which signifies in English the House of the *Red Branch, where the most renowned Champions lodged their arms... The Champions..were distinguished by the Title of Champions of the Red Branch. 1772S. O'Halloran Introd. Study Hist. Ireland i. v. 40 Long before the birth of Christ we find an hereditary order of chivalry in Ulster, called Curaidhe na Craoibhe ruadh, or the Knights of the Red Branch, from their chief seat in Emania, adjoining to the palace of the Ulster kings, called Teagh na Craoibhe ruadh, or Academy of the Red Branch. 1879Encycl. Brit. IX. 75/1 Ulster, whose warriors of the Craebh Ruaid or Red Branch are the most prominent figures in the Heroic period, had no Fenians. 1889W. B. Yeats Wanderings of Oisin iii. 41 Came by me the Kings of the Red Branch with roaring of laughter and songs. 1892― Countess Kathleen iv. 73 And on tales Of Finian labours and the Red-Branch Kings. 1970N. Chadwick Celts ix. 268 The ruling king in the [Taín] cycle is Conchobar mac Nessa of the House of the Red Branch at Emain Macha in Ulster.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 165 *Red brass, the Tombak of some,..consists of more copper and less zinc than go to the composition of brass, being from 2½ to 8 or 10 of the former to 1 of the latter.
1973Times 11 Dec. 1/2 Messages found this morning in a telephone booth said that Dr Amerio would be kept in a ‘people's jail’ as a reprisal against dismissals at Fiat. The messages claimed that the kidnapping was the work of the ‘*Red Brigades’. 1977Time 18 July 29/1 Some unemployed university graduates..have joined in the terrorism of groups like the ‘Red Brigades’. 1978Ann. Reg. 1977 136 Terrorist action with a political flavour was also carried on by other extremist groups, in particular by the left-wing Red Brigade. Ibid., In their efforts to spread terror the Red Brigaders resorted to shooting in the legs or kneecap a number of fairly prominent persons. 1979Rolling Stone 11 Jan. 79 Outside..the Red Brigades are blowing people's knees off.
1976Webster's Sports Dict. 345/1 *Red card, a red card shown by the referee (as in international soccer) to indicate that a player is being sent off. 1978S. Lover Assoc. Football Match Control 194 Players who in any way delay the taking of a free kick..will be cautioned (yellow card). On repetition, they will be sent from the field (red card). 1980D. Morris Tribal Words (MS) 379 Early bath, a slang expression meaning that a player has been given the red card and sent off the field before the end of play. 1984S. Lover Soccer Laws Illustr. (rev. ed.) 76 In some competitions the Referee is required to display..a red card, indicating a dismissal.
1934S. Lewis Work of Art 72 He's got to be a certified public accountant,..or one-night-stand lecturer that blows in and expects to have the *red carpet already hauled out for him. 1938N. Marsh Artists in Crime ii. 28 Be sure to have the red carpet out. 1952N.Y. Times 21 Aug. 21/6 (heading) Englewood rolls out red carpet for little baseball league teams. 1960Daily Mail 13 Dec. 7/8 A champagne party was laid on for Mr. Steven Mueller, 2,000,000th passenger to leave London in a TWA jet airliner... There was a hitch when Mr. Mueller arrived. He is just two years and four months old. The red carpet treatment went to his mother. 1966J. A. Morris Bird Watcher (1968) ii. 30 We're rolling out the red carpet for him. Nothing will be too good for good old Congressman Herper. 1969‘G. Black’ Cold Jungle viii. 122 A complete breakdown in red carpet reception arrangements. 1975Evening Standard 23 Sept. 12/1 (Advt.), May we give you the red carpet treatment? Why get footsore and weary comparing notes at all the carpet stores? 1977New Yorker 10 Oct. 67/2 Eaton's interest in the Soviet Union—to which he has made eight red-carpet journeys since 1958—was indirectly whetted by John D. Rockefeller, Sr.
1894T. F. Garrett Encycl. Pract. Cookery 324/1 *Red Caviare, this is a very inferior quality, made from the roe of any fish, such as the grey mullet, or carp. 1927A. Martineau Caviare to Candy iii. 31 Red Caviare. This is made from the roe of a hen pike. 1946G. Stimpson Bk. about Thousand Things 80 Virtually all the red caviar..is displayed as of Russian origin. 1957V. Nabokov Pnin i. 10 Those stupendous Russian ladies..infuse a magic knowledge of their difficult and beautiful tongue..in an atmosphere of Mother Volga songs, red caviar, and tea. 1964A. Launay Caviare & After i. 21 Red caviare (Keta) is made from the salmon roe..bright orange in colour. 1974M. G. Eberhart Danger Money (1975) v. 57 They bought..some red caviar. ‘It would be good with rye bread,’ Susan suggested.
1935H. H. Finlayson (title) The *red centre: man and beast in the heart of Australia. Ibid. ii. 22 The Luritja Country—the south-west portion of Central Australia and contiguous tracts in the adjoining States—..might well be known as the Red Centre. Sand, soil, and most of the rocks are a fiery cinnabar. 1979Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts Apr. 293/1 Nearly a decade of good rains have turned the famous Red Centre into something approaching a Green Centre.
1905Eye Opener (Calgary, Alberta) 25 Feb. 1/6 The innocent haw⁓buck who imagines that the *red chamber is full of dignity and high thoughts has never listened to the debates from the galleries. 1948–9Parl. Affairs II. 50 The Senate Chamber at the east end, known from its bright leather upholstery as the ‘Red Chamber’, is similar in design to the Commons Chamber but is much smaller and has no side galleries. 1955Chatelaine Apr. 13 Canada's first woman senator is Mrs. Norman F. Wilson, who shattered a fifty-year-old tradition that had preserved the Red Chamber as an exclusively men's club when she stepped over the threshold in 1930. 1965Globe & Mail (Toronto) 6 Dec. 6/5 Mr. Pearson..could make no better beginning than to appoint to the Red Chamber 12 such Canadians.
1968*Red channel [see green a. 1 i]. 1979Guardian 2 Aug. 1/8 Customs staff will examine in detail the baggage of all passengers going through the red channel and carry out more spot checks..on those using the nothing-to-declare green channel.
1889Groves & Thorp Chem. Technol. I. 111 Wood imperfectly charred, so as to leave in the product the maximum quantity of combustible matter per volume, is called *red charcoal.
1801B. Hawkins Lett. (1916) 379 Your father is desirous that his *red children would consent to establish houses of entertainment and ferries on these roads. 1855J. H. Chambers in Montana Hist. Soc. Contrib. (1940) X. 136 Col. Vaughan gave his red children a talk. 1871Weekly Manitoban 5 Aug. 2/4 She wishes her Red children, as well as her White people, to be happy and contented.
1815Scott Guy M. iii, We'll see if the *red cock craw not in his bonnie barn yard ae morning before day-dawing.
1972K. Lo Chinese Food i. 23 We *red-cook it [sc. fish], quick-fry it, clear-simmer it, deep-fry it, steam it, and hot-plunge it.
1956B. Y. Chao How to cook & eat in Chinese i. vi. 65 *Red-cooking is stewing with soy sauce, some materials needing pre-frying, some not. It is so-called because the soy-sauce juice gives a reddish colour. 1972K. Lo Chinese Food i. 12 In red-cooking the meat or poultry is first quick-fried and then simmered in broth or water along with soya sauce and other constituents of the soya herbal sauce.
1936Ann. Rep. E. Malling Res. Station 1935 144 The roots of the affected [strawberry] plants showed the ‘*red core’. 1952E. Ramsden tr. Gram & Weber's Plant Dis. iii. 364/1 No method of soil treatment has proved effective against red-core disease. 1970Countryman Spring 111 Red core was first known as a disastrous disease in 1921 in Scotland.
1846Phil. Trans. R. Soc. CXXXVI. 64 The well-known *red corpuscle of the blood of the Frog. 1871Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XXII. 361 The chemical and formal structure of the red corpuscle.
1911C. E. W. Bean ‘Dreadnought’ of Darling x. 89 The river came down in flood. People had been forced to clear out of some of the ‘frontages’ and camp back in the *red country. Ibid. xv. 142 The mallee..covers thousands of square miles of red country in Victoria, New South Wales, and South Australia. 1936A. Russell Gone Nomad viii. 60 Picture great wind-scoured plains of red sand..; a sun glaring wanly day after day from a sky reddened with the dust of incessant sand-storm..—and you will see the great ‘Red Country’ of the West Darling in the big seven years' drought of 1897–1903.
1877H. Ponsonby Let. 6 Sept. in A. Ponsonby Henry Ponsonby (1942) 376 The *Red Cross or Crescent is a valuable association in its attempts to protect the sick and wounded in time of war. 1897C. Bigham With Turk. Army Thessaly iii. 24 Of the two medical services the Red Crescent was excellent. 1959Chambers's Encycl. XI. 552/1 The League of Red Cross Societies (founded 1919) is a federation of national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies. 1970Times 3 Apr. (Arab League Suppl.) p. viii/3 Their own Palestinian Red Crescent facilities. 1971Shankar's Weekly (Delhi) 4 Apr. 10/4, I think it will be a better idea to get some business men and others contribute money, buy medicines and other equipment with that and donate it to the East Pakistan Red Crescent or some other organisation. 1976G. Seymour Glory Boys ii. 23 The big tanks had rumbled into..Nablus. He recalled..the wail of the Red Crescent ambulances.
1869Hardwicke's Sci. Gossip 1 Jan. 23 The insect referred to in your last number under the title of ‘*Red Daddy’,..is probably Panorpa communis,..commonly called the ‘Scorpion-fly’.
1766Compl. Farmer s.v. Pine, The Scotch-pine..is the tree that affords the *red or yellow deal. 1843Holtzapffel Turning I. 101 The roots of some of the red deals..abound in turpentine.
1912R. Lydekker Ox & its Kindred v. 101 Attention may be directed to the well-known *red Devons. 1979V. Canning Satan Sampler ix. 197 A colour gravure of a red Devon heifer.
1925Fraser & Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 237 *Red duster, the, the Red Ensign of the Mercantile Marine. 1928Daily Express 10 Aug. 15/1 His papers have not yet come through allowing him to fly the White Ensign, so, meanwhile, the Vita sails under the ‘red duster’. 1944Times 7 June 6/7 A glance at the ships, with their different flags, the Red Duster of the Merchant Navy, the Stars and Stripes, [etc.]. 1977Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXV. 216/1 Today even the Red Duster is to some extent a flag of convenience.
[1916Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. II. 17 Differing from the dwarf red stars most conspicuously in density, dimensions, and total brightness.] 1929J. H. Jeans Universe around Us v. 293 The great gulf which lies between the red giants and the *red dwarfs. 1959Listener 26 Feb. 370/1 Instead of cooling steadily down towards the Red Dwarf stage..the Sun is becoming more energetic as it ages. 1978Nature 22 June 645/1 The energies of even the weak radio flares emitted by a red dwarf star are several orders of magnitude greater than those from large and infrequent solar outbursts.
1610J. Melvill Autobiog. (Wodrow Soc.) 160 The Guisians, and the rest of these monstruus *Read-eattins in France, quha celebrat that bludie drunken feast of Bartholomew in Paris. 1821Edinb. Mag. & Lit. Misc. Apr. 351/2 Sic red-aitens, whase moolie geir is atween them an' their wits.
1951T. C. Roughley Fish Austral. 68 The *red emperor or king snapper..grows to a weight of at least 40 pounds. 1956M. West Gallows on Sand xiii. 145 Fillets of red emperor, caught while we were at the bottom of the sea. 1965Austral. Encycl. IX. 41/1 The juvenile form of the red emperor..bears a red broad-arrow mark, from which it derives its name of government bream.
1730Royal Navy Orders & Instructions 12 Merchant-Ships are to wear a *Red Ensign; with the Union Jack in a Canton at the upper End next the Staff; and a white Jack, with a red Cross, commonly called St. George's Cross, passing quite through the same. 1910Encycl. Brit. X. 459/1 The red ensign is the distinguishing flag of the British merchant service. 1961B. Fergusson Watery Maze vi. 123 Red Ensign ships—merchant ships with Merchant Navy crews, requisitioned for Admiralty service—were administered by the Director of Sea Transport. 1976Oxf. Compan. Ships & Sea 695/2 The Red Ensign..is today flown by all British merchant vessels and also by many yachts.
1872J. G. Wood Insects at Home 522 The *Red Feather (Tischeria complanella) so called from its colour and the feathery character of its wings... The name Red Feather is almost a literal translation of Stephen's name rufipennella.
1884in Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 154 The ‘Red-bellied Terrapin’, Pseudemys rugosa..is also known under the names ‘Potter’, ‘*Red-fender’, and ‘Slider’.
1893P. Gardner Catal. Greek Vases in Ashmolean Mus. iv. 22/1 The natural advantages..of the *red-figure method caused it to speedily supersede the older style. 1899R. Glazier Man. Hist. Ornament 77 The Transitional period (b.c. 500–470), when the black silhouette figures on a red ground gave way to the red figure period on a black ground. 1918J. D. Beazley Attic Red-Figured Vases in Amer. Museums i. 5 The earliest red-figure vases are mostly amphorae or cups. 1936Burlington Mag. May 253/1 Amongst the fifth-century red-figure vases there are many of high artistic merit. 1960R. G. Haggar Conc. Encycl. Continental Pott. & Porc. 211/1 Greek pottery is generally classified by style: Geometric, Oriental influence, Black-figure, Red-figure and mixed styles. 1975J. Boardman Athenian Red Figure Vases: Archaic Period ii. 11 Red figure is the reverse of black figure. Ibid. 12 Relief line is so important in early red figure that..a word about it is called for. 1978K. J. Dover Greek Homosexuality i. 10 An Attic red-figure vase of the early fifth century depicts a man at a dinner party.
1890Harrison & Verrall Ancient Athens p. lxxv, The rape..appears on upwards of twenty-five *red-figured vases. 1918J. D. Beazley Attic Red-Figured Vases in Amer. Museums p. v, The Andokides painter, one of the first artists to use the red-figured style. 1919J. C. Hoppin (title) Handbook of Attic red-figured vases. 1960E. H. Gombrich Art & Illusion i. 40 The Greek vase painters made use of this principle of reversal when they switched over from the earlier black-figured technique..to the red-figured style. 1977Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXV. 96/2 It [sc. the anthemion] was a favourite border design, too, with the painters of Greek pottery of the period, particularly of the red-figured Attic ware.
1820Q. Jrnl. Sci., Lit. & Arts IX. 411 The beautiful *red-fire which is now so frequently used at the theatres, is composed of the following ingredients. 1869Pall Mall G. 13 Oct. 11 This red-fire..is made of nitrate of strontia, calomel, chlorate of potash, and sulphate of copper.
1848Santa Fé (New Mexico) Republican 28 June 2/4 A proportionate lot of..Cinto laces, *Red flannel shirts, [etc.]. 1860Times 15 Sept. 10/1 Most of us wear no linen.., the red flannel shirt answering all purposes of outward and inward raiment. 1906E. Nesbit Railway Children vi. 137 ‘How lucky we did put on our red flannel petticoats!’ said Phyllis. 1940L. I. Wilder Long Winter (1962) ix. 83 Her red flannel underwear was so hot. Ibid. 84 It's too hot for my red flannels, Ma! 1943Sun (Baltimore) 24 Nov. 17/5 It is time for Kent countians to ‘get into their red flannels’. 1978Walkley & Foster Crinolines & Crimping Irons ii. 46 Both natural wool and red flannel became favourite materials for underwear and nightwear.
1907Dialect Notes III. 248 *Red flannel hash,..beet hash. 1951E. Graham My Window looks down East vii. 59 She had a real hankerin' for red-flannel hash. 1977J. Cheever Falconer 60 His mother..served the red flannel hash with poached eggs.
1651Barker Art of Angling 9 A light Flie for darknesse, the *red Flie in medio, and a dark Flie for lightnesse. 1787Best Angling (ed. 2) 110 The Red-fly comes on about the middle of February..it's wings are made artificially of a dark drake's feather, the body of the red part of squirrel's fur, with the red hackle of a cock.
1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea (Low) vi. §322 Seamen tell us of ‘*red fogs’ which they sometimes encounter. 1879Encycl. Brit. X. 266/1 The dust or sand..may descend again..in the form of ‘red-fog’, ‘sea-dust’, or ‘sirocco-dust’.
1609Skene Reg. Maj., Burrow Lawes 140 b, Na templair (*Reid Freir..) sall intromet with any merchandise..perteining to the Gilde. 1762Bp. Forbes Jrnl. (1886) 178 Dornock of old was a Monastry of Red Friars.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, *Red-fustian, Clarret or red Port-Wine. 1834H. Ainsworth Rookwood i. viii, Famous wine this..better than all your red fustian.
1916Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. II. 17 The brightest stars in the cluster are the *red and yellow giants. 1929J. H. Jeans Universe around Us v. 272 The stars of large diameter shewn in the table..are red and have very high luminosities; they are red giants. 1966Random House Dict. 142/3 Betelgeuse, a first magnitude red giant star in the constellation Orion. 1977J. Narlikar Struct. Universe ii. 39 The red-giant reactions do not take as long to complete as the reactions during the main-sequence stage.
1896Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. XXX. 550 The *red glands occupy about the anterior half of the internal surface of the ventral wall of the swim-bladder. 1926H. M. Kyle Biol. Fishes xi. 276 The fish is able to exercise some selection of gases, and the ‘red glands’ or retia mirabilia of the Physoclists are evidently used for this purpose. 1931J. R. Norman Hist. Fishes ix. 174 The walls of the bladder are richly supplied with fine blood-vessels, and at certain areas these are accumulated to form the so-called red bodies or red glands, masses of interlacing and tightly packed arteries and veins. 1974D. & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. xv. 368 The rete mirabile here [in teleosts] produces gas, which the red gland secretes into the gas bladder.
1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 141 Jewellers gold, and that used for plate and coins, is allayed with this metal [copper]. When this mixture is made in the arts, the workmen call it *Red Gold.
1651*Red hackle [see red palmer]. 1799G. Smith Laboratory II. 302 Red-hackle. Body, red silk and gold twist [etc.].
1910H. P. Tiemann Iron & Steel 312 *Red hardness is the name they give to the property of a tool when it maintains its cutting edge after its nose is red hot. 1925Trans. Amer. Soc. Steel Treating VIII. 693 Molybdenum when present in sufficient amounts imparts to steel the properties of ‘red hardness’. 1937Discovery May 153/1 The forerunner of self-hard steel,..Musket self-hard steel, employed [carbon and tungsten]..to confer the then new so-called red hardness... Tungsten contributes to high speed steel the property of red hardness.
1845*Red hartshorn [see red lavender].
1819Orthodox Jrnl. May 175/2 [He] laboured afterwards most earnestly to counteract its contents, and was honoured with the *red hat by his holiness. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola I. i. 36 Men who love to see avarice and lechery under the red hat and the mitre. 1969R. H. Bainton Erasmus of Christendom (1970) i. 44 To receive the red hat he must go to Rome. 1975R. Player Let's talk of Graves vi. 217 Cardinal Cavalle..had got his red hat from Pius the Ninth.
1796West Devonsh. Gloss., *Red hay, mow-burnt hay; in distinction to ‘green hay’, or hay which has taken a moderate heat, and to ‘vinny hay’, or that which is mouldy.
1710Whitworth Acc. Russia (1758) 83 The English export chiefly hemp..*red-hides and caviar; the two last to Leghorne.
1934Bulletin (Sydney) 16 May 20/3 Someone identified the thing as Patæcus fronto, better known as the ‘*Red Indian’ in N.S.W., where it is sometimes caught on the reefs. 1965Austral. Encycl. VII. 395/2 Red Indian fish (Pataecus fronto), a fish of the southern Australian rocky shore-lines. Its high dorsal fin forms a crest like the feathers of a Red Indian's head dress.
1865Pall Mall G. 8 Aug. 10/1 The ‘*Red Judges’, as the criminal class call her Majesty's judges. 1963‘J. Prescot’ Case for Hearing viii. 125 There's precious little point in letting him out on bail when a red judge is going to send him back again for at least a couple of years. 1972Times 20 May 3/7, I would very much like to see more work being committed for trial by the red judge. 1977Daily Tel. 19 Oct. 6/5 Since May there have been no visits by ‘Red judges’ because of a shortage of accommodation. Arrangements have been made for the more important criminal cases—murder and manslaughter—to be tried either at the Old Bailey or Maidstone.
1812W. J. Burchell Jrnl. 27 May in Trav. Interior S. Afr. (1822) II. viii. 160 They had intended going to the Roode Kaffers (*Red Caffres). 1879R. M. Ballantyne Six Months at Cape iii. 44 This red-Kafir is in truth a savage. 1904D. Kidd Essential Kafir i. 31 Red ochre and oil are rubbed into the skin, and frequently into the blanket. When this latter is done by a tribe the people are called Red Kafirs.
1829Loudon Encycl. Plants 226 Rhus succedanea, *red Lac.
1838Dickens O. Twist xiv, I saw her look towards his [a surgeon's] infernal *red lamp. 1846Blackw. Mag. Nov. 595/1 Almost any serial will give hints enough to an acute boy, [and]..guide him to the door with the red lamp. 1894Conan Doyle (title) Round the Red Lamp. 1927W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 96 The red lamp as the sign of a ‘maison tolérée’. 1929J. L. Hodson Grey Dawn ii. ii. 159 You should have seen the queue at the Red Lamp. 1962H. Myers tr. Pingaud's Holland 51 The dirty little canals near the harbour in the ‘red lamp’ district.
1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §49/1 *Redland, Russia. 1966J. Gardner Amber Nine iii. 44 If Redland have got a finger in the pie then that part of the world could be warmish. 1969W. Garner Us or Them War i. 15 Morton picked up the camera... He said, ‘Exacta. Made in Dresden. East Germany. A favourite with Redland agents.’ 1977C. Wood James Bond iv. 40 ‘You can imagine who the first suspects are?’ Bond could. ‘Redland.’
1821M. Wilmot Let. 17 Jan. in More Lett. (1935) 92 Melodious clang of knives forks and plates to flourish down the *red Lane the most magnificent supper that Gourmands ever guttled. 1831Lincoln Herald 15 July, Delicious!—O!—Down the red lane it goes. 1870Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. Mar. 165 The tarts e'er this have gone down the red lane!
1958L. Durrell Mountolive xv. 286 The quarter lying beyond the *red lantern belt. 1973Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ontario) 11 Aug. 7/3 He was on the loose and cutting a swathe in the red lantern district.
1845Cooley Cycl. Pract. Receipts 752/1 Tincture of Lavender (Compound). Syn. Lavender Drops,..*Red Lavender, Red Lavender Drops, Red Hartshorn.
1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 156 Now they have too little colour, then Spanish-paper, *Red Leather or other Cosmeticall Rubriques must be had.
1905Emerson & Norris in Jrnl. Exper. Med. VII. 34 The name often given to the disease in these letters is ‘*red-leg’, and this is also the name used by the frog-catchers. 1964G. Durrell Menagerie Manor iii. 75, I sent them [sc. toads] away for post-mortem, and the report came back that they were suffering from an obscure disease called red-leg. 1974Amer. Jrnl. Vet. Res. XXXV. 1243 Since 1890, septicemic frog disease (red-leg) has had a devastating effect on frogs kept under laboratory conditions.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 1056 *Red Liquor, is a crude acetate of alumina..prepared from pyrolignous acid. 1844E. A. Parnell Applied Chem. I. 280 Red liquor is much more extensively employed as a mordant than any other preparation of alumina.
1893Sloane Electr. Dict. 345 A two-fluid theory of magnetism has been evolved... It assumes north fluid or ‘*red magnetism’ and a south fluid or ‘blue magnetism’.
1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 237 The *Red Mason, which is the Hewer of Brick. Ibid., The Red Mason (or Bricklayer).
1889Pater G. de Latour (1896) 171 The daily University *red mass,..said to-day according to the proper course of the season. 1896Westm. Gaz. 23 Oct. 1/2 The ‘red’ mass..by which for some years it has been customary at the ancient Sardinian Chapel in Lincoln's Inn Fields to mark the opening of term at the Law Courts.
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-Mining 200 *Red Measures. Generally refers to the strata of Permian or Triassic age.
1898P. Manson Trop. Diseases xxi. 337 Avoid altogether *red meat. 1933E. O'Neill Ah, Wilderness! i. 24 Poetry's his red meat nowadays, I think—love poetry—and socialism, too, I suspect. 1972Times 3 July 12/2 Colin Carr chose..a lollipop, a Popper Polonaise, rather than good red meat, but it served to show off an enviable fluency on the instrument. 1977Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXV. 369/1 Dairy products, cereal products and red meat account for 60 per cent and 75 per cent respectively of the energy and protein intake of the population.
1925B. Coan Red Web 6 It is time, right now, to get down to cases about this thing we hear called the ‘*red menace’. 1932J. F. Carter What we are about to Receive xviii. 204 But once the election is over..we shall quietly lay aside our witch hunting, put the Red Menace in cold storage. 1934R. V. C. Bodley Japanese Omelette xvii. 174 The substance of his words did not confirm the rather pessimistic views of my soldier friends in Changchun on the subject of the ‘Red Menace’. 1977Times 14 Feb. 17/1 Young..was quick to warn Smith that his efforts to gain U.S. support by invoking the ‘Red menace’ would not succeed.
1882Garden 2 Sept. 207/3 We have the *Redmilk with its flaming juice, as safe as bread.
1777W. Curtis Flora Londin. I. Pl. 106 The Pheasant's eye..is one of those plants which are annually cried about our streets under the name of *red Morocco. 1819J. Taylor Naturales Curiosæ 129 Adonis—Red Morocco... Its flowers are of a bright scarlet, with a black spot or eye at the bottom, and are frequently sold in London under the name of red-morocco. 1931M. Grieve Mod. Herbal I. 389/1 ‘Red Morocco’ was a somewhat strange old English name for this plant [sc. pheasant's eye].
1941Baker Dict. Austral. Slang 59 *Red Ned, cheap red wine. 1941― N.Z. Slang vii. 62 Such terms for strong drink as..red Ned. 1972I. Hamilton Thrill Machine xxvi. 120 Jo clutched the glass of Red Ned that I thrust at him.
1961Ward & Shapiro in Jrnl. Meteorol. XVIII. 642/1 The only other characteristic of these spectra is their resemblance to ‘*red noise’, that is, generally higher variance at the lower frequencies (longer periods). [Note] The term ‘red noise’ was suggested by Prof. E. N. Lorenz to describe this phenomenon. Ibid. 646/1 The spectrum of a time series of random numbers, which has been modified so that there is a moderate correlation between successive values, exhibits a characteristic damping of the higher frequencies. This type of spectrum, having more power (or variance) at lower frequencies can, by analogy to the spectrum of light, be called a ‘red noise’. 1963Jrnl. Atmospheric Sci. XX. 182/1 A general suppression of relative variance at higher frequencies and consequent inflation at lower frequencies, as compared to the even distribution of relative variance across all frequencies shown by the ‘white noise’ spectrum. Following a suggestion by E. N. Lorenz, Shapiro and Ward have called this phenomenon ‘red noise’. 1979Nature 23 Aug. 672/1 The spectra were calculated using a fast Fourier algorithm, the spectral estimates were smoothed, and a white or red noise null continuum was assumed in a significance testing.
1890W. H. Vittum tr. Edinger's Twelve Lect. Struct. Cent. Nerv. Syst. vi. 93 Below the thalamus is a rounded ganglion,—the nucleus ruber, the *red nucleus of the tegmentum. 1942F. A. Mettler Neuroanat. xiii. 302 The red nuclei are important extrapyramidal relay stations. 1972M. L. Barr Human Nerv. Syst. vii. 110/1 The red nucleus is..involved in pathways through which the cerebellum is able to influence motor function. 1974D. & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. xii. 294 These fibers decussate in the midbrain and then form a large capsule around the red nucleus.
1863Richardson & Watts Chem. Technol. I. iii. 688 *Red Oil or Oleic Soap. Campbell Morfit has patented a process for preparing Soap with red oil and Carbonate of Soda.
1917W. K. Moorehead Stone Ornaments used by Indians in U.S. & Canada 53 Oval forms occasionally found in the *Red Paint People's graves in Maine are much weathered and appear very old. 1947R. P. T. Coffin Yankee Coast 225 Before the dawn and the Dawn People, there were the Red Paint Men... They had been gone so long now that not even the teeth of them are left, only the red paint, color of life, they smeared their bodies with. 1970S. Trueman Intimate Hist. New Brunswick iii. 43 ‘Red Paint’ Indian burial ground dating back 3,500 to 4,000 years; in the bottom of each grave is a covering of red ochre, bright red oxide.
1651Barker Art of Angling (1820) 6 A *red Palmer ribbed with gold, and a red hackle mixed with orenge cruel. 1884St. James's Gaz. 21 June 6/1 Take, for instance, the ‘red palmer’. Originally meant to represent the ‘woolly bear’ (a caterpillar at least two inches long,) the fly, as now tied, rarely exceeds three quarters of an inch.
1933Discovery May 158/1 *Red palm oil and some samples of maize oil are good sources [of vitamin A]. 1975Sci. Amer. June 126/1 Cereal and vegetable oils are generally poor in carotene—except for red-palm oil, which is very rich.
1959Encounter Dec. 29/1, I have been *red-pencilling student papers for a good many years. 1966Eng. Stud. XLVII. 116 There are many teachers of English who look upon the adjective corny as a word to be red-penciled whenever it turns up in a student paper. 1979Verbatim Summer 2/2 To red-pencil is ‘to censor or correct’.
1927Observer 4 Dec. 13/1 We have to guard against the *Red Peril on our borders. 1973Sat. Rev. Society (U.S.) Mar. 48/3 At the end of the Fifties the red peril slunk off.
1802Med. Jrnl. VIII. 128 *Red Pills (i.e. any pills rolled in bole armenic, or vermillion).
1873Punch 4 Jan. 1/2 Mars. The *Red Planet salutes you. But you are a slow lot. 1894J. E. Gore tr. Flammarion's Pop. Astron. iv. iv. 374 The red planet varies in brightness according to its position in the sky. 1972Nature 4 Feb. 251/2 They show clearly that the red planet is far from being dead, and that weathering and volcanic activity are taking place on Mars to a significant degree. 1977Time 17 Oct. 45/1 The two Viking landers and their orbiters have spent much of the 15 months since the arrival on Mars snapping pictures of the Red Planet.
1941Coast to Coast 22 The mounted trooper found a couple of *red poley steer skins in Jo Wiggins's slaughter-yard.
1756Gentl. Mag. XXVI. 89 A fire broke out at the kiln-house of Mr. Lemans, *red-potter, at Lambeth.
1754Bartlet Gentl. Farriery (ed. 2) 280 Some make their scalding mixture milder, using *red precipitate instead of the sublimate. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) IV. 474/2 These crystals..moderately calcined, assume a sparkling red colour; and are used in medicine as an escharotic, under the name of red precipitate. 1883Ibid. (ed. 9) XVI. 33/1 The oxide is gradually formed as a red powdery solid. This solid has long been known as ‘red precipitate’.
1878Disraeli Let. 13 June in Monypenny & Buckle Life Disraeli (1920) VI. ix. 318 Lord B. mistook His Royal Highness for the father of the bride, who soon appeared as ‘The *Red Prince’. 1888Random Recoll. Courts & Society vi. 140 The wedding of the Princess of Dessau with Prince Frederick Charles—the Red Prince—in September, 1857, was solemnized in the evening at the Palace with all the customary formalities. 1958Everyman's Encycl. V. 494/1 Frederick Charles of Prussia.., known as the ‘Red Prince’ because of the uniform he usually wore.
1885Etheridge & Seeley Phillips' Man. Geol. (ed. 2) I. ii. 18 In the Arctic regions minute spherical particles of iron are sometimes brought down from the air in snow, as though the earth occasionally entered clouds of meteoric dust. A like cause must account for the *red rain which fell at Blankenburg in 1819, and owed its colour to cobalt chloride. 1904G. S. West Treat. Brit. Freshwater Algæ 189 Sph[ærella] lacustris..is abundant all over the country in ditches, rain-pools, and bog-pools. The cells..frequently become brick-red in colour owing to the presence of hæmatochromin... The curious phenomenon known as ‘Red Rain’ owes its colour in a few instances to the presence of this Alga. 1933E. Hawks Bk. of Air & Water Wonders iv. 102 Red rain, accompanied by sand, fell on March 10, 1901, at Vienna and in Italy.
1884H. E. Juler Handbk. Ophthalmic Sci. & Pract. xiv. 364 If the mirror be held at a considerable distance from an emmetropic eye no image of any details of the fundus is seen, but only a *red reflex. 1954S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Disease of Eye (ed. 12) vii. 94 If the fundus reflex is seen as a uniform red glow (the red reflex), the eye is emmetropic or approximately so. 1971Brit. Med. Bull. XXVII. 69/1 The ‘red reflex’ coincides with a very early stage of development of a retinal neoplasm.
1725J. Wainwright in Portland MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) VI. 1 The new institution of Knights of the Bath fills the town with an expectation of *red ribbons. 1732Ld. Tyrawly in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 382 If any vacancies should happen in the Red Ribbon. 1800Asiat. Ann. Reg., Char. 58/2 The present vacant Red Ribbon has been offered to him. 1853Disraeli in Hansard Commons 30 June 1045 The very next day his Sovereign elevated him [sc. Lord Ellenborough] in the Peerage, and decorated him with the Red Riband. 1879‘Mark Twain’ Lett. (1917) I. 355 He couched his lance and ran a bold tilt against total abstinence and the Red Ribbon fanatics.
1908Costumes Classical & Fashionable (Liberty & Co.) 16 *Red Riding Hood Cloak in cloth. 1936N. Streatfeild Ballet Shoes vii. 110 Pauline wore shorts and a shirt, and Petrova an apron and a red-riding-hood cloak over her frock. 1964M. Laski in S. Nowell-Smith Edwardian England iv. 204 White dresses with sashes..topped, for transit, by a red velvet Red Riding Hood cloak. 1966M. Steen Looking Glass i. 14, I was taken to parties..in my Red Ridinghood cape.
1888Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 203/1 These freshets, laden with the rich red loam of the plains, usually reach the lower inhabited sections of the State [of Texas] in periods of drought, and are termed ‘*red rises’.
1762Mills Pract. Husb. I. 429 Barley is ripe when the *red roan, as farmers call it, meaning a reddish colour, is gone from off the ear.
1826W. Darlington Florula Cestrica 72 E[uchroma] coccinea... Painted Cup. *Red Robin. 1851–63Red robin [see red rag 2]. 1882Devonsh. Plant Names, Red Robin, Lychnis diurna. 1891Q. Noughts & Crosses 88 My feet trod on bluebells and red-robins.
1855J. Phillips Man. Geol. viii. 190 One [fault] stated to cause a dislocation to the extent of 1,000 yards, is called the ‘*red rock fault’, north of Pendleton near Manchester. 1942E. M. Anderson Dynamics of Faulting v. 76 The ‘North Staffordshire Boundary Fault’..is not a single fault, as two separate north-north-easterly fractures bound the coalfield... The northern of these is known as the Red Rock Fault. 1969Bennison & Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles xi. 268 The thickness of the beds in the Cheshire Basin indicates a great amount of downwarping which continued into Triassic times. The basin may have been bounded by faults, such as the Red Rock Fault, which continued to move during Permian times.
1845–50A. H. Lincoln Lect. Bot. App. 94/1 Cornus sericea, red osier, *red rod.
1597Gerarde Herbal iii. clv. 1366 [Ros solis] is called in English Sunne deaw. In the North parts *Red rot, bicause it rotteth sheepe. 1664R. Turner Brit. Physician 274 It is called..Sundew, Lustwort, Moor-grass, and of some Red-rot.
1891Amer. Folk-Lore IV. 224 Red Rover. The boy who is ‘it’ is called the ‘*Red Rover’, and stands in the middle of the street, while the others form a line on the pavement on one side. 1898A. B. Gomme Trad. Games II. 107 The players, except one, take their stand at one side, and one stands at the other side in front of them. When all are ready, the one in front calls out ‘Cock’, or ‘Caron’, when all rush across to the other side, and he tries to catch one of them in crossing. This game is called ‘Red Rover’ in Liverpool... ‘Red Rover’ is shouted out by the catcher when players are ready to rush across. 1974J. Keats Of Time & Island v. 82 The little children played Red Rover.
1787W. Marshall Norfolk (1795) II. Gloss., When the grains of ripening barley are streaked with red, the crop is said to be in the *red-row. 1879Cumbld. Gloss., Reed row. When barley approaches to ripeness the grains are streaked with red, and are then said to be in the reed row.
1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 407 In the year 1831, wheat crops were extensively infested with a parasitical fungus, popularly termed the *Red Rust.
1892A. G. Thornton Illustr. Catal. Drawing & Surveying Instruments & Materials 107 Finest *Red Sable Brushes, Round Black Handles, plated ferrules. 1899M. Marks Cycl. Home Arts 62/2 The red sables are somewhat too strong for water-colour. 1910Encycl. Brit. XI. 350/2 The fur [of the kolinsky] has often been designated as red or Tatar sable. 1948F. A. Staples Watercolour Painting i. 3 The best red sable brushes should be used. 1970Oxf. Compan. Art 169/2 The best soft brush for water-colour is the red ‘sable’, made from the fur of the Siberian mink.
1893Daily News 23 May 5/2 The ‘*red scale’, so harmful to orange and lemon trees.
1578Lyte Dodoens v. i. 657 Very excellent to annoynt the head against Alopecies, which some calle the *redde scall or falling away of the heare.
1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 291 The various invertebrate animals preyed upon by Mackerel are known to the fishermen by such names as ‘shrimp’, ‘*red-seed’, and ‘Cayenne’. 1884–5Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) III. 193 The so-called red-seed exercises a deleterious effect on the flesh of the fish.
1854Jones & Siev. Pathol. Anat. 253 With regard to the locality of *red or inflammatory softening. 1858Aitken Pract. Med. 499 More partial or local forms of this affection [cerebritis], to which the name of ‘red softening’, or ‘acute ramollissement’, has been applied.
1878Times 26 Dec., All pigs not ‘*red soldiers’ will be adjudged innocent of typhoid. 1886Stevenson Kidnapped xvii, He supposed it was some of the red soldiers coming from Fort William into Appin.
1799G. Smith Laboratory II. 306 *Red Spinner; begins with July. 1858Kingsley Misc., Chalk-stream Stud. (1859) I. 189 [The caperer] may..do duty..for the red spinner or perfect form of the Marchbrown ephemera.
1807Aikin Dict. Chem. & Min. II. 287/2 It is occasionally used for colouring spirits, as, for example, the *red spirit used for thermometers. 1844E. A. Parnell Applied Chem. I. 287 Such solutions, which are known among dyers by the name of red spirits or simply spirits, may be obtained by dissolving metallic tin, in a granulated or ‘feathered’ state, in one of the following liquids.
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 707/28 Hec papula, a *redspott. 1601Holland Pliny II. 125 The root of Onochiles brought into a liniment cureth the lentils or red spots, yea and the infection of the leprosie.
a1618Sylvester Tobacco Battered 429 Bacon-flitches, *Red-Sprats, red-Herings, and like Chimny-wretches.
1927M. Dekobra tr. Wainwright's Madonna of Sleeping Cars xiv. 186 The gorilla with the pallid brow, marked with a *Red star. 1969G. Macbeth War Quartet 73 In his coat He wore the red star. 1979J. Barnett Backfire is Hostile! xiv. 158 This strange aeroplane..with a red star on its tail.
1941Baker Dict. Austral. Slang 59 *Red steer, the, fire, esp. a bush-fire. 1963J. Cantwell No Stranger to Flame 12 The cane-cutters, made negro by sun and by soot from fires (Red Steers, they called them). 1971F. Hardy Outcasts of Foolgarah 118 Like the bushfires: hadn't he patented the special extinguisher to end the blight of the red steer for all time?
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 344 *Red Stocks..owe their colour to the nature of the clay of which they are made. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 184 Place bricks, gray and red stocks,..and cutting bricks.
1598Florio, Rubrica, vermillion, red oaker, red-leade, *red stone, or ruddl. 1712J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northampt. 41 The common Kealy, or Red-stone Land. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 328 Redstone of Rawenstein—Its colour, by reflected light, is rose red. 1848Rickman Styles Archit. Eng. (ed. 5) App. p. xvii, The walls being mostly built with rough red-stone rag. 1947J. C. Rich Materials & Methods of Sculpture viii. 222 Many kinds [of sandstones] receive their names from their colors, i.e. bluestone, brownstone, and redstone. 1959N. Sluman Blackfoot Crossing 38 On it Sikimi placed a fine revolver, some otter skins, a redstone pipe, and several small sacks of rare pigments. 1976Burnham-on-Sea Gaz. 20 Apr. (Advt.), An attractive redstone detached cottage conveniently close to the town centre.
1876G. Stables Domestic Cat vi. 51 The first cat of the Tabby kind which claims our attention is the *Red or Sandy Tabby. 1903F. Simpson Bk. of Cat xxv. 288/2 Red tabbies..are one of the difficult varieties to obtain. 1948P. M. Soderberg Cat Breeding 248 Red Tabbies cannot compete with several other breeds for popularity. 1977D. S. Richards Handbk. Pedigree Cat Breeding vii. 107 Ginger cats, or more correctly red tabbies, will invariably be male.
1898*Red tag [see Zulu n. and a. 3]. 1923Daily Mail 11 Aug. 7 Dace..have been caught with fly..and upper parts of the Lea should yield some good specimens of these fish to the black gnat, Zulu, red tag, and coachman.
1918in J. Degras Soviet Documents on Foreign Policy (1951) I. 130, I wish to emphasise that the so-called ‘*Red Terror’—which is grossly exaggerated and misrepresented abroad—was not the cause but the direct result and outcome of Allied intervention. 1922‘Sapper’ Black Gang xvi. 267 Experts of the Red Terror..butcherers of women and children. 1930Morning Post 13 Aug. 13 Never before, even in 1918–19, when the Red Terror was at its height, have persecutions reached such a terrible level. 1957Encycl. Brit. XIX. 713/1 The beginning of the Red terror coincided with the period of greatest food shortage, before the harvest. 1977Socialist Press 2 Mar. 7/1 His Committee of Public Safety directs accelerating repression (the ‘red terror’) against ‘enemies of the people’.
1947Sun (Baltimore) 3 Sept. 3/4 A tiny sea creature was blamed today for the ‘*red tides’ which destroyed fish. 1970T. D. Brock Biol. Microorganisms xix. 655 The red tide, an occasional occurrence in inshore areas, results from extensive blooms of red-pigmented dinoflagellate species. Red tides, which probably develop when the seawater becomes unusually enriched with nutrients, are of practical significance because some dinoflagellates produce fish toxins that may cause extensive and unsightly fish kills. 1980N.Y. Times 13 Sept. 8/2 The red tide..usually occurs in much milder form each year in late summer or fall.
1975Globe & Mail (Toronto) 22 Jan. 29/8 But the choice is not merely between the two levels of government; it is between two kinds of conservatism. *Red Tory, blue Tory. 1976Weekend Mag. (Montreal) 10 Jan. 2/1 All good Canadians are on the side of the Red Tories, the Dalton Camp forces who favor family allowances and the welfare state, Canadian nationalism, immigration, bilingualism and multiculturalism, the obviously good and liberal things that keep Canada great.
1974Globe & Mail (Toronto) 29 Oct. 5/3 David Smith could outpace Alderman Anne Johnston in Ward 11, depending on how that ward buys her *Red Toryism as opposed to his knee-deep Liberalism.
1850Holtzapffel Turning III. 1088 *Red Stuff, a name applied by watch⁓makers to some kinds of crocus, or the oxide of iron. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 220 Red stuff is prepared of various degrees of fineness.
1816Warden Descr. Columbia 196 American *red twig, or Carolina spiræa. 1893Sloane Electr. Dict. 559 s.v. Varnish, *Red Varnish. A solution of sealing wax in 90 per cent. alcohol.
[1879X. Galezowski in Recueil d'Ophtalmologie I. 534 (heading) Sur la vision rouge des opérés de cataracte.] 1883Ophthalmic Rev. II. 281 Purtscher suggests that *red-vision would probably be heard of more frequently..after cataract operations, were it not for the careful protection of the eyes. Ibid. 278 He went into the open air and the red vision disappeared. 1959S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 13) xxiv. 373 Erythropsia (red vision) occurs particularly after cataract extraction if the eyes are exposed to bright light.
1940*Red warning [see alert n. 1 b]. 1963Times 22 Jan. 10/3 Commander J. R. E. Langworthy, secretary of the Emergency Bed Service, said last night that if the cold spell continues a ‘red warning’ might have to be considered. Under this hospitals are asked to stop admitting any but emergency cases. 1969Daily Tel. 14 Jan. 1/6 The next step, if the position worsened, would be a red warning. This stops all but very urgent admissions, reserves of local nurses are called in, and extra beds are put up in wards.
1575–85Abp. Sandys Serm. 88 As the goodliest trees in a garden are soonest blasted with *red windes. 1706London & Wise Retir'd Gard. I. 23 The North-East Winds, which are red Winds that blast the Leaves upon your Peach-Trees. 1857N. & Q. Ser. ii. IV. 114 There is no sojourner in the Mediterranean.., who has not seen the red wind... It blows from the deserts of Africa, and derives its name from the particles of red sand with which it is charged.
a1400Stockh. Medical MS. i. 265 in Anglia XVIII. 302 Þe crop of þe *reed worte do þer-to. c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 232 Tak of redewortes, of fette malwes [etc.]. 1495Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. xvii. lxxiii. (W. de W.) 647 Elutropia highte Solsequium, also the red worte, and many calle it Cicorea.
b. With adjs. (and derived ns.), as red-blind, colour-blind in respect of red (so red-blindness); † red fire-hot = red-hot; red–green a., pertaining to or affecting the ability to distinguish between red and green; red–green-blindness (cf. red-blind and green-blind); red-hearted (see quot.); red-mad = red-wood a.; red-raw a., rubbed or irritated until the flesh is exposed and inflamed; also fig.; red-ripe, fully ripe, as indicated by the red colour (also fig. as n.); red-sensitive a., sensitive or responding to the colour red; redward a. and adv., towards the red end of the spectrum; also redwards.
1881Ld. Rayleigh in Nature XXV. 66 That vision would intelligibly be characterized as *red-blind. 1894Abney Colour Vision (1895) 63 Taking a red-blind person and examining him with the spectrum, we find that he sees no light at all at the extreme limit of our red.
1876Bernstein Five Senses 115 There are..many degrees of *red-blindness.
1694Salmon Bate's Dispens. (1713) 424/2 Melt the Tin in a Crucible, *red Fire-hot. Ibid. 425/1 Put it into a Crucible Red-fire-hot.
1888Times (weekly ed.) 14 Sept. 3/1 Colour-blindness..is either *red-green-blindness or blue-yellow-blindness or total colour-blindness. 1935Discovery Aug. 231/1 According to this theory red-green blindness is due to the red-green nerve being atrophied, leaving the yellow-blue nerve still in action. 1956C. Auerbach Genetics in Atomic Age 56 A good example for a sex-linked recessive gene in man is red-green colour-blindness. This abnormality is much more frequent in men than in women. 1958Listener 6 Nov. 730/1 He, too, was a red-green colour-defective. 1964S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xxiv. 364 The red-green cases fall into two main groups, protanopes and deuteranopes. 1971J. Z. Young Introd. Study Man xxxviii. 553 Those who are red-green blind cannot identify ripe or rotten fruit or even see red berries among the leaves!
1832Planting 91 in Lib. Usef. Knowl., Husb. III, *Red-hearted.—A discoloration of the central point or heart-wood of a tree.
1877Holderness Gloss. s.v., He'll be *red-mad ti buy that pony. 1893Stevenson Catriona 74 She's..red-mad about..proscribed names, and King James.
1924A. J. Small Frozen Gold 184 A *red-raw panic. 1957T. Hughes Hawk in Rain 13 All day he stares at his furnace With eyes red-raw.
1822Good Study Med. III. 213 He could perceive cherries on cherry-trees, but only distinguish them even when *red-ripe, from the surrounding leaves by their size and shape. 1868Browning Ring & Bk. i. 1396 Human at the red-ripe of the heart.
1936Discovery May 151/2 This..was an advantage in the days of blue-sensitive materials when actinometers were first put forward, but has lost this advantage now green-sensitive and *red-sensitive materials are so universally employed. 1967Karch & Buber Offset Processes v. 149 Although it [sc. orthochromatic film] is insensitive to red, dyes can be added to make it red-sensitive.
1889Lockyer in Proc. R. Soc. 10 Jan. 185 Some of the bright lines observed are described as being to the *redward side of dark lines. 1903A. M. Clerke Probl. Astrophysics 224 All showed a much smaller displacement redward than the dark lines. 1927Publ. Allegheny Observatory VI. 136 The redward shifts of the solar lines. 1946Nature 10 Aug. 205/2 The departure from the normal redward shift must be due to changes in the sun, and may readily be attributed to movements of the sodium vapour. 1973Sci. Amer. May 118/1 A scarlet pigment, mercuric sulfide, is in fact a low-frequency reflector, reflecting about equally everything redward of a half-reflecting point in the orange.
1979Nature 19 Apr. 719/1 The IR line moved *redwards by ∼150 Å and the red line bluewards by ∼70 Å.
B. n.
1. a. Red colour (dye, stain, etc.); redness.
Also, esp. in modern use, with many defining terms prefixed, as Adrianople, alizarin, cherry, flesh, indigo, Turkey, etc. (cf. A. 1).
c1205Lay. 24651 Heo wolden of ane heowen heore claðes habben. Sum hafden whit, sum hafden ræd, sum hafden god grene. c1250Gen. & Ex. 640 Ðe rede wid-innen toknet on wreche ðat sal get wurðen sent. a1300Cursor M. 3366 Wit mantel clad o bouen o rede. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 952 Riche red on þat on [lady] rayled ay quere. c1400Destr. Troy 3988 Hir lippes were louely littid with rede. 1480Caxton Descr. Brit. 5 Men dyen ther with fyn reed, the redenes ther of is wonder fayr and stable. 1509Hawes Past Pleas. xxxv. (Percy Soc.) 179 In a banner square, All of reade was wrytten Discomfort. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. ii. 9 He consumeth them to nothing with the onely red of his lippes. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 901 [The boar's] frothie mouth bepainted all with red. 1629Milton Nativity 230 The Sun in bed, Curtain'd with cloudy red. a1683Oldham Wks. (1685) 15 A deed, for which the day deserves its red Far more than for a paltry Saint, that died. a1711Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 311 With such rare Mixture of pure Red and White. 1798Coleridge Anc. Mar. iv. xi, The charmed water burnt alway A still and awful red. 1808Scott Marm. i. Introd. 15 No longer Autumn's glowing red Upon our Forest hills is shed. 1813― Rokeby v. xxxi, Distinguish'd by the paly red The lamps in dim reflection shed. 1864Bowen Logic i. 8 Though the red or the white of this object is not the identical red or white of that object.
b. The red colour in roulette or rouge-et-noir.
1849Thackeray Pendennis xxxvii, A confounded run on the red had finished him. 1868Yates Rock Ahead iii. v, I've won a little on the red and black here and there.
c. The red ball in billiards and related games.
1857J. E. Ritchie Night Side of London 128 ‘Good stroke’—‘Bad flewke’—‘On the red’. 1866in Roberts Billiards (1869) 346 Bennett..in the next stroke fluked the red, the ‘run’ closing for 11. 1895[see cush]. 1928C. Bergener Contrib. Study of Conversion of Adjectives into Nouns 135 The reds must be potted before you take the colours [in snooker]. 1974Rules of Game 79 Three points if the cue ball hits the red into a pocket. 1977Cleethorpes News 6 May 29/4 Hood potted the last red and this left Barnes in trouble, needing all the colours and a snooker to boot to pull off a win.
d. to shoot or sport the red: (see quot. 1897).
1849D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yd. (1855) 163 A safer rule may be fixed at the season called ‘shooting the red’. 1897K. B. B. De La Bere New Poultry Guide ii. 56 Turkeys require considerable attention..until they ‘sport the red’, as it is termed, i.e., develop the red colouring to the face and wattles.
e. The red colour conventionally used in map-making to represent British territories.
1899Manch. Guardian 2 May 7/1 The destruction of the Transvaal's independence..would blot out from the mass of red on the map of South Africa a spot of brown. 1966Observer (Colour Suppl.) 27 Feb. 5/1 Red on the map tends to be spots, not splashes nowadays—but there are still more than 1,500 British islands. 1975P. Mason Kipling vi. 150 A busy talkative man..preaching war..wanting to paint the map red.
f. to see red: to get very angry; to lose self-control.
[1900J. K. Jerome Three Men on Bummel xiii. 292, I began, as the American expression is, to see things red.] 1901‘L. Malet’ Hist. Sir R. Calmady i. v. 39 Happily violence is shortlived, only for a very little while do even the gentlest persons ‘see red’. 1923Daily Mail 19 June 15 It maddened me, I think, and I saw red—and before I knew what I was doing I stabbed him. 1937A. Christie Death on Nile xi. 119 Why—? Because she thinks I'm not her social equal! Pah—doesn't that make you see red? 1953J. Wain Hurry on Down x. 221 Instead of answering he leaned across and snatched at the packet Charles held in his hand. Charles saw red. His livelihood was in danger. 1974Times 31 Jan. 2/6 ‘The village was incensed when a woman was left to die in her bath because an ambulance man on a go-slow refused to come out,’ he said. ‘We saw red and said we would form an action group to drive ambulances and cars.’ 1977Daily Mirror 15 Mar. 2 (heading) MPs see red over soaring prices.
g. The colour conventionally (now less commonly) used to indicate debit items and balances in accounts, used esp. in phrases in the red: in debt, overdrawn, losing money (also fig.); out of the red: in credit, making a profit. Hence, debt, an overdraft. Cf. black n. 2 d.
1926Maines & Grant Wise-Crack Dict. 10/1 In the red, losing money in show parlance. 1927Scribner's Mag. Apr. 380/2 ‘We've got to put forth our best efforts from now till the end of the month, or we'll be in red on the books,’ he announced. 1928Publisher's Weekly 10 Nov. 1957/2 About 966 copies more and the title will be out of the red. 1931F. L. Allen Only Yesterday viii. 212 The Philadelphia Sesquicentennial was sinking deeper and deeper into the red. 1949Harper's Mag. Mar. 62/2 The corporation was nearly a million dollars in the red. 1955Times 28 June 3/3 With Tordoff and Saeed opening Somerset's second innings with commendable vigour, Leicestershire went further into the red. 1960Times 15 Feb. 11/6 The British Transport Commission is already in the red to the tune of at least {pstlg}30m. 1966O. Norton School of Liars i. 5, I don't think the manager at Barclays has ever heard of the Married Women's Property Act,..my red is Andrew's red. 1977D. Williams Treasure by Degrees xviii. 169 A quarter of a million pounds..would be more than sufficient to keep the College out of the red for the foreseeable future. 1978S. Brill Teamsters vii. 268 CCC has never run in the red.
h. A red light, lamp, etc., meant as a signal to stop. Also fig.
1970‘W. Haggard’ Hardliners xiv. 155 At the top of Whitehall he jumped his first red, slipping left to the Mall against the signal. 1972D. Bloodworth Any Number can Play xvi. 153 ‘We go by the position of the lights, not the colours,’ soothed Ivansong, as they roared through a red. 1976‘P. B. Yuill’ Hazell & Menacing Jester vi. 67, I was doing over fifty and jumping reds.
2. a. Stuff, cloth, or the like, of a red colour (usually as the material of a dress).
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 475 He..made hym & his cardenals ride in reed on hye ors. c1386Chaucer Prol. 294 Twenty bookes clad in blak or reed. 1523in Turner Sel. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 44 For ij yards of Red for Crosses, price the yarde xijd. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. ix. 27 There sate, y-clad in red Downe to the ground, a comely personage.
b. Ruddle (now dial.); † rouge.
1398Trevisa tr. Barth. De P.R. xvi. lxxx, Off it gendreth seemliche colour and faire, as rewli, reed [Caxton redy], and stibium. 1538Elyot, Rubricatus, coloured with redde or ruddelyd, as shepe are. 1558Warde tr. Alexis' Secr. iv. 75 Another kinde of redde verye good for the face. 1700Congreve Way of World iii. i, Lady. Fetch me the Red—The Red, do you hear, Sweet-Heart?.. Peg. The red Ratifia does your Ladyship mean..? Lady... Paint, dost thou understand that? c1720Duchess of Montagu in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 367, I made myself as French as I could.., but they wear such loads of red, and powder, that it is impossible for me to come up to that. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Red in cosmetics, a fucus or paint wherewith the ladies enliven their cheeks and lips. 1869Lonsdale Gloss., Red, ruddle for marking sheep.
3.
†a. Gold. Obs. rare.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 1335 (1384) They shul for-go þe white and eke þe rede. 1390Gower Conf. II. 88 To the rede and to the whyte This Ston hath pouer to profite. 1677W. Hughes Man of Sin ii. x. 187 The most Gracious See (saith he) rejecteth none where White or Red (Silver or Gold) makes Intercession.
b. Red wine.
c1386Chaucer Pard. T. 198 Whan man so drynketh of the whyte and rede. 1709Rambling Fuddle-Cups 11 Came in with a Friend for a whet of good Red. 1721Ramsay To R. H. B. iii, If ram'd wi' red, they rant and rair, Like mirthfu' men. 1842Tennyson Will Waterproof 82 No pint of white or red Had ever half the power. 1927E. Hemingway Men without Women 207 You tried the red?..we'll have a round of the red. 1961J. B. Priestley Saturn over Water viii. 113 We drank a bottle of Chilean red, and she made coffee. 1969Listener 27 Mar. 417/3 A bottle of red with this, which lasted right through the half-pound of Brie cheese that followed. 1974K. Millett Flying (1975) iii. 286 Nell goes off to seek another bottle of red.
4. = red squadron (cf. A. 16 d).
1690Lond. Gaz. No. 2541/3 A second Rate, and Rear-Admiral of the Red. 1707Chamberlayne State Gt. Brit. iii. 600 Rear-Admiral of the Red. 1805Admiralty Notice in Naval Chron. XIV. 439 His Majesty having been pleased to order the rank of Admirals of the Red to be restored to His Majesty's Navy. 1833Penny Cycl. I. 126/2 Admirals of the Red bear their flag at the main-top-gallant-mast-head.
5. pl. (rarely sing. with a.)
a. Shades or tints of red.
1633Bp. Hall Occas. Medit. (1851) 59, I do not like these reds, and blues, and yellows, amongst these plain stalks and ears. 1635–56Cowley Davideis i. 87 No dawning Morn does her kind Reds display. 1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 243 It does not destroy even reds and yellows when fixed by mordants. 1884Times (weekly ed.) 19 Sept. 5/2 The bodies and bars of the carts were..painted in blues and reds.
b. Red kinds or varieties of cloth, wine, wheat, etc.; red cattle, ants, herrings, etc. Also, potatoes of variety bearing red-skinned tubers or the tubers themselves.
1566A. Edwards in Hakluyt Voy. (1599) I. 357 Your London reds are not to be sent hither. 1641French Distill. Pref. (1651) *iiij b, They..have brought a great Odium upon it by..vending their whites, and reds. 1829G. Griffin Collegians II. xxx. 333 The English reds are a nate pratie. 1868Chambers' Encycl. s.v. Wine, The Italian wines are very numerous. The best reds are Lambrusco, Barbera, etc. 1881Daily News 23 Aug. 3/6 There were a few parcels of new wheat shown... Reds realized 55s. to 58s., and fine whites up to 60s. per quarter. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 121 He's got a real turn for the roans and reds. 1902A. Bennett Grand Babylon Hotel xxii. 251 The ‘Spanish reds’ from Catalonia, including the dark ‘Tent’ so often used sacramentally. 1926R. N. Salaman Potato Varieties v. 28 A red,..when selfed, gives rise to three plants bearing red tubers to one bearing white. 1929W. Faulkner Sartoris ii. v. 125 Got an old red we been saving for you... John would have enjoyed that fox. 1961Guardian 24 Oct. 8/6 Some Russian dry whites and reds, selling at as little as 7s. 6d. a bottle. 1968Ibid. 23 Feb. 9/6 No Swiss reds are of real distinction. 1968K. Weatherly Roo Shooter 8 A number of roos were resting. The big buck was typical of the reds, standing on his tips about seven feet. 1972E. Hargreaves Fair Green Weed vii. 93 I'm to buy in more cattle, good reds, in the herd book. 1976Southern Evening Echo (Southampton) 18 Nov. 16/6 Least wastage was 1½oz. from a pound of ‘Reds’. 1977Age (Melbourne) 18 Jan. 13/2 Let me forecast in no uncertain terms that this policy can lead only to a severe shortage of high quality reds in five years' time. 1977Grimsby Even. Tel. 24 May 12/4 Principal sorts were: Cod.., coley.., rockfish.., reds.
†c. The menses. Obs.
1563T. Hill Art Garden. (1593) 69 Cummine seeds..doth stay the much bleeding at the nose, and womens excesse of the Reddes. 1601Holland Pliny II. 268 Herb Robert..and Hyocisthis..do stay the flux of reds or whites. 1664R. Turner Brit. Physician 189 [copying Gerarde].
†d. Red cheeks. nonce-use.
1616J. Lane Contn. Sqr.'s T. x. 212 Canace, whose bothe reddes paeld deadlie teene.
6. a. pl. Red men; North American Indians.
1804C. B. Brown tr. Volney's View Soil U.S. 351 A body..capable of defending itself both against whites and reds, the savage on the one hand, and the land jobber on the other. 1889Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 11 May 1/7 A fight occurred between Indians and cowboys near that post, and..three of the reds were killed.
b. A radical, republican, or anarchist. Now freq. spec., a Russian Bolshevik; a communist, or extreme socialist. Phr. reds under the bed, used to denote an exaggerated or obsessive fear of the presence and harmful influence of communist sympathizers in a particular society, institution, etc.
1851Punch XX. 245/2, I dreamt that I stood in the Crystal Halls, With Chartists and Reds at my side. 1864Tennyson Aylmer's F. 251 The next day came a neighbour. Blues and reds They talk'd of. 1882Spectator 2 Dec. 1535 They fret as if they were Reds under a Cæsar. 1892Mrs. H. Ward David Grieve II. 349 My father was a Red—an Anarchist. 1922S. Lewis Babbitt v. 56 Say, juh notice in the paper the way the New York Assembly stood up to the Reds? 1928D. L. Sayers Lord Peter views Body iii. 44 I'm a Tory, if anything. I'm certainly not a Red. Why should I help to snatch the good gold from the Primrose Leaguers and hand it over to the Third International? 1931P. Hodges Britmis i. 20 The Orenburg Army,..had been operating against the Reds south of the Trans-Siberian Railway. 1940[see liberal n. 1 c]. 1947Partisan Rev. XIV. 354 ‘All those guys,’ he said, ‘are just sore because they are not rich. Give any one of them a million dollars and they would forget all about being reds.’ 1957Economist 7 Dec. 882/2 Dr Villeda..has been at pains to show the Americans that he is no red. 1972Times 24 May 16/3 This sort of ‘reds under the bed’ scare..could only be counter-productive. 1974Socialist Worker 23 Nov. 16/1 The question now is whether the Broad Left leadership has the guts to campaign openly against the Social Contract and for a {pstlg}30 a week claim in the face of mounting hostility from the government and an increasingly bitter Reds under the Bed campaign from the forces of reaction inside and outside the NUM leadership. 1976C. Bermant Coming Home i. i. 16 There came the depredations of the Russian civil war, first from the Reds then the Whites. 1976West Lancs. Evening Gaz. 15 Dec., Apparently it is usual practice for Tory writers, if they think an election is imminent, to re-hash previous pre-election writings, same methods, reds under the bed, Communists, or other disguises becoming members of the Labour Party. 1977‘J. Le Carré’ Hon. Schoolboy xiii. 303 There's a story that you people had some local Russian embassy link... Any Reds under your bed..if I may ask?
7. Chiefly U.S. A red cent (see sense 3 c of the adj.).
1849Alta California (San Francisco) 12 July 1/5 Silver is not Plenty on the Pharaoh and his host's Tables, and any body can sea it, and bet a red on any card he chuses. 1856‘Ockside’ & ‘Doesticks’ Hist. & Rec. Elephant Club 244 Judge—‘Have you got ten dollars?’ Mr. W.—‘'Tis true, I hain't a red.’ 1865‘Mark Twain’ in Harte & ‘Twain’ Sk. Sixties (1926) 199 Greely would ante up money on him as long as he had a red. 1905J. London Let. 1 June (1966) 173, I don't care a red how much the Lazar-sheets roast me. 1922Joyce Ulysses 151 Didn't cost him a red. 1936J. A. McKenna Black Range Tales 267 Many who came into Frisco had not a dad-blasted red left to their name.
8. ellipt. for red alert (sense 19 a of the adj.).
1943B. Nixon Raiders Overhead iii. 28 Every night, and all night, there were raids. On the evening of the 16th the ‘red’ came up at 8.5 p.m. 1943G. Greene Ministry of Fear iv. i. 223 Yellow's up... About time for the Red I should think.
9. Naut. The port side of a ship. Also quasi-adv.
1948Partridge Dict. Forces' Slang 153 Red, the, the port side of a ship. It shows a red light. 1956‘Taffrail’ Arctic Convoy xi. 103 Someone shouted: ‘There they are, sir! Bearing red nine-oh!’—otherwise ninety degrees on the port beam. 1958W. King Stick & Stars 66 Object bearing red five oh.
10. = red-bird 2, red devil 3. slang.
1967W. Murray Sweet Ride vii. 107 It's pills, mostly. Reds, goofballs, all kinds. And grass, of course. 1969Oz May 21/1 Mixing ‘reds’ & alcohol can lead to a one way trip because the two drugs potentiate each other, i.e. 1 + 1 = more than 2. 1972J. Wambaugh Blue Knight (1973) xvi. 293 What've you got, boy? Bennies or reds? Or maybe you're an acid freak?
11. Comb., as (sense 6 b) red-hunting vbl. n. and ppl. a. See also red-baiting vbl. n.
1927U. Sinclair Oil! 313 Sure thing! He's nuts on this red-hunting business, and the pinks are worse than the reds, he says. 1935H. L. Ickes Secret Diary (1953) I. 402 He feels about Red hunting just as I do and thinks it is absurd to deny communists an opportunity to express themselves or to have a ticket on the ballot. 1962M. McCarthy On Contrary 37 Such Red-hunting publications as Counter-attack.
▸ Particle Physics. An arbitrary choice of one colour of a set of three, analogous to the three primary colours. One of the three quark colours (colour n.1 17).
1966A. Pais in A. Zichichi Recent Devel. Particle Symmetries 406 Assume you have three sets of quarks, each an SU(6) sextet but distinguished from one another by some attribute I do not know, say red, white and blue. 1989H. Georgi in P. Davies New Physics xv. 429/1 If the colour state is, for example, {vb}red{cb} + {vb}blue{cb}, then a measurement of the quark colour will give red 50% of the time and blue 50% of the time. 2005M. Livio Equation that couldn't be Solved vii. 220 Each quark flavor comes in three different colors, conventionally called red, green, and blue.
▸ Particle Physics. Of a quark: having the colour red (sense Additions).
1966A. Pais in A. Zichichi Recent Devel. Particle Symmetries 406 If a baryon is made up of a red, a white and a blue quark, they are all different fermions and you thus get rid of the forced antisymmetry of the spatial wave function. 1982Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79 7966 Quarks come in three colors..because they might have a red color charge or a green color charge or a blue color charge. 1998Sci. Amer. Nov. 53 Gluons..are themselves colored. A red quark, for instance, can turn into a blue quark by radiating a red/antiblue gluon.
▸ In Europe: designating a ski run or trail suitable for intermediate users, marked with a red symbol and represented on a map in red.
Quot. 1964 refers to a former system in the United States.
[1964Ski Area Managem. Fall 42/2 The red diamond-shaped sign for extra caution..should..be used to warn of special hazards..or..of particularly steep slopes.] 1974H. Evans et al. We learned to Ski 33 Here is what we have found to be the general pattern of designation in Europe... Red: difficult, for advanced intermediate and above. 1980Times 8 Mar. 11/2 Excellent instructors..enabled me to cope with the moderately difficult red runs by the end of the week. 2004Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 4 Jan. 1 We were four snowboarders led by Filippo. From the top of the cable car I could see that the red piste down the mountain was steep, wide and in beautiful condition.
▸ red-card v. trans. (a) to boycott or disallow; to exclude; (b) Sport (of a referee) to signal the dismissal of (a player) from the field by the showing of a red card.
1935N.Y. Times 8 Dec. f9/3 The Guild had decided to require new pledges from retailers on the extension of style protection to all price lines and to ‘*red card’ those refusing to sign. 1979Washington Post 28 July c5/3 Last season, Washington's Mike Dillon jostled a referee in Dallas after being red-carded and received a six-game suspension. 1996Sunday Sport 29 Sept. 46/3 Referee Paul Danson's catalogue of cock-ups left the Roker men with Mission Impossible after he cruelly red-carded Martin Scott and Paul Stewart in the first half. 2000Dandy 27 May 19/2 I'm red-carding football, we'll play a different game!
▸ red-diaper adj. U.S. (also with capital initial) designating or relating to the children of radical left-wing (esp. communist) parents.
1965Chicago Tribune 29 Aug. i. 16/1 In the forefront of the student rebellion are second generation Communists, known as ‘*red diaper babies’, whose parents are party professionals. 1984Social Text No. 9–10. 277 Without the vague discontent, less articulated but wider and perhaps also ultimately deeper than the dissipated 50s bohemianism or the small if potent subculture of the red diaper left, the 60s as we know them would never have happened. 2002N.Y. Mag. 30 Sept. 55/1 Folk music is this New York thing. It was around, and not just like Judy Collins and Peter, Paul & Mary, songs they sang in the red-diaper summer camps.
▸ Red Leicester n. a firm-textured, orange-coloured, full-milk cheese with a mild flavour, of a type originally made in Leicestershire; = Leicester n. b.
1966Grocer 5 Nov. (Suppl.) 13/2 Film wrapped varieties: White and coloured Scotch Cheddar,..Double Gloucester, *Red Leicester. 1972G. Chapman et al. Monty Python's Flying Circus (1989) II. xxxiii. 142 I'm afraid we're fresh out of Red Leicester, sir. 1988P. Rance Great Brit. Cheese Bk. v. 53 A Red Leicester and a Double Gloucester have little noticeable difference from each other. 2003Washington Post (Nexis) 14 Jan. f1 What Kenneth likes to eat most is Red Leicester cheese in a bowl, which he has every day for lunch.
▸ red mercury n. a powerful mercury-based substance rumoured to have been manufactured in Russia and elsewhere, and suggested as a potential ingredient of (esp. terrorist) nuclear weapons.
1990Cultural Anthropol. 5 168 A variety of goods are traded and bartered that have little use for the Sudanese, for example, *red mercury, cobalt, uranium, cocaine, and heroin. 1992Independent 13 Apr. 1/6 For the past two years, and particularly since the collapse of the Soviet Union, offers for the sale of a mysterious substance known as ‘red mercury’ have been cropping up across Europe at prices up to {pstlg}300,000 a kilo. 1995New Scientist 29 Apr. 4/3 Barnaby has concluded that it is a polymer with a gel-like consistency in which mercury and antimony have been bound together after irradiation for up to 20 days in a nuclear reactor... Red mercury itself, he claims, was first produced in 1965 in a cyclotron at the nuclear research centre at Dubna, near Moscow, and is now made at ‘a number’ of Russian military centres. 2002Moscow Times (Nexis) 27 Sept. Osmium, as was red mercury, is offered for sale as an essential material used in nuclear weapons production by various hucksters.
▸ red mist n. the apparent physiological effect of a rush of blood to the head in anger or excitement, represented as an impediment to vision; (usu. fig.) a fit of extreme rage or violent passion that clouds one's judgement.
1857W. M. Thackeray Virginians in Harper's Mag. Dec. 63/2 A choking, dreadful feeling arrested my breath; the ground rocked beneath my feet; a *red mist swam before my eyes—I staggered—I fell! 1877Appletons' Jrnl. Apr. 350 A red mist swam before my eyes, And all the fiery evening skies Seemed stained with blood. 1901R. Kipling Kim iii. 60 He was led to speak harshly by the Red Mist of anger. a1911D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. iv. 52 The blood was pouring into her cheeks, was steaming in her brain, making a red mist before her eyes. 1992N. Hornby Fever Pitch 57 Shortly before his goal against Newcastle, one of the frequent red mists that plagued him had descended, and he had grabbed a rugged Newcastle defender by the throat and lifted him from the ground. 2002Mirror 18 Mar. (‘Mania’ section) 3/2 Suffo was then sent off for head-butting scorer McInnes, with the Scot needing six stitches over his eye. Warnock added: ‘We told Santos not to let the red mist come down.’
▸ red ribbon n. (a) U.S. an award given for coming second in a contest; (b) chiefly Canad. an award given for coming first in a contest; (c) a small loop of red ribbon worn as an international symbol of Aids awareness (introduced in 1990 by the art activism group Visual AIDS, led by artist Frank Moore).
1872Ann. Rep. Missouri Board Agric. 1871 135/2 As will be noted, though unsuccessful in obtaining a blue or even a *red ribbon, U. S. Grant was among the exhibitors. 1884Baily's Mag. Aug. 444 It looked odds on his getting the red ribbon, as he had nothing to beat but Gendarme... The judges, however, decided in favour of the latter. 1982Christian Sci. Monitor (Electronic ed.) 9 July 4 Marcelee Cashmere's..pie and peach cobbler each won a second-place red ribbon. 1990Los Angeles Times 10 Apr. e11/2 The money will go to the Ryan White Fund to defray costs of medical care for children with AIDS... Employees had been wearing red ribbons to show they were pulling for Ryan White. 1996Toronto Star (Nexis) 29 Aug. os1 I've been submitting my pickles for years and it was..an honor to win that red ribbon. 2001Chron. Higher Educ. 2 Mar. a45 In a report on AIDS and African universities..Father Kelly presented his findings... He wore a small red ribbon on his lapel.
▸ red route n. chiefly Brit. an urban traffic route, marked with a red line along the side of the road, on which there are severe penalties for motorists stopping or parking.
1989Daily Tel. 12 Apr. 10/8 A group of Conservative MPs.., known as the *Red Route Group,..wants a ban on parking on some primary routes. 1991Municipal Rev. (Assoc. Metropolitan Authorities) Jan.–Feb. 234/2 The Road Traffic Bill..amends various aspects of traffic law, notably on dangerous driving. The creation of ‘Red Routes’ in London..is likely to be the most controversial area. 2003Independent (Nexis) 13 Feb. The police could do their bit too by proper enforcement of bus lane rules, clamping down on vehicles parked on red routes in order to make deliveries during the rush hour, [etc.].
▪ II. † red, v. Obs.
[OE. réadian, f. réad red a. Cf. OHG. rôtên (MHG. rôten), f. rôt red.]
1. intr.
a. To be red.
b. To become or grow red; to blush; = redden v. 2 and 2 b.
c975Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 3 To-dæᵹe biþ hreanis, readaþ forþon unrotlice þe heofun. c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 330 Nim..hwitne æppel þe þonne ᵹyt ne readiᵹe. a1310in Wright Lyric P. ix. 34 Eyther cheke [is] Whit y-noh ant rode on eke ase rosen when hit redes. 1390Gower Conf. II. 7 For oght that is befalle Mai noman do my chekes rede. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 168 Muche sholde oure crystyn Prynces reede and be ashamyd.
2. trans. To make red; = redden v. 1.
a1225Ancr. R. 356 And nes Godes rode þuruh his deorewurðe blode iruded & ireaded. Ibid. 402 Jesu Crist ireaded mid his owune blode oðe rode. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 695/1 He did redde and dyed them with their own bloud. 1611Cotgr., Aynets, little rods, or twigs, wherin herrings are threaded, and layed on hurdles to be redded. 1676Moxon Print Lett. 12 By Redding or Blacking the Backside of your Paper. a1703Burkitt On N.T., 1 John iii. 13 The prosecutor goes about with Cain's club in his hand, redded with blood. 1736Ainsworth Lat. Dict. s.v. Rubidus, Bread redded in the oven, and scorched.
▪ III. red
var. rad a.2; obs. f. (pa. tense, etc.) of read v., var. redd, obs. f. rede n. and v., reed n.
▪ IV. red
variant of read n.1
▪ V. red, white, and blue
see red a. 1 g. |