| 释义 |
▪ I. with, n.|wɪθ|
Also 8 wyth, width, wieth, 8– withe.
[? Corruption of width.]
A partition between flues in a chimney stack: locally termed mid-feather.
1708Act 7 Anne c. 17 §10 All Withs the Inside of such Chimnies shall be Four Inches and an Half in Breadth. 1717V. Mandey Mellificium Mensionis (1727) 382 The Breasts and Wings, and Wieths [of the chimneys]. 1734Builder's Dict. s.v. Chimney, If they [sc. the Chimney-Shafts] be wrought nine Inches thick,..then you must account your Thickness one Brick and half, in consideration of Wyths and Pargetting, and Trouble in Scaffolding. 1736R. Neve Builder's Dict. (ed. 3) s.v. Chimney, In Consideration of the Widths, Pargeting, and Scaffolding. 1748B. Langley Lond. Prices 327 The Widths of Chimneys. 1844Act 7 & 8 Vict. c. 84 Sched. (F) The Breast of every Chimney, and the Front, Back, Withe, or Partition of every Flue, must be at the least Four Inches in Thickness of sound Bricks. 1905Pract. Brickwork (ed. P. N. Hasluck) xii. 100 It will be necessary to tie in the withs on the stretching course.
▪ II. with, prep., (adv., conj.)
(wɪð; chiefly north. wɪθ)
Forms: 1–3 wið, 1–5 wiþ, 3–5 wyþ, wit, wid (9– colloq. and dial. wid), 4–5 wyt, 4–6 wyth(t, withe, (3 wyd, wiz, wih', Orm. wiþþ, 3–5 wiht, 4 witt, wiȝt(h, wyht, wyȝt, whiþ, Sc. vith, 4–5 whit, 5 wyt(t)he, whyt(h, whith, witȝ, weþ, Sc. wygh(e, wyghte, wycht, 6 wight, witht, Sc. vitht, quhit, wutht, 7–9 north. dial. wud, 8–9 Sc. and north. dial. wi', 9 dial. wiv, way), 2– with; abbreviated 4–7 wt, 5–7 wth (6 wth).
[OE. wið = OFris. with, OS. wið, ON. við (Sw. vid, Da. ved): app. a shortening (peculiar to the Anglo-Frisian and Scandinavian areas) of the Com. Teut. *wider- (see s.v. wither a. and adv. and wither-1), perh. taking place orig. in compounds (cf. with- and the parallelism of OE. wiþcéosan and wiþercéosan to reject, wiþstandan and wiþerstandan to withstand, etc.).
As an adv., with occurs as the second element in composition with other advs. denoting direction, motion, or extension: forwith forouth, forrow), forthwith, inwith, outwith utouth), downwith, upwith.]
A. prep. The prevailing senses of this prep. in the earliest periods are those of opposition (‘against’) and of motion or rest in proximity (‘towards’, ‘alongside’), which are now current only in certain traditional collocations or specific applications. These notions readily pass into fig. uses denoting various kinds of relations, among which those implying reciprocity are at first prominent. The most remarkable development in the signification of with consists in its having taken over in the ME. period the chief senses belonging properly to OE. mid mid prep.1 (cognate with Gr. µετά with). These senses are mainly those denoting association, combination or union, instrumentality or means, and attendant circumstance. These are all important senses of ON. við, to which fact their currency and ultimate predominance in the English word are partly due. The last important stage was the extension of with from the instrument to the agent, in which use it was current for different periods along with of and through, and later with by, which finally superseded the other three. The range of meanings in general has no doubt been enlarged by association with L. cum. The interaction of senses and sense-groups has been such that the position of a particular sense in the order of development is often difficult to determine.
In common with other preps. with can be postponed to the end of an interrogative or relative clause introduced by its regimen; but in ME. it was freq. placed immediately after the verb in relative clauses, e.g. þes rentis þat þe fend haþ dowed wiþ clerkis = these revenues with which the Devil has endowed clerics. In postposition it was for a long period extensively replaced by withal (q.v. B). I. Denoting opposition and derived notions (separation; motion towards).
†1.
a. In a position opposite to; over against: = against 1. Chiefly in advb. phrases with repeated n., as face with face, where to is now used.
c893ælfred Oros. i. i. §31 Be norðan is se sæ, þe æᵹþer is ᵹe nearo ᵹe hreoh, wið Italia þam lande. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark xii. 41 Sætt se hælend wið..ðæs dores. c1175Lamb. Hom. 61 Cristes wille bo us bitwon neb wið neb for him to son. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 105 His wise wordes þe he wið hem spec muð wið muðe. c1205Lay. 1874 Breoste wið breoste banes þer crakeden. a1300[see face n. 2 d].
b. In exchange, return, or payment for: = against 14, for 6. Obs. exc. dial.
The related senses ‘in compensation for’, ‘in comparison with’ are only OE.
c893ælfred Oros. iv. xiii. §1 Hit Scipia nolde him aliefan wið nanum oþrum þinge butan hie him ealle hiera wæpeno aᵹeafen. 993Battle of Maldon 35 We willað wið þam golde grið fæstnian. c1000ælfric Exod. xxi. 24 Eaᵹe wið eaᵹan, toþ wiþ teð. 1442in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1444 64/1 The landis of..Pettendrech, the quhilkis war changeit with the landis of Dunottir. a1568R. Ascham Scholem. i. (Arb.) 27 If the childe misse, either in forgetting a worde, or in chaunging a good with a worse. 1570in Shropsh. Par. Doc. (1903) 63 Rec. at the chaunge of the cupp wth the challeis viis. iid. 1637Rutherford Lett., to M. Mowat 7 Sept. (1671) 165 We might barter or niffer our lazie ease with a profitable cross.
2. Of conflict, antagonism, dispute, injury, reproof, competition, rivalry, and the like: In opposition to, adversely to: = against 12 a, 12 b, 12 d.
Still the normal prep. with such words as battle, chide, compete, conflict, contend, dispute, fight, quarrel, strive, struggle, vie, war, and phrases like go to law, at odds, but now associated with or merged in 8, 13 b, or 20.
Beowulf 152 Grendel wan hwile wið Hroþgar. a900Cynewulf Elene 836 Hie wið Godes bearne nið ahofun. 900–30O.E. Chron. an. 853 (Parker MS.), Ealhere mid Cantwarum, & Huda mid Suþriᵹium ᵹefuhton on Tenet wiþ hæþnum heriᵹe. a1000Gnomic Verses ii. 187 Weriᵹ scealc wiþ winde roweþ. c1175Lamb. Hom. 19 Þet he ne misdude wið oderne. Ibid. 129 Of þan icompe þe ure drihten hefde wið þene feond. c1200Ormin 16981 Ȝiff þa mihhtenn witenn itt þatt haffdenn niþ wiþþ Criste. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 57 He praied him for his nauy to help him with summ. c1440Alphabet of Tales 124 Þis knight askid hym if he kend oght with hym selfe. 1590[see conflict n. 1]. 1596Edw. III, ii. ii, Poore shipskin, how it braules with him that beateth it! 1611Shakes. Wint. T. i ii. 355 One, Who in Rebellion with himselfe, will haue All that are his, so too. 1668Walton Angler iv. (ed. 4) 66 He [sc. the trout] may justly contend with all fresh-water-Fish, as the Mullet may with all Sea-Fish. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 357 Let us go and have t'other Brush with them. 1736Gentl. Mag. VI. 334/1 Let the Boys be set a running, as it were, with one another, in getting without Book. 1851Newman Pres. Pos. Cath. vi. §7 Invention cannot run with prejudice. Prejudice wins. 1909Dublin Rev. Jan. 128 Amazons at handgrips with a long-suffering police.
†3. Of resistance, defence, protection, warning, caution: = against 13 a, 13 b. Obs.
Beowulf 540 Wit unc wið hronfixas werian þohton. 971Blickl. Hom. 171 Þa woldan hie on ecnesse hæle & trume wið deofla niþum & helle witum. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 130 Wiþ bryne ᵹenim finules niþeweardes. c1040Bidding Prayer in Lay Folks Mass Bk. 62 Þæt hy us ᵹehealdan & ᵹescyldan wið ealra feonda costnunga. c1175Lamb. Hom. 53 Þe feder and þe sune and þe halie gast iscilde us..wið alle sunnen. a1225Ancr. R. 224 Hu ȝe schulen witen ou wið þes deofles wieles. c1320Cast. Love 826 Þe seue berbicans abouten,..witeþ þis Castel so wel Wiþ arwe and wiþ qwarel. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xi. (Symon & Iudas) 203 For þat þu suld mar vnwar be Vith þi fais.
†4. Of separation or deliverance: = from 6, 6 b. Obs. (See also 19 c.)
Beowulf 2423 Sundur ᵹedælan lif wið lice. a1000Cædmon's Gen. 127 Þa ᵹesundrode siᵹora waldend..leoht wið þeostrum, sceade wið sciman. a1250Owl & Night. 610 Me is lof to cristes huse To clansi hit wiþ fule muse.
5.
†a. Towards, in the direction of: = against 5. (Only OE.) Obs.
Beowulf 213 Streamas wundon sund wið sande. Ibid. 1880 Ac him on hreþre hyᵹebendum fæst æfter deorum men dyrne langað beorn wið blode. 900–30O.E. Chron. an. 894 (Parker MS.), Þa wende he hine west wið Exanceastres. a1000Riddles iv. 42 Þonne scearp cymeð sceo wiþ oþrum, ecg wið ecge. c1000ælfric Saints' Lives xxvi. 204 Sum weᵹfarende man ferde wið þone feld.
b. Near or close to, against, alongside. Now only Naut. with words denoting proximity and consequently belonging more properly to 18.
Beowulf 326 Setton..rondas reᵹnhearde wið þæs recedes weal. Ibid. 2566 Stiðmod ᵹestod wið steapne rond winia bealdor. 900–30O.E. Chron. an. 878 (Parker MS.), æt Alre, & þæt is wiþ æþelingga eiᵹe. c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke viii. 5 Þa he þæt seow sum feoll wið þæne weᵹ. c1050Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 447/25 Murotenus, wið ðone weall. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 113 Bischop Bawdewyn abof bi-ginez þe table, & Ywan, Vryn son, ette wit hymseluen. 14..Sailing Directions (Hakl. Soc.) 12 Than go your cours with the horse shoo south southwest. Ibid. 13 Fro Seint Margret steyers and ye will go with Dengenes, your best way is south south west. 1579–80North Plutarch, Theseus (1595) 10 By force of weather driven with the coast of Sicile. 1591Raleigh Last Fight Rev. (Arb.) 24 A fourth ranne her selfe with the shore to saue her men. 1625Purchas Pilgrims II. 1133 An houre after Sunne rising, we were with a very long and faire point. 1708–[see in adv. 9 b]. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. vii. 212 One of our prizes was ordered to stand close in with it [sc. the land]. 1788J. White Jrnl. Voy. N.S. Wales (1790) 108 As we run in with the land,..we were surprised to see..some small patches of snow. 1849W. R. O'Byrne Naval Biogr. Dict. 661/2 At the cutting out, close in with the enemy's batteries of La Guépe privateer. 1860Dickens Uncomm. Trav. ii, A man..saw..some dark troubled object close in with the land.
c. Into the presence or immediate proximity of (and in derived fig. uses): following such verbs as encounter, fall in, meet, etc., q.v. (Now associated with 19.)
†6. Governing a demonstrative pronoun, forming conjunctive phrases: with than (the, that), with that, with thi (that), wiþi, wyþy, rarely with this (that) [see than dem. pron., that conj. 1 c, thy adv.]:
a. On condition that, provided that, if.
c1000ælfric Saints' Lives xii. 118 Nolde he syllan ealle his æhta þeah þe he weliᵹ wære, wið þan þe he libban moste. a1200Moral Ode 152 in O.E. Hom. I. 169 Eure he walde her inne wawe and ine wene wunien Wið þet he mihte helle pine bi-flien. c1205Lay. 8253 Al þine wille he wule don, wið þon þe þu him ȝeue grið. a1300Siriz 192, Ich wile ȝeve the riche mede With that hit be so. a1300St. Thomas 184 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 22 Grete bewtes to him he bed..Withi he wold dwell with him still. c1300Havelok 532, I shal maken þe fre,..With-þan þu wilt þis childe take. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 493 With-thi ȝe giff me all the land, That ȝe haiff now in-till ȝour hand. c1400Beryn 3972 Tomorow I woll be redy his hest to fulfill, With this I have save condit. 1473Paston Lett. III. 100, I wolde he had it for vij. yeer, with thys that my moodre be agreable to the same. 1497in Somerset Med. Wills (1901) 353, I will that Isabell my doughter, shal haue all suche stuffe [etc.] whit that she marie by thaduyce of my executours. c1500Lancelot 960, I grant yow leif, withthy Your name to me that ȝe wil specify. c1500Crow & Pie v. in Child Ballads II. 478 Haue ye thys, my dere swetyng, With that ye wylbe lemman myn.
†b. With the intention that, in order that, to the end that. Obs.
c888ælfred Boeth. xxxiii. §2 He..forlæt mæniᵹne weoruldlust wið þæm þe he þone welan beᵹete & ᵹehealde. Ibid. xl. §5 Me wære leofre þæt ic onette wið þæs þæt ic þe moste ᵹelæstan þæt ic þe ær ᵹehet. a1225Juliana 3 Þe liflade of a meiden þat is of latin iturnd to englische leode, wið þon þat teos hali leafdi in heouene luuie us þe mare.
II. Denoting personal relation, agreement, association, connexion, union, addition.
* Senses denoting primarily activity towards or influence upon a person or thing.
7. a. After words denoting speech or other verbal communication between persons (with the person as obj.); properly of mutual communication, but formerly sometimes merely = to, as in quot. 1480.
Beowulf 365 Hy benan synt þæt hie..wið þe moton wordum wrixlan. a1000Riddles xl. 12 Ne hafað hio fot ne folm,..ne muð hafaþ ne wiþ monnum spræc. c1205Lay. 14069 He wolde wið þan kinge holden runinge. c1300Harrow. Hell 123 Y shal speke þe wyht Ant do þe to holde gryht. c1386Chaucer Melib. ⁋755, I prey yow lat me speke with youre Aduersaries in priuee place. c1420Prose Life Alex. 14 He went..for to consaile wit a godd þat þay called Amon. 1470–1760 [see question v. 2]. c1480Henryson Bludy Serk 106 Scho said nay, With men þat wald hir wed. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xiii. 15 Sum with his fallow rownis. 1555–[see conference 4]. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 230 White handed Mistris, one sweet word with thee. 1670in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 16 Give me leave to be ingennuous with your Honour, that mannifacture grows worse daylie. a1700Evelyn Diary 9 Feb. 1665, I had much discourse with his Lordship. 1753–4Richardson Grandison III. viii. 109 But, unseasonably, as the event shewed, Father Marescotti, being talked with, was earnest to be allowed to visit her. 1884Conway Bound Together I. 181 For many years Mrs. Blatchford had held little communication with her family.
b. Followed by refl. pron., in reference to soliloquy, consideration, determination, etc. arch.
1530Palsgr. 514/2 Whan I determyne with my selfe to do a thyng. 1553[see weigh v.1 12 c]. 1564Harding Answ. Jewel 180 Saye this with thy selfe. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 443 Bicause you are braue, disdaine not those that are base, thinke with your selues that russet coates haue their Christendome. a1592Greene Alphonsus iv. iii, Remember with your selues. 1707Curios. Husb. & Gard. 201, I imagin'd with my self..that..we might multiply..the very same curious Plants. 1741Watts Improv. Mind i. i. §1 (1786) 5 Think seriously with yourselves how many follies and sorrows you had escaped.
†c. After communicate, impart (information), orig. = ‘share’ (cf. 20). Obs. (now replaced by to).
1559,1704[see communicate v. 2]. 1571[see impart v. 2]. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. 4 More readie..to impart your experiments with me. 1623Bingham Xenophon 65 He..communicated his dream with him.
8. a. After words expressing transaction or dealing between persons (with the person as obj.).
Beowulf 155 Grendel..sibbe ne wolde wið manna hwone mæᵹenes Deniᵹa. c893ælfred Oros. iii. v, æfter þæm þe Perse frið ᵹenaman wið Romanum. a1300Cursor M. 5848 (Gött.) Wid þe eldest folk of israel, Wid pharao þai went to dele. c1360Alexius 123 (MS. Ashmol. 42) in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 177 He..chaungid..his riche wede Wiþ a beggar. a1400–50–[see covenant n. 1 γ]. c1450–[see treaty n. 2, 3]. 1481Cely Papers (Camden) 72 Ye schall receyve..a lytyll fardell of felles that ys alowyd for iij felles with the costomer. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iii. i. 3 What's your will with me? 1637Rutherford Lett., to A. Colvill 19 Feb. (1671) 194, I will neither borrow nor lend with it [sc. this world]. 1659in Engl. Hist. Rev. (1920) Apr. 254, I will keepe my dayes with you as long as I am able. 1661in Extr. St. Papers rel. Friends Ser. ii. (1911) 139 Such of his Maiesties freindes as euer had occasion with me. 1780Mirror No. 110 ⁋1 To do justice to those with whom they have had dealings. 1838Thirlwall Hist. Greece xl. V. 115 To give audience to all who had business to transact with him. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 41 During Edward's wars our commerce with France was wholly broken off.
b. After words expressing conduct or feeling towards (a person, etc.).
In some cases now replaced by other prepositions, e.g. envious of. In expressions of hostile action or feeling, this coincides with 2.
c888ælfred Boeth. vii. §3 Hwi murcnast ðu wið min? c1000ælfric Gen. xii. 18 Hwi dydest ðu swa wið me? c1175Lamb. Hom. 27 Ȝif þu ert swiðe for-gult wið þine eorðliche lauerd. a1200Moral Ode 216 in O.E. Hom. I. 173 Ac helle king is are-les with þa þe he mei binden. a1250Owl & Night. 62 Ich wot þat þu art unmilde Wiþ hom þat ne muȝe from þe schilde. c1300Havelok 2705 Godrich, wat is þe Þat þou fare þus with me? c1400Brut. i. 18 Corneil his eldest douȝter..was so annoyed wiþ him and wiþ his peple. 1470–85Malory Arthur x. xxvii. 457 Thenne was kyng Arthur wroth with kynge Marke. 1526Tindale Matt. xviii. 29 Have pacience with me, and I will paye the all. 1577–in love with [see love n.1 7 d]. 1599B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. ii. vi, I am come to haue you play the Alchymist with me. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. ii. v. 162 Be opposite with a kinsman, surly with seruants. 1601― Jul. C. iii. i. 255 O pardon me..That I am meeke and gentle with these Butchers. 1636Bk. Com. Prayer, Catechism, To..be in charity with all men. 1677Earl of Essex in Essex Papers (Camden) II. 108 Ye soldier being very rough with ye Corporall, and refusing to pay. 1709Addison Tatler No. 108 ⁋3 Out of Humour with [see humour n. 8 a]. 1736–vesed with [see vex v. 4 b]. 1889J. K. Jerome Three Men in Boat 172, I..lost my temper with him.
9. a. Expressing a general relation to a person or thing, usually as affected in some way by the action, etc. spoken of: In the matter of, in regard to, towards, to, at, upon, about, concerning; in regard to the condition or fortune of.
Sometimes approaching the instrumental use, 37; or (with personal obj.) 8 b.
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xxix. 200 Ðæm ðeowan is to cyðonne ðæt he wiete ðæt he nis freoh wið his hlaford. c1205Lay. 19057 Þe king hire wende to..& hæfde him to done wið leofuest wimmonne. c1300Havelok 901 Þan men haueden holpen him doun With þe birþene of his croun. c1394P. Pl. Crede 742 Y miȝt tymen þo troiflardes to toilen wiþ þe erþe. c140026 Pol. Poems iv. 8 How it is wiþ hym, y kan not say. 14..Tundale's Vis. 2366 (MS. A.) How þei schuld be with don as Godus wyll wold. 1502Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 164 There was a servant of yours..was myschevously made away with. 1595Shakes. John v. vii. 111 Let vs pay the time but needfull woe, Since it hath beene before hand with our greefes. 1595–[see beforehand 1 c]. 1596–[see behind adv. 5 b]. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. i. i. 33 Heauen doth with vs, as we, with Torches doe. 1610B. Jonson Alch. i. iii, You shall deale much with mineralls. 1624Capt. J. Smith Virginia i. 16 We tooke more Cod then we knew what to doe with. 1660South Serm., Matt. xiii. 52 (1727) IV. 27 When the Rooters and Through-Reformers made clean Work with the Church. a1715Burnet Own Time (1724) I. 557 He told me, it was not decent to be merry with such a matter. 1715–[see matter n.1 25 b]. 1753–4Richardson Grandison II. xv. 116 Things,..that we have no business with. 1755Connoisseur No. 100 ⁋5 All these indignities I very patiently put up with. 1799G. S. Carey Balnea (ed. 2) 159 The walks..have been taken a great deal of pains with. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T., Prussian Vase (1816) I. 211 What do you want with me? 1814Wordsw. Excurs. vii. 194 The..Master's hand Was busier with his task. 1816Lady Granville Lett. (1894) I. 101 His manner is brusque and short, and I got on but little with him. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxxviii, He knows how to manage with her. 1823Scoresby Jrnl. 391 This anxiety with myself. 1841Browning Pippa Passes i. 228 God's in his heaven—All's right with the world! 1865Kingsley Herew. viii, He surpassed Ptolemy with the astrolabe. 1873H. E. Roscoe in Owens Coll. Ess. & Addr. (1874) 56 Experiments on the properties of vanadium..made with much larger quantities than it fell to the lot of the Swedish chemist to work with. 1887Lewis Carroll Game of Logic iv. 95 She is perhaps a little over⁓doing it, in the way of lessons, with her children. 1923Times Lit. Suppl. 18 Jan. 34/3 Getting through with work as quickly as possible.
(b)1809Malkin Gil Blas i. vi. ⁋4 Get along with you, and go to bed. 1897go along with you [see go v. 73 a].
b. After an adv. or phr. with ellipsis of or equivalent to a verb, usually imperative: e.g. away with it = ‘take it away’, down with it = ‘put or throw it down’, etc.
c1377in Minor Poems Vernon MS. 718/99, I ou Rede..Þat vch a Mon vp wiþ þe hede, And Mayntene him boþe heiȝe and lowe. c1388in Wyclif's Sel. Wks. III. 472 His proude clerkis schal downe wiþ þer pride. 1477Sir J. Paston in P. Lett. III. 199 My charges be gretter than I maye a weye with. 1528Impeachm. Wolsey in Furniv. Ballads from MSS. I. 360 Down with thy tayle, and of with thy goldyn shone. 1535–[see down adv. 25 b]. 1598Shakes. Merry W. iv. ii. 239 Come, to the Forge with it. 1603― Meas. for M. v. i. 121 To prison with her. Ibid. 313 To th' racke with him. 1708[see in adv. 1 c]. 1843Blackw. Mag. LIV. 75 To the foul fiend with Rosley Castle!
†c. In case of, in the event of. Obs. rare.
1625Purchas Pilgrims II. 1140 A good Hauen with all weathers. 1751R. Paltock P. Wilkins (1884) II. 209, I don't know what we should do with fires; we see the dread of them sufficiently.
d. In phr. with reference, regard, respect to: see reference n. 3 b, regard n. 13, respect n. 7. So † with (now in) comparison to.
1669Hist. Pope's Nephews (1673) i. 38 When once he had put on the habit of a Priest, he could hardly..know himself with comparison to what he was before.
e. what's with―? what about, what are the circumstances of?; how are things with, what's the matter with? colloq. (orig. U.S.).
1940J. O'Hara Pal Joey 125 What's with the free food? Explain. 1962E. Linington Extra Kill viii. 122 He says..‘What's with Whalen?’ When he hears Whalen's out, he gets mad. 1969‘V. Packer’ Don't rely on Gemini (1970) viii. 62 ‘What's with you and these long baths?’ Archie asked. 1978K. Amis Jake's Thing xv. 158 What's with Jake is that he can't get it up any more, and what's with Brenda is she thinks it's her fault for having gotten middle-aged and fat.
10. In the opinion, view, or estimation of; ‘in the sight of’.
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 507 Nu þu..hæfst þe wið drihten dyrne ᵹeworhtne. c1000ælfric Saints' Lives xxvii. 171 Scyldiᵹ wið god. a1300Cursor M. 9521 He had an anlepe son, Þat wit his fader was sa wele Þat [he] wist his wisdom ilk dele. c1430Life St. Kath. (1884) 92 He was so gret wyth þe Emperour. 1474Stonor Papers (Camden) I. 149 Remembryng how grettely in consette ye stonde..with a gentylwoman. 1572Treat. of Treasons agst. Q. Eliz. 61 b, To discredite those Noble persons with the people. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 56 To slay men, to inuade the dominions of other people, and to rifle their goods..are with them no offences at all. 1608–go down with [see go v. 80 g]. 1611Bible 1 Pet. ii. 20 This is acceptable with God. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. Table Gg 3/2 Cycala-Bassa..is out of credit with the Grand Signior. c1646Milton Sonn., On new Forcers Consc. 10 Men whose Life, Learning, Faith and pure intent Would have been held in high esteem with Paul. 1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. i. 558 Every man with him was God or Devil. 1709Pope Ess. Crit. 338 Most by Numbers judge a Poet's song; And smooth or rough, with them is right or wrong. 1823Byron Juan xiii. xxiv, Juan stood well both with Ins and Outs. 1841Browning Pippa Passes ad. fin., All service is the same with God.
11. a. In the practice or experience of, in the life or conduct or, in (one's) case; sometimes spec. in the language or statement of, according to. (With pl. obj. = among A. 6.)
a1310in Wright Lyric P. v. 25 He is coral y-cud with cayser ant knyht. a1352Minot Poems (ed. Hall) iii. 69 Þan with þam was none oþer gle. 1478Stonor Papers (Camden) II. 35 Schepe was neuer so der with vs. 1526Tindale Matt. xix. 26 With men this is vnpossyble, but with God all thinges are possyble. 1605Shakes. Macb. v. i. 32 It is an accustom'd action with her, to seeme thus washing her hands. 1615T. Maxfield in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. (1906) III. 51 Julie the 16, wth yu 26. 1676Dryden Aurengz. iii. i, 'Tis not with me as with a private Man. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. iv. §32. 516 This notion was so familiar with these Pagans. 1796–7Jane Austen Pride & Prej. xliii, ‘And this is always the way with him’, she added. 1841Fitzgerald Lett. (1889) I. 77 These fits of exaltation are not very common with me. 1864Mrs. H. Wood Trevlyn Hold xli, ‘Were the ricks insured?’ ‘No. There's the smart with Chattaway.’ 1881Russell Haigs xiv. 426 With the rough-riding men on both sides of the frontier to meet was to fight. 1909Bywater Aristotle on Art Poetry 172 Πολιτική is with him the practical wisdom of the statesman. 1910Bolland Eyre of Kent (Selden Soc.) I. Introd. 95 These omissions would be impossible with a copyist who read over what he had copied.
b. After words expressing influence or the like: sometimes replaceable by over or upon.
1573–80Baret Alv. P 696 With whom when she could nothing preuaile. 1631Weever Anc. Funeral Mon. 512 His all-potencie with the King. 1712P. Metcalfe Life S. Winefride (1917) 16 He had great Power and Authority with them. 1814Jane Austen Mansf. Park xiii, She has no influence with..my sisters that could be of any use. 1865Ruskin Sesame i. §4 Most honest men..would..acknowledge its leading power with them as a motive.
** Senses relating to agreement (or disagreement) in some respect.
Senses 16 and 18 are closely allied to those under ***, involving the idea of proximity or accompaniment in space or time.
12. Following words expressing comparison, likeness, equality, or identity.
In some cases varying with or now replaced by to, e.g. after compare, comparison, equal, resemblance; after same, as is more usual; but with is still regular after some derived ns., as equality, sameness, and also after even adj., identical, identity, level adj., one adj., rank vb., etc. See the various words.
c888ælfred Boeth. xvi. §2 Hu micle mare is ðonne þæs monnes lichoma to metenne wið þæt mod þonne seo mus wið ðone mon. c1200Ormin 3090 Þatt wass inoh all an wiþþ þatt þatt Godess enngell seȝȝde. Ibid. 7931 Þeȝȝre sang iss lic wiþþ wop. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 259 Of þe same age wiþ þe kyngdom of Assiries. c1450Merlin xx. 317 Thei ben so fewe that thei may not compare with hem. 1513More Rich. III, Wks. 47/1 Waye [= weigh] the good that they dooe, with the hurte that commeth of them. 1526Tindale Phil. ii. 6 Which beynge in the shape off god, and thought it not robbery to be equall with god. 1677–[see identical 2]. 1710Hearne Collect. 24 Feb. (O.H.S.) II. 348 A sniveling Gentleman of not half the sense with the late poor spirited Dick Cromwell. 1836Macaulay Life & Lett. (1883) I. 456 His style affects me in something the same way with that of Gibbon. 1879Whitney Sanskrit Gram. 337 Some of the apparent roots..with sibilant final are akin with the desideratives. 1885Act 48 & 49 Vict. c. 58 §1 This Act shall be read as one with the Telegraph Acts, 1863 to 1878.
13. a. Following words expressing agreement, conformity, sympathy, and the like.
c893ælfred Oros. iv. viii, For þon hie on symbel wið Romanum sibbe heoldon. a1000Guthlac 382 Þæt frið wið hy ᵹefreoþad wære. 1123O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1120 Se arceb[iscop] Turstein..wearð þurh þone papan wið þone cyng acordad. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 105 Hie ben þenne sahtnede wið þe heuenliche fader. 1390Gower Conf. I. 6 At his commandement, With whom myn herte is of accord. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. xliv. (1495) L ij/2 Yren hath agrement with the stone Adamas. c1430Hymns Virgin (1867) 13 God wiþ man is maade at oone. 1535Joye Apol. Tindale (Arb.) 11 Henrichus Bullyngerus..consenteth with me in the significacion of this worde. 1605B. Jonson Volpone iii. iv, There was but one sole man..With whom I ere could sympathise. 1611Shakes. Cymb. iii. iii. 31 Hap'ly this life is best..Well corresponding With your stiffe Age. 1642–fall in with [see fall v. 91 b–e]. 1662–[see sympathy 3 b]. 1761F. Sheridan Sidney Bidulph II. 310 How ill does the vanity of pomp suit with a house of mourning! 1796Ann. Reg., Hist. 115 Spain was..on friendly terms with France. 1821Shelley Hellas 537 The tiger leagues not with the stag at bay Against the hunter. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. i. I. 107 He declared his determination to govern in harmony with the Commons. 1913W. M. Ramsay Teaching of Paul 158 His heart became..more..sympathetic with their trials.
b. By extension, after words expressing disagreement.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. viii. 30 It containeth impossibilities and things inconsistent with truth. 1735–8Bolingbroke On Parties 81 They [sc. the Tories] had only differ'd with the Whigs about the Degree of Oppression. 1791–1823D'Israeli Cur. Lit. (1866) 208 Every edition varies with the preceding ones. 1868Gladstone Juv. Mundi i. (1870) 16 Testimony..in no case discordant with that of the Iliad.
14. a. On the side or party of; in favour of; on behalf of; ‘for’: opp. to against 12. (See also 22 c.)
c1200Ormin 4675 Swa forrwerrpesst tu þin Godd, & haldesst wiþþ þatt ahhte. c1300Havelok 2308 He swore, Þat he sholde with him halde Boþe ageynes stille and bolde. 1382Wyclif Matt. xii. 30 He that is nat with me, is aȝeinus me. c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 1058 Vertu was full heuy, when he sy Frewyll Take part with Vyce. 1478Acta Audit. (1839) 66/2 Ilk baroun and freehaldare þat..geve voce with þe said dome. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ix. 238 Nevertheles he came, and helde syde wyth his broder. 1509Fisher Serm. Wks. (1876) 277 What sentence he shal gyue wheder with me or ayenst me. 1534Star Chamber Cases (Selden Soc.) II. 317 They were at issue and by a substancyall Jury..Founde with the seid mulsho. 1582N.T. (Rhem.) Acts xiv. 4 Certaine of them..were with the Jewes, but certaine with the Apostles. 1600Holland Livy xxix. vi. 713 The citie of Locri..had sided also with the Carthaginians. 1633Earl of Manchester Al Mondo (1636) 171 When a man comes to be judged; his life..shal give the evidence with, or against him. 1653Cromwell Sp. 4 July in Carlyle, He hath appeared with them. 1697Dryden æneis xii. 827 Jove is with us. 1709Strype Ann. Ref. I. xlix. 492 There being with the bill 60, against it 75. 1842Dickens Amer. Notes xv, The soldiers rather laughed at this blade than with him. 1845Browning Lost Leader 14 Shakespeare was of us, Milton was for us, Burns, Shelley, were with us. 1886Manch. Exam. 9 Jan. 5/3 M. Granet, Minister of Posts and Telegraphs, has usually voted with M. Clemenceau.
b. In reference to wind, tide, etc.: Favourable to, in a favourable direction for.
1647Sanderson Serm. (1674) II. 218 As a Boat that (having wind and tide with it) runneth glib and merrily down the stream. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 378 They had..the Flood-Tide with them.
15. a. In the same way as; as ― does or did, is or was, etc.; like. (Cf. 17.)
c1340Medit. in Hampole's Wks. (1895) I. 94 So þat þoru þi merci and grace we moun repente of oure..mys-dedis with seint Petir. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. viii. 71 He is Fals with þe Fend. c1400Rule St. Benet (prose) 11 Of mekenes spekis sain benet..& sais with hali scripture: ‘Omnis qui se exaltat &c.’ 1433Lydg. S. Edmund & Fremund 1034–6 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 395 He..Hadde with Nestor manly auysynesse;..With Tideus he hadde eek hardynesse. 1589Nashe Returne Pasquill Wks. (Grosart) I. 121 A crooked generation, that loues to swym side-long with the Crabbe. 1600― Summer's Last Will Prol. 73 Euery man cannot, with Archimedes, make a heauen of brasse. 1634Rainbow Labour (1635) 35 With stomackefull children we bawle for Rattles. 1711Addison Spect. No. 227 ⁋5, I must cry out with Dido..‘Ah! cruel Heaven, that made no Cure for Love!’ 1809Byron Bards & Rev. 102 Better to err with Pope, than shine with Pye. 1861Paley æschylus (ed. 2) 7 agst. Thebes 759 note, Hermann gives ἀλκὰν with one of the most recent MSS. 1905Chesterton Heretics 37 Whether we should love everybody with Tolstoy, or spare nobody with Nietzsche.
b. Followed by the and a superlative used absol.: As well or thoroughly as; (as) one of, ‘among’, ‘of’: forming adverbial (or † predicative) phrases denoting ‘to the full or fullest extent’, ‘(nearly) as ― as any or as possible’, ‘very ―’, ‘highly ―’: e.g. with the best = among the best, as well as any, very well; with the first, as one of the first, very early, chiefly, especially (see first 6 c); with the least = at the lowest estimate; † with the most inclined = highly inclined. Obs. or arch.
a1300K. Horn 1119 (Harl.) Þou shen[c]h vs wiþ þe vurste. 13..Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1656 The king..kep the leuedi with the best. 1445in Anglia XXVIII. 281 Why is not he redde with the worthiest? 1470–85Malory Arthur x. lxviii. 531 Soo that nyghte they were lodged with the best. 1477Paston Lett. III. 183, I wold have hym [sc. a horse] sumwhat large, not with the largest. a1533Ld. Berners Huon clxii. 634 Thyne armure is good and thy sworde is with the best. 1553N. Grimalde Cicero's Offices i. (1556) 41 b, If ther be anie somewhat with the moste enclined to pleasures. 1573–80Tusser Husb. (1878) 51 Who pescods delighteth to haue with the furst, If now he do sowe them, I thinke it not wurst. 1577Googe tr. Heresbach's Husb. 45 Not to mowe your Grasse with the latest, but before the seede be ripe. a1592Greene Jas. IV, i. ii, A young stripling..that can sleep with the soundest, eate with the hungriest. 1629Gaule Pract. Theories 376 Of all the difficulties of Truth and Faith, the Article of Christs Resurrection is with the formost. 1671H. M. tr. Erasm. Colloq. 494 There was no year, wherein he did not gain a thousand Duckats, to speak with the least. 1826Priestley's Rudim. 55 The preposition with is..sometimes used in conversation, to express a degree..something less than the greatest; as ‘They are with the widest.’ 1859Tennyson Grandmother 20 At your age, Annie, I could have wept with the best.
16. Expressing simultaneous occurrence and association (cf. 25), often also implying causal connexion (cf. 39).
a. At the same time as; at the time or instant of; on the occurrence of (often with implication ‘and because of’); at, on, upon.
(a) Followed by a n. (often qualified).
Before occasion, opportunity, now replaced by on or (less usually) at.
13..Cursor M. 10462 (Gött.) Vtayne wid þis word gan tene. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 145 The payment cessis with the impossibilitee of the service. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 900. 1655 Theophania 89 With a resolution to hire a ship,..and with the first occasion to follow her into Sicily. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 273 Nor ends their Work, but with declining Day. 1719Phillips tr. Thirty-four Conferences 338 He hath promised to send you a Copy with the first Opportunity. 1748Thomson Cast. Indol. ii. x, Sometimes with early morn, he mounted gay The hunter⁓steed. 1822T. L. Peacock Maid Marian x, John..was determining to take possession with the first light of morning. 1870Lowell Study Wind. (1871) 157 Browning..draws nearer to the all-for-point fashion of the concettisti, with every poem he writes. 1926Times 15 Mar., With his death, his younger brother..becomes heir to the barony.
(b) Followed by a demonstrative pron.: with that († with than), when (and, often, because) that occurred, thereupon; † at that instant, just then (obs.); saying or having just said that; with this, hereupon. Cf. herewith 2, therewith 2 c, wherewith 4 b.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1409 Laban and his moder wið-ðan Faȝneden wel ðis sondere man. a1300Cursor M. 1203 Wit þis [Trin. Here aftir] was born an hali child, Seth þat meke was and mild. Ibid. 3368 And þof sco scamful was, i-wiss, Sco tint na contenance wit þis. 1375Barbour Bruce xv. 168 Syne..[The] myddis of the toune he tais, With that neir cummand war his fais. c1425Wyntoun Cron. i. v. 203 A child..said, he saw a dere. Wiþ þat þe takill wp he drew. 1470–85Malory Arthur xvi. xvi. 687 With that Bors lyfte vp his hand & wold haue smyten his broder. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 25. 1603 in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. (1906) II. 218 And with this I byd you most hartely fare⁓well. 1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. i. 717 ‘Take then my tears’ (with that he wiped his Eyes). 1779Mirror No. 35 ⁋11 ‘Who shall decide when doctors disagree?’ And, with that, he made one of the finest bows in the world. 1847Tennyson Princess ii. 290 ‘Our mother, is she well?’ With that she kiss'd His forehead.
b. Followed by a n. or pron., forming a phrase equivalent to a clause with when, in which the n. or pron. is the subj. (or obj.), and the vb. is identical with that in the principal clause; e.g. our hopes died with him, i.e. when (and because) he died; to rise with the lark, i.e. when the lark rises (= early in the morning): see lark n.1 1 b.
† Formerly also with vbs. of durative meaning: = contemporaneously with.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) VIII. 497 But mony abusions comme from Boemia into Englonde with this qwene. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 1019 He being dead, with him is beautie slaine. 1614Raleigh Hist. World iii. v. §8. 57 Where the Persians, so many of them as lost not their wits with their courage [etc.]. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 673 His Griefs with Day begun. 1742Middleton Cicero (ed. 3) II. vi. 31 Lentulus and Metellus, whose consulship expired with the year. 1791Boswell Johnson 10 Apr. an. 1775, What was said by Johnson, or other eminent persons who lived with him. 1812Crabbe Tales xi. 376 With virtue, prudence fled. 1891Farrar Darkn. & Dawn xliii, I hear rumours that another large vessel..foundered at sea. I expect that some of the accusers of Paulus perished with her.
c. In the course or duration of, in process of, ‘in’ (time, etc.); often with admixture of the instrumental sense: By, or in consequence of, the passage or lapse of (cf. 37, 39).
c1440Alphabet of Tales 329 With a few yeris þai war passand riche men. 1560Whitehorne tr. Macchiavelli's Arte of Warre 87 All other thyng..maie with tyme be ouercome, this onely with tyme ouercometh thee. 1610Shakes. Temp. iv. i. 164 Come with a thought. 1611Fenton Usurie ii. xiii. 95 Mans labours and skill wil faile with yeeres. 1627W. D. tr. Andiguier's Lisander 15 To render you more signal offices, which, with time, I hope to performe. 1784in B. Ward Dawn Cath. Revival (1909) I. iv. 81 [Prejudices] will die away with time. 1855Tennyson Will ii, Bettering not with time. 1875M. Arnold God & Bible p. xxviii, Christianity's admixture of popular legend and illusion was sure to be cleared away with time. 1884W. C. Smith Kildrostan 74 Unripe fruit..mellows with the months.
d. After words denoting change or variation: At the same rate as; at a rate, or in a manner, corresponding to that of; in proportion to, according to.
1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 322 His stout Stomach with his Food will grow. 1701Swift Contests Nobles & Comm. iii, Their Insolence and Power encreased with their Number. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull i. v, His Spirits rose and fell with the Weather-glass. 1838De Morgan Ess. Probab. 140 The probability of an error diminishes with its magnitude. 1839–47Todd's Cycl. Anat. III. 516/2 The diameter of the capillaries of muscle varies..with the size of the blood-particles of the animal. 1857Buckle Civiliz. I. ii. 58 The rate of wages fluctuates with the population. 1910H. A. Dallas Mors Janua Vitæ? 17 Her conviction as to the importance of the script naturally increased with the evidence for its veridical character.
17. Expressing agreement or accordance, esp. in opinion or statement. to be with, to be of the same opinion as, to agree with. (See also 15.)
1456Sir G. Haye Gov. Princis (S.T.S.) 99 Thai speke quhilum with the and othir quhilis aganis the. 1565Allen Def. Purg. xi. 104, I am not afrade to vse the word Satisfaction, with Cyprian, Origen, Ambrose, Augustin. 1611Tourneur Ath. Trag. iv. iv. I 4 b, Enter the Watch. Belfo. The Watch? Met with my wish. 1625–run with [see run v. 71 b]. 1648Hexham, Ick ben Met u, I am With you, or, I am of your opinion. 1796in B. Edwards Maroon Negroes 20, I am perfectly with you, that the pin ought not to receive another screw. 1883Stevenson Treas. Isl. xxix, Ah, it's a fine dance—I'm with you there. 1886W. S. Blunt Diary 22 Apr. in Land War Irel. (1912) ii. 79 Morris is with me about Ireland. 1916J. R. Mozley Div. Aspect Hist. I. ix. 235 It was heart beating with heart.
18. In the same direction as; along the course of: opp. to against 9: esp. in such phrases as with the grain, with the hair, with the stream, with the tide, with the wind.
c1489–[see stream n. 2 f]. 1577–[see wind n.1 30]. 1597Bacon Coulers Good & Euill Ess. (Arb.) 154 If it be with the streame or with the hill. 1651H. More Enthus. Tri. (1712) 37 With thankfulnesse and reverence he doth receive whatever Divine Providence brings upon him, be it sweet or sour, with the hair, or against it. 1678Moxon Mech. Exerc. iv. 66 As well upon the Traverse..as with the Grain of the wood. 1688[see metal n. 7]. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 75 The Gardens runns down a great way, you descend with them by severall stepps. 1712with the tide [see swim v. 1 c]. a1774Goldsm. Surv. Exp. Philos. (1776) II. 386 A field of corn, viewed with the wind, is of a different shade from the same field viewed against the wind. 1786,1816[see stroke v.1 1 d]. 1810Crabbe Borough xviii. 183 The black footway winding with the wall. 1840with the tide [see drop v. 8]. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., With the sun, ropes coiled from the left hand towards the right; but where the sun passes the meridian north of the observer, it is of course the reverse. 1891with the tide [see go v. 87 f].
*** Senses expressing accompaniment or addition.
19. a. Following words expressing such meanings as are indicated above, as accompany (see note s.v.), ally, alternate, associate, blend, combine, confront, connect, couple, entangle, incorporate, join, link, marry, mix, partake, share, unite, wed (etc.) vbs. (and derived ns., as association, connexion, etc.); communion, company, contact, intercourse (etc.) ns.; together adv.: see the various words. See also along adv. 3.
Beowulf 1088 Þæt hie healfre ᵹeweald wið Eotena bearn aᵹan moston. c888ælfred Boeth. xxxvi. §8 Se yfla willa næfð nænne ᵹeferscipe wið þa ᵹesælða. a900Cynewulf Elene 307 Swa ᵹe modblinde mengan ongunnon liᵹe wið soðe. a1240Ureisun in O.E. Hom. I. 201 Hwoa so euer wule habben lot wið þe of þine blisse, he mot delen wið þe of þine pine on eorðe. 13..Cursor M. 18019 (Gött.) Aisel haue i blend wid gall. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 201 Þei ben maad fast wiþ þe botme of þe stomac. 1557Dunfermline Reg. (Bann. Club) 400 To pay..Twelf caponis to giddir wutht hariage careage and due serwice. 1665Walton Hooker Introd., About forty years past..I began a happy affinity with William Cranmer. 1671Milton P.R. iv. 412 Fierce rain with lightning mixt, water with fire In ruine reconcil'd. 1759Goldsm. Bee No. 4 ⁋6, I was once determined to throw off all connexions with taste. 1785Reid Intell. Powers ii. xiv. 214 A kind of feeling, or immediate perception of things present, and in contact with the percipient. 1836Thirlwall Greece xvi. (1838) II. 345 The Lacedæmonians, whose force, together with the Tegeans and forty thousand light troops, amounted to upwards of fifty thousand men. 1889Swinburne Study B. Jonson 87 The collocation of such names..as those of æglamour and Earine with such others as March and Maudlin.
b. Following words expressing acquaintance or familiarity. (After accustome(d, known, now replaced by to.)
c1220Bestiary 113 His muð is ȝet wel unkuð wið pater noster and crede. a1225Juliana 14 Ne ich neuer þat ich wite nes wið him icnawen. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 225 Þan went þis Ottobone þorghout þe cuntre, & quaynted him with ilkone. c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 532, I..gan me aqueynt With hym. c1386― Prol. 216 Famulier was he With frankeleyns ouer al in his contree. 1535Coverdale Ecclus. xxiii. 9 Let not thy mouth be accustomed with swearinge. 1611Bible Isa. liii. 3 He is..a man of sorrows, and acquainted with griefe. 1719in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. i. 197 They could not..undergoe the fatigue that the natives were accustomed with. 1880L. Stephen Pope iii. 61 Pope was not disinclined to pride himself upon his familiarity with the great.
c. By extension, following words expressing separation: e.g. to break with = to break off connexion with (break v. 34); to part with = to cease to be with or to have with one (part v. 6 c). (After take leave now replaced by of.)
a1300Cursor M. 17022 Kynd na saul suffers ar to part wit man o-liue. c1485Digby Myst. (1883) iii. 102 O ye good fathyr of grete degre, thus to departe with your ryches. 1486Bk. St. Albans E iij b, In iij. degrees he hem berith or he with hem twyn. 1607Shakes. Cor. iv. vi. 48 It cannot be The Volces dare breake with vs. a1629Hinde J. Bruen lxvii. (1641) 224 My wife..and my selfe, came to take leave with him. 1808Southey Lett. (1856) II. 110 For more than a year, Scott has cut with the Edinburgh Review. 1885Manch. Exam. 28 Mar. 5/5 The imminence of a rupture with Russia.
20. Expressing association or participation in some act, proceeding, or experience; spec. = acting on the same side as (another lawyer) in an action at law.
c1290–[see sin v. 1 c]. a1300–[see play v. 10]. c1440Jacob's Well 201 Ȝif þou be partenere in dede of thefte,..or of ony oþer wronges, þat is for to seyne, in folowynge wyth suche doers. 1526Tindale Rom. xii. 15 Be mery with them that are mery. wepe with them that wepe. 1533[see adultery 1]. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. i. iii. 36, I will buy with you, sell with you, talke with you, walke with you, and so following: but I will not eate with you, drinke with you, nor pray with you. 1711Steele Spect. No. 53 ⁋7, I will..for the future be merry with the Vulgar. 1816Scott Old Mort. xxxviii, My lot is cast with Evandale, and with him I am resolved to bear it. 1837Dickens Pickw. xxxiv, ‘I am for the plaintiff, my Lord,’ said Mr. Serjeant Buzfuz. ‘Who is with you, brother Buzfuz?’ said the judge. 1848― Dombey xxxviii, Rob..ran sniggering off to get change, and tossed it away with a pieman. 1883Manchester Exam. 7 Nov. 5/2 A new weekly mail service with Australia.
21. a. (with such vbs. as bring, take, come, go) Followed by a n. or (most commonly) pron. denoting the person (vessel, etc.) that leads, conveys, or carries a person or thing, thus having it in charge (cf. 23, of which this use is the converse).
Also fig. after take: see take v. 59 b, c.
c1290St. Matthew 9 in S. Eng. Leg. 77 He bi-lefde þo is weork, and wiz ore louerd eode. c1290Beket 1213 ibid. 141 With him a-morewe he nam his oste. a1300Cursor M. 5297 To mi lauerd yee com wit me, I sal yow do a-quentid be. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 133 [Nilus] makethe the londe plentuous thro slycche that hit drawethe with hit. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 6 Thay past vnto Paris..With mony Prelatis and Princis. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iv. i. 74 Come, goe with vs, we'll bring thee to our Crewes. a1596Sir T. More i. ii. 28 Ten poundes..To carie in your pursse about with ye. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 534 The Shepherd last appears, And with him all his Patrimony bears. 1776Trial of Nundocomar 68/1 My uncle used frequently to go to Maha Rajah's: when I was little I used to go with him. 1812Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 178 The truth is that we brought with us the rights of men. 1869Freeman Norm. Conq. III. xi. 61 They took with them no force capable of controlling..the country.
b. In the possession, keeping, care, or charge of (a person); in the hands of. (lit. and fig.)
a1300Cursor M. 4403 His mantel es bi-left wit me. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 32 Whan no wordliche wele is wiþ us founde. 1528in Pocock Rec. Ref. (1870) I. 81 Leaving with the master of the Rolls such things as might..instruct him. 1649Bp. Hall Cases Consc. iii. ix. 341 That..commissionary authority, which is by Christ entrusted with them. c1710W. Hamilton Descr. Lanark & Renfrew (Maitl. Club 1831) 64 Douglass parish..continued with the Earles of Douglass untill their fatall forfeiture. 1776Trial of Nundocomar 68/1 You have for a long time had my money; it shall remain no longer with you. 1825Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 6 The committee..left it in charge with their chairman to forward them by express. 1828Whately Rhet. (1850) i. iii. §2 The ‘burden of proof’ lies with the accusers. 1896Conan Doyle Expl. Gerard iii. 121 The deal lay with him. 1911Act 1 & 2 Geo. V c. 46 §17 The ownership of an author's manuscript after his death..shall be primâ facie proof of the copyright being with the owner of the manuscript.
c. In the nature or character of; as a quality or attribute of. Now chiefly after way: see way n.1 22 d. (The converse of 31.)
14..Tundale's Vis. 31 With hym was no charyte. 1553Douglas' æneis ix. Prol. marg., Vertue..has euer this rewill with hyr: do as thou wald be done to. 1650Trapp Comm. Gen. xxv. 30 This hunter hath no ho with him. 1678Dryden Kind Keeper i. i, She has a notable Smack with her! 1711R. Martin in E. H. Burton Life Bp. Challoner (1909) I. iii. 33 He had such an honest way with him. 1848Newman Loss & Gain ii. xx. (1904) 254 What a way those fellows have with them!
22. a. In the company, society, or presence of.
face to face with: see face n. 2 d. with God, in heaven: see god 5 c. with oneself (dial.): by oneself. with us, with them, alive, still living.
a1300K. Horn 363 (Camb.) He schal wiþ me bileue Til hit beo nir eue. a1300Cursor M. 5706 Þat fot moyses ful skete, And wit þe preist raguel he ete. 13..Gosp. Nicod. (S.) 1579 Withe me þis ilk day be þou sall, With me in heuenryke. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 234 Ones I was herberwed..with an hep of chapmen. a1400–50Wars Alex. 1613 Þan Wer þair common whit hym kyngez. c1450Mirk's Festial 61 Then sate scho done all othyr wyth. 1526Tindale John xii. 8 The poore all wayes shall ye have with you, butt me shall ye nott all wayes have. 1553Dioc. Reg. Glasgow (1875) I. 209 The said contrak..subscrivit wyth Schir Jhone Alaine, notair publik. 1611Bible Acts ix. 39 All the widowes stood by him weeping, and shewing the coats and garments which Dorcas made, while shee was with them. 1709Steele Tatler No. 26 ⁋11 This Gentleman who has arrived with you is a fool of his own making. 1791Boswell Johnson June 1763 (1904) I. 267, I begged I might be allowed to pass an evening with him there soon. a1814Sailors' Ret. i. i. in New Brit. Theatre II. 313 This whipper-snapper of mine..sets off with himself, and no one knows where. 1820Keats St. Agnes xvi, Alone with her good angels, far apart From wicked men like thee. 1857M. Arnold Rugby Chapel 25, I..think Of bygone autumns with thee. 1891Farrar Darkn. & Dawn lviii, He found Nero sitting with Poppæa and Tigellinus. 1914‘Ian Hay’ Knt. on Wheels xvii, I don't go very often... Perhaps it is because I have no one to go with. 1961E. Williams George xxiii. 391 That Mr Bellis, he's gone dead, not that he had that much life in him when he was with us, poor fellow. 1966Listener 3 Feb. 166/2 The English church at Shiraz..was built entirely thanks to the enthusiasm of the then incumbent, who was a very learned man (is indeed still with us).
b. spec. At the house of, or in the same house or meeting-place as; in the household, retinue, or service of, attending upon; on a visit to, being the guest of (hence be with sometimes = ‘visit’, ‘call upon’).
c1250Gen. & Ex. 466 Sella wuneð oc lamech wið. c1275Lay. 6 He wonede at Ernleie wid þan gode cniþte. c1386Chaucer Prol. 65 This ilke worthy knyght hadde been also Somtyme with the lord of Palatye Agayn another hethen in Turkye. a1400in Halliwell Early Hist. Freemasonry (1840) 20 He most love..his mayster also, that he ys wyth. c1440Alphabet of Tales 171 When sho had ligen þus many day sho dyed, & no body with hur. c1440Jacob's Well 286 Þei..weryn harberwyd wyth a ryȝt good man. c1465Stonor Papers (Camden) I. 71 Squier for þe body with Kynge H. 1482Cely Papers (Camden) 121, I thank yow of the grette cher that ye dydde me at my laste beyng wytthe yow. 1551Robinson tr. More's Utopia ii. viii. (1895) 253 For them, whomewyth they be in wayges, they fyghte hardelye. 1583in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. V. 38 Somtyme Apprentice with oon Mr Bannester of Preston. 1651Cromwell Let. 12 Apr. in Carlyle, If Dick Cromwell and his Wife be with you, my dear love to them. 1711–12Swift Jrnl. to Stella 22 Jan., He was glad to find I was not with James Broad. 1715C'tess Cowper Diary (1864) 44 This Day Madame Selnave was with me to thank me for her Affair being ended. a1752in Jrnl. Friends' Hist. Soc. (1918) 21 Went..to Yealand Scool..to learn Wrighting and Arithmatick with Michael Jenkinson. 1803T. Jefferson Let. Writ. 1854 IV. 470 He will be with you in Philadelphia in two or three weeks. 1878Hardy Ret. Native v. vi, Have you heard that Eustacia is not with me now?
c. fig. in reference to an abstract thing: to be with, to accompany, ‘attend’. Also in reference to God, combining the ideas of presence or companionship and favour, assistance, or the like (cf. 14).
Cf. God be with you, good-bye.
13..Gosp. Nicod. (G.) 1020 Goddes bliscing be all his puple with. 1382Wyclif Judges vi. 12 The Lord with thee, moost stroong of men. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) iii. 10 Godd be with þe, for Godd es with vs. 1526Tindale Eph. vi. 24 Grace be with all them which love oure lorde Jesus Christ. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 7 This calme and immoderate heate continued with vs seuen dayes. 1788Burns ‘Of a' the Airts’ i, Day and night my fancy's flight Is ever wi' my Jean. 1825Brockett N.C. Gloss. s.v. Wud, ‘God be wud her’—God rest her soul. 1896A. E. Housman Shropsh. Lad xxxvii, Luck, my lads, be with you still. 1897Kipling Recessional i, Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet.
d. The phrase to be with, used in menace, etc. = to be avenged on, chastise, be even with (cf. 12), perh. belongs here (cf. visit v. 3), but has affinities with other senses.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. ii. 403, I will be with thee straight. 1592― Rom. & Jul. ii. iv. 78 Was I with you there for the Goose? 1596― Tam. Shr. iv. i. 170 What, do you grumble? Ile be with you straight. 1825Jamieson s.v. With, ‘I'll be wi' him for that yet’, Roxb.
e. to be with (a person), to follow his line of reasoning, to keep up with and understand his explanation, instructions, etc. colloq.
1900F. P. Dunne Mr. Dooley's Philos. 248 We keep our thoughts fixed upon th' inanity iv th' finite in comparison with th' onthinkable truth with th' ondivided an' onimaginable reality. Boys ar-re ye with me? 1933Punch 8 Feb. 150/3 ‘Does it look to you as if the Boss keeps his skeletons in any ice-boxes around here?’ ‘Huh?’ she said, not quite with me yet. 1955N. Fitzgerald House is Falling xi. 190 ‘I'm with you so far,’ said Hugh who for the first time was really giving his mind to the problem. 1977T. Heald Just Desserts viii. 188 ‘She will have to be taken in hand. Which..has been the point of the exercise all along.’ ‘I'm not with you.’
f. to be with it, to be within a particular fashionable or exclusive group or set, to be up-to-date or au fait with the latest news, ideas, etc.; to be mentally alert. Also to get with it, to become informed or up-to-date, etc. slang (orig. U.S.). Cf. with-it a.
1931Amer. Mercury Nov. 353/2 Not with it, said of an outsider. ‘He's not with it.’ 1959R. Condon Manchurian Cand. (1960) vii. 108 They are with it, Raymond. Believe me, they are even away ahead of me. 1960Guardian 9 Dec. 13 The new Time and Tide, to borrow the language of the teen-ager, is ‘with it’. 1961J. O'Hara in Assembly 159 Bud come to see you, especially when you had a chance of winning? Get with it, boy. 1971Daily Mail 6 May 24/4 Horne made a strong attempt to get with it. Result: the stronger emphasis on fashionwear. 1976Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXV. 17/1 The need to be in fashion—in the swim—up to date—‘with it’—might not have been the least of our driving forces for general progress. 1981M. Doody in Martin & Mullen No Alternative iv. 37 What is ‘with it’ for one or two generations can seem palpable folly a hundred years later. 1985W. J. Burley Wycliffe & Four Jacks vii. 149 There's an old man, living in a home... He's quite with it—I mean he's mentally alert.
23. a. Having in one's hold, keeping, or charge; having within its compass, limits, area, etc.; leading, bringing, conveying, carrying, wearing, containing, etc.
with bag and baggage: see bag n. 20. (found or taken) with the mainour (manner): see mainour 1.
c1300Havelok 52 Þanne micthe chapmen fare Þuruth englond wit here ware. a1400Pist. Susan 5 His Innes and his orchardus were with a dep dich. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 759 A pot with riche wine. c1400Destr. Troy 5564 Palomydon..presit into hauyn,..With xxxti shippes full shene, shot full of pepull. c1430Chev. Assigne 23 A pore womman..Withe two chylderen her by-fore. 1488Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 80 A poik of canwes with demyis contenand aucht hundreth ane les. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxxvi. 123 b/1 The erle..toke hym a flagon with wyne, wherof he had dronke. 1539Bible (Great) 2 Sam. xviii. 27 He is a good man, and commeth with good tydinges. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. ii. (stage direction) Enter old Gobbo with a Basket. 1722Lond. Gaz. No. 6054/2 A tall..Man,..with Ruffles and a light bag Wig. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 609 He ordered Grey to lead the way with the cavalry. 1888Barrie Auld Licht Idylls iv. 105 The crowd..was back in a moment with a handful of small change.
b. In phr. with child, with young, etc., said of a pregnant woman or animal (also in fig. phr. from these).
See child n. 17, egg n. 4, foal n. 1 b, whelp n.1 1 b, young B. 2 c; also big a. 4, 5, great a. 3, pregnant a.2 1, 2 b, 4, 5 (where the sense approaches 39); beget v. 2 c, conceive v. 3, get v. 27 c, go v. 7.
c1200Ormin 2455 Þu best wiþþ childe off Haliȝ Gast. a1300Cursor M. 10572 Anna wit child was of a mai. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 391 Þe childe mett a cowe with' calfe. 1491Acta Audit. (1839) 148/1, xxxij ȝowis with lamb. 1504Lincoln Wills (1914) I. 21 If my wyfe be wyth a sonne. 1556Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1835) I. 152, ix whies calved and wt calve. 1575Turberv. Faulconrie 269 When hawkes fall to laying egges, and to be with egge in the mewe. 1585Knaresb. Wills (Surtees) I. 149 The childe my wief is now conceyvid with. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Ch. Porch vi, He that is drunken, may his mother kill Bigge with his sister. a1756E. Haywood New Present (1771) 23 If they are with egg, their vents will be open. c1850Arab. Nts. (Rtldg.) 388, I have also to inform you, that I am with child, and if Heaven so much favours me as to give me a son [etc.].
†c. In ownership of, as owner of, having in possession. Sc. Obs.
1406in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1427 17/2 Quhyl we remane wyth the said landis. 1483Acta Audit. in Acta Dom. Conc. II. Introd. 114 The said Thomas sall remain with the said land and tenement.
d. In phr. with costs, with damages (in a lawsuit): in early use said in ref. to the winning party = ‘in possession of’, ‘having as awarded’; later, in ref. to the verdict = ‘accompanied by an order to the losing party to pay’ (cf. 32).
1466Stonor Papers (Camden) I. 76 Richard..prayeth þat he may be dismissed out of this Courte with his costes and damages. 1775G. Wilson Cases Comm. Pleas III. 319 A verdict was given for the plaintiff, with one pound eleven shillings and sixpence damages. 1830Barnewall & Cresswell Rep. K.B. IX. 528 They..recovered 25l. penalty, together with taxed costs. 1866Scott. Law Reporter III. 81 The defender [was] assoilzied with expenses.
24. a. Accompanied by; having as an addition; having in one's company. Often connecting the two ns. or prons.: = ‘and in addition’, ‘and besides’, or simply ‘and’. Occas. in compound place-names: = cum. † with the mare (Sc. obs.): = and more, and something over: see more B. 4 d.
c1200Ormin 14792 Faraon wiþþ all hiss ferd comm affterr⁓warrd. a1300E.E. Psalter ciii. 27 [civ. 25] Bestes smaller with þe mare. 1370–80Visions St. Paul 247 in O.E. Misc. 230 Þer as was wepyng wiþ muche vnseeþe. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 205 Þe Sixte, wiþ Clementyns, done myche harm to Goddis lawe, and enfeblen bileve. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 367 The water was so habundante that hit pereschede þe woman with here childe. 1494Acta Audit. (1839) 205/2 Alexander..tuk fra him out of his maling vxx of ȝowis with the may. 1502Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 112/2 Half a ȝere, with the mare, befor the date hereof. 1563T. Wilson Logic 54 Beauuis with Alexander are comprehended vnder manne, as their kinde and speciall. a1706Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. 410 The permitting female slaves to be corrupted by their masters, with the like. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 296 We readily agreed to follow him, as did also twelve other Gentlemen, with their Servants. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede xviii, These grey pews, with the buff-washed walls, gave a very pleasing tone to this shabby interior. 1911Act 1 & 2 Geo. V c. 6 §1 Imprisonment with or without hard labour.
in attrib. phr.1898Westm. Gaz. 17 May 8/1 To inaugurate some with-profit scheme.
b. Comprising in the whole number or total; including.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 86 Til ihesus crist fro helle nam His quemed wid eue and adam. 1836Dickens Sk. Boz, Tuggs's at Ramsgate, ‘What's the terms?’..‘Five guineas a week, ma'am, with attendance.’ Mod. ‘How many were there in the party?’ ‘I should say about twenty, with the children.’
c. Accompanied by (favourable wind, weather, etc.); having the advantage of.
1536in Sel. Pleas Crt. Admiralty (1894) I. 58 Goyng from the porte of London at a full see with a full wynde. 1600Fairfax Tasso xv. xlv, This evening (if you make good speed) To that hils foote with day-light might you passe. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 75 We put again to Sea with fair Weather.
d. with-profit(s) adj., of a life assurance policy: allowing the insured to receive a share of the profits of the insurance company, usu. in the form of a bonus. Also applied to holders of such policies, the associated payments, etc. Cf. without-profit(s) adj. s.v. without prep. 7 c.
1924Tayler & Tyler Life Assurance ii. 19 Nearly all the offices transacting life assurance business issue two great classes of policy—(a) Those which share in the profits, known as ‘with-profit’ or ‘participating’ policies; and (b) Those which do not share in the profits, known as ‘without-profit’ or ‘non-participating’ policies. 1944S. d'E. Colam Life Assurance for Agents 16 Premiums for with profit policies are larger than for without profit policies. 1950Economist 18 Nov. 840/2 In trying to assess the relative merits of with-profit contracts, the only firm basis of comparison is the actual amount paid. 1961Observer 10 Dec. 4/3 A modest writing-up of book values would add to the good times which with-profit-holders can expect in the future in the form of bumper bonuses. 1965Economist 24 July p. xxii/2 These profits go to the with-profits policyholders, as well as the profits on the with-profits business itself. 1979Financial Times 20 Jan. 7/6 If you are shopping around for a with-profits policy, take a look at how insurance brokers work out projections of maturity value. 1982Equity & Law Life Assurance Co. Ann. Rep. 1981 16 The rate of terminal bonus depends on the year of entry as a with-profit benefit and is applied to the with-profit sum (or annuity) and attaching bonus.
25. Expressing association, conjunction, or connexion in thought, action, or condition.
one (day, etc.) with another: see one 17 b.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 91 And so is Cornewayle acounted wiþ þe oþere schires. 1472Stonor Papers (Camden) I. 124 For the certente what my cosen shall have with her, yf God provide for them that they shall go throwe in mariage. 1678Prideaux Lett. (Camden) 64 Livy may be read with him [sc. Dionysius of Halicarnassus]. 1784Unfortunate Sensibility II. 7 One week with another she earned about half-a-crown. 1807–8Wordsw. Somnambulist 162 And thou, in lovers' hearts forgiven, Shalt take thy place with Yarrow! 1820Shelley To a Skylark xvi, With thy clear keen joyance Languor cannot be. 1834Dickens Sk. Boz, Boarding-ho. i, He was to his wife what the 0 is in 90—he was of some importance with her—he was nothing without her. 1918Act 8 Geo. V c. 4 §6 This Act..may be cited with the Trustee Savings Banks Acts 1863 to 1904.
26. a. Expressing collocation in space.
1480Cely Papers (Camden) 54 Aull iij sortes lyes togyddyr whon wt anothyr. 1480Acta Dom. Conc. (1839) 47/1 Þe castin of petis in a mosse merchand with þe landis of Dalruskane. 1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 21 We thought it enough to put it [sc. a paper] in with that of the Suedish Ambassadors. 1664J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 105 The most conspicuous [entrance]..into the Work it self lyeth North-East, whereby it fronteth rightly with the publick or high Road. 1815Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1838) XII. 484, I send with this dispatch three eagles, taken by the troops in this action. 1831Scott Cast. Dang. i, The bonnet usually worn with this showy dress. 1849Ruskin Samuel Prout (1870) 8 The angle formed by St. Mark's Church with the Doge's palace. 1914F. Gribble Francis Joseph xxxi. 331 The aristocracy dare not ask the professors to dinner for fear lest..they should wear green ties with their dress clothes.
b. (a) Expressing mixture or combination of material substances.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 199 Ȝeue him tiriaca maior wiþ a litil musco. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 13 Take gode Mylke of Almaundys, an drawe it wyth Wyne. c1440Pallad. on Husb. iii. 829 Take peres right mature, And with hool salt hem trede. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 194 Potherbs..Which..bruis'd with Vervain, were his frugal Fare. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Lime ⁋3 They work up the chalk rubbish into a sort of stiff paste with water. 1841Penny Cycl. XX. 354/2 When hydrate of salicyle is heated with potash, an acid is formed.
(b) ellipt. in slang use, in ref. to liquor = mixed with sugar, having sugar added; usually in phr. hot (warm) or cold with.
1835Dickens Sk. Boz, Miss Evans & Eagle, Two glasses of rum-and-water ‘warm with—’. 1854Surtees Handley Cr. xiv, Fatch me up a glass of cold sherry with. Ibid. xxiv, ‘Take a glass of brandy,’ said she... ‘'Ot with? or cold without?’
†27. In addition to, besides; with neg., except.
c1305St. Edward 8 in E.E.P. (1862) 106 He nadd neȝ him noþing For to ȝyue þis pore man wiþ a goldene ring. c1425Wyntoun Cron. v. x. 2252 Thre ȝhere and monethis twa, And ful ellewyn dayis withe þai. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 8703 A myghty kyng,..And wyth al thys, a famous knyht. c1470Henry Wallace ix. 43 With that thai war a gudly cumpany Off waillit men. 1530Tindale Exod. xx. 23 Ye shall not make therfore with me goddes of syluer nor goddes of golde. 1579–80North Plutarch, Agis & Cleom. (1595) 484 Very wise,..and with his wisdome..very valiant. 1599Thynne Animadv. 11 All whiche make xxx persons with Chaucer.
28. After a n., in a qualifying phrase indicating a characteristic or distinctive part or adjunct: Having, possessing; having in or upon it, containing, bearing (cf. 23).
In this and sense 31 the phr. is sometimes equivalent to a descriptive adj.: e.g. with corners = ‘angular’; with four wheels = ‘four-wheeled’.
c1300Havelok 701 Shep wit wolle, neth wit horn,..and gate wit berd. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. ii. 16 Hire robe..With ribanes of red golde. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. cxlv. (1495) T v/1 Harde stalkes wyth corners. a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 626 His Innes & his orchardus were with a dep dich. c1400Mandeville xxvi. [xxii.] (1919) I. 159 A charett with .iiij. wheles. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) VIII. App. 497 Schoone with longe pykes. 1500–20Dunbar Poems liv. 5 My ladye with the mekle lippis. 1599Shakes. Much Ado ii. i. 15 With a good legge,..and money enough.., such a man would winne any woman in the world. 1663Gerbier Counsel 28 Stone with Sandy veines. 1711Addison Spect. No. 86 ⁋2 A Man with a sour rivell'd Face. 1842Penny Cycl. XXII. 429/2 The consonants are conveniently classed into those with and those without voice. 1848Thackeray Lett. 28 July (1887) 9 A paper-knife with a mother of pearl blade. 1892Speaker 3 Sept. 289/2 The high road, with its shrieking steam-tram.
29. Indicating a quality or attribute of the action spoken of: forming phrases equivalent to adverbs, e.g. with one accord or consent = unanimously, with care = carefully, with ease = easily, with impunity = L. impune, with severity = severely, etc. (Sometimes closely approaching the instrumental use 37, esp. in such phrases as with a curious eye, with all one's heart, etc.) Similarly after an adj., in phr. expressing a particular kind or degree of the quality denoted by the adj.
c1200Ormin 1395 Enngless haffdenn heoffness ærd forrlorenn all wiþþ rihhte. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1598 Fro bersabe he ferde wið sped. Ibid. 1668 Aske it wið skil and ðu salt hauen. a1300Cursor M. 4430 Now es ioseph in prisun strang Don..wijt wrang. 13..Northern Passion (1913) I. 5/16 Þe Iewys..sayd he ferid all wyth foly. 13..K. Horn 1353 (Harl.) He louede horn wiþ mihte & he him wiþ ryhte. c1350Will. Palerne 163 Alle wiȝth on hol hert. c1400Rule St. Benet (prose) 45 Whit mekenes sal sho muster to þabbes hir sekenes. 1528Star Chamber Cases (Selden Soc.) II. 174 To get hys money with crafte and suttully. 1535Coverdale Deut. vi. 5 Thou shalt loue the Lorde thy God with all thy hart, with all thy soule, & with all thy mighte. 1599Shakes. Much Ado i. i. 300, I look'd vpon her with a souldiers eie. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 45 This unlimited power of doing anything with impunity. 1671Milton P.R. i. 319 Who first with curious eye Perus'd him. 1710Steele Tatler No. 208 ⁋8 He replied with a very angry Tone. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) III. 116 A little stage was erected..that the spectators might see with the better advantage. 1771Goldsm. Hist. Eng. III. 351 He always travelled with hurry. 1780Cowper Progr. Err. 562 They sidle to the goal with awkward pace. 1848Dickens Dombey xxxviii, Polly, who, with a woman's tact, understood this at once. 1856Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 269 To-day I walked with effort one little mile. 1875Jevons Money (1878) 25 We use a great many words with a total disregard of logical precision.
30. a. Indicating a feeling, purpose, or other mental state accompanying the action spoken of: e.g. with approval, awe, horror, indifference, pleasure, regret, (due) respect, etc.; with (a, the, etc.) determination, hope, intent(ion, view, etc.: see also the ns.
The phrase thus formed is often equivalent to an adv., as in 29, from which this use is not always distinguishable.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 128 God..bliscede it wid milde mood. c1330Spec. Gy de Warw. 93 To don penaunce Wid sorwe at þin herte rote. c1350Libeaus Desc. (Kaluza) 1029 Sir Giffroun..Was bore hom on his scheld Wiþ care and rufull roun. 1382Wyclif Phil. ii. 12 Worche ȝe with drede and tremblinge ȝoure heelthe. 1526Tindale Heb. xii. 28 Grace, wherby we maye serve god..with reverence and godly feare. 1581Rich Farew. D ij b, With this resolution he began to relate [etc.]. 1601Holland Pliny ii. cv. I. 47 Shee approched neere to the altars, with purpose to sacrifice. 1714in Jrnl. Friends' Hist. Soc. (1918) 28 We left New England with peace of mind. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. xiv. 285 They still remember, with the utmost horror, the sacking of their cities. 1786tr. Beckford's Vathek (1868) 51 Vathek applied his ear with the hope of catching the sound of some latent runnel. 1798Southey Pious Painter i. i, Still on his Madonnas the curious may gaze With applause and with pleasure. 1820Keats Lamia ii. 100 If, as now it seems, your vision rests With any pleasure on me. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vii. II. 183 A land of exile, visited with reluctance and quitted with delight. 1885Law Rep. 29 Chanc. Div. 482 It is wholly immaterial with what object the lie is told.
b. In expressions of devotion, affection, or gratitude accompanying what is said or written, esp. by way of greeting, as in a message or the conclusion of a letter.
1454Paston Lett. I. 273 Right wurshipfull and myn especiall good maister, I recomaund me to you with all service and prayer to my power. 1521in Acts Parlt. Scot. (1875) XII. 40/1 Ȝoure humile oratouris and servandis with all lauchfull service. 1679in Jrnl. Friends' Hist. Soc. (1912) IX. 191 G. F[ox] ordered me to signifie thus to thee with his deare Love. 1685Pett in Engl. Hist. Rev. (1920) Jan. 114 Two Dorsetshire regiments..were dismissed..with thanks for their good service. 1744in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. i. 283 Laying the affr before my Ld Harrington with my best complimts desiring the favr of him just to sound the Count upon it. 1789[see remembrance n. 4 d]. 1793[see love n.1 1 e]. 1835[see regard n. 10 c]. 1898G. B. Shaw Mrs. Warren's Prof. 11, Here: take George his hat and stick with my compliments.
31. a. Indicating an attribute, quality, or condition of the person or thing spoken of: Having, possessing, characterized by. (Often scarcely distinguishable from 28 or 29.)
c1450Holland Howlat 18 The land lowne was and le, with lyking and luf. 1587Holinshed Hist. Scot. 246/2 The Englishmen (with the number of 1500, vnder the conduct..of Talbot). 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, i. i. 105 What meanes this passionate discourse? This peroration with such circumstance. 1610― Temp. ii. ii. 52 She had a tongue with a tang. 1671Milton Samson 271 Bondage with ease. 1702De Foe Shortest Way w. Dissenters 28 Why shou'd the Papist with his Seven Sacraments be worse than the Quaker with no Sacraments at all? 1712Steele Spect. No. 438 ⁋4 A very learned Man with an erect Solemn Air. 1776Trial of Nundocomar 32/2 He was then in a cool sweat, with a low pulse. 1812Crabbe Tales xi. 385 Retiring late, at early hour to rise, With shrunken features, and with bloodshot eyes. 1864Tennyson Aylmer's F. 387. 1883 Law Times 22 Sept. 356/1 A colony with a constitution like that of the Cape Colony. 1893Atlanta Jan. 269 Many another man with less heart and less imagination.
b. With special implications: (a) Still having; without loss of or detriment to; so as to keep or retain; consistently with.
c1440Alphabet of Tales 25 He vnnethis gatt away with his life. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 224 He could not long continue in the seruice of princes with the sauetie of his lyfe. 1600in J. Morris Troubles Cath. Foref. (1872) Ser. i. iv. 195 Another gentleman..was beaten down from his horse and hardly escaped with life. 1615in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 163 The King's letter was, that he..could not with his greatness answer the proposition. 1654in J. Morris Troubles Cath. Foref. (1872) Ser. i. vi. 307 He said she could not pass the next winter with life, if she took not this remedy. 1865Ruskin Sesame i. §31 A nation..cannot with impunity,..cannot with existence..go on..concentrating its soul on Pence.
(b) Though having; notwithstanding, in spite of. (Usually followed by all qualifying the n.; cf. for prep. 23 a, b.)
13..Sir Beues (A.) 1105 Ȝet wiþ þan Ichauede þe leuer to me lemman,..Þan al þe gold þat Crist haþ maked. 1557North Gueuara's Diall Pr. (1582) 409 All these things notwithstanding they are dishonest are sometimes tollerable.., so yt with these faults they would be diligent to dispatch men. 1561Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer ii. (1577) K j b, He hath suche straunge conceites.., that with all y⊇ painting he hath he can not paint them. 1693Dryden Juvenal Sat. Ded. (1697) p. lxxxv, Ancient Words..which, with all their Rusticity, had somewhat of Venerable in them. 1779Mirror No. 34 ⁋9 Umphraville, with all his dignity, his abilities, and his knowledge, felt himself uneasy and ridiculous. 1784Cowper Task ii. 206 England, with all thy faults, I love thee still. 1881Stevenson Virg. Puerisque Ded., But, with the best will, no man can be twenty-five for ever. 1908R. Bagot A. Cuthbert vi. 50 With all her apparent roughness of disposition..she was by no means a heartless woman.
32. a. Indicating an accompanying or attendant circumstance, or a result following from the action expressed by the verb.
c1350Will. Palerne 1851 Þe werwolf..went to him euene, Wiþ a rude roring. 1500–20Dunbar Poems viii. 2 Thou may complain with sighis lamentable The death of Bernard Stewart. 1563Foxe A. & M. 621/2 To passe it ouer with sylence. 1621Lady M. Wroth Urania 459, I looked vpon him, and with teares told him, his censure was harder, then the Prince his. 1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. i. 10 Afterwards smooth it with a Blood red Heat. 1703Rowe Fair Penit. i. i, She, with Looks averse, and Eyes that froze me, Sadly reply'd. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §265 Our men went out with a declaration that they would not return till they had found the moorings. 1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) vii. 13 The frosty silence..with which it is received by the different auditors. 1809Malkin Gil Blas i. xvii. ⁋11, I do not in the least doubt it, interrupted Fabricio with a horse-laugh. 1872Morley Voltaire (1886) 1 With as far-spreading and invincible an effect. 1912Engl. Hist. Rev. Oct. 672 The value of a papal dispensation is considered, with the conclusion that it is valid in some cases but not in all.
b. (after find, take, etc.) In the actual commission of (a crime or misdemeanour). Obs. or arch.
c1430Syr Tryam. 185 Y trowed in hur no false-hedd, Tylle y fonde them with the dede. 1510Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 314/2 Taken in redehand with any crime. 1530–1611 [see mainour 2]. 1572R. H. tr. Lauaterus' Ghostes (1596) 40 Albeit they were..almost taken tardy with the deede doing. 1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i. 227 His sonne being taken with the fact,..Zaleucus would never suffer the punishment to be..lessened.
33. Indicating something granted, received, or assumed: often with conditional implication, as in with your leave (or permission) = ‘if you will allow me’.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 971 Wyth leue laȝt of þe lorde he went hem aȝaynes. c1400Apol. Loll. 70 Weþ þe lefe or conferming of þe kirk, swilk mariage is rate. 1436in Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm., Var. Coll. IV. 199 To oaste this land oute of allereputacion..yf so falle, as with oure Lord mercy it never shal falle. 1539Bible (Great) 2 Chron. xviii. 12 The wordes of the prophetes speake good to the kyng with one assent. ― Ps. xviii. 29 Wt the helpe of my God I shall leape ouer the wall. 1610B. Jonson Alch. iv. i, Madame, with your pardon, I kisse your vesture. 1648–9in Engl. Hist. Rev. (1917) Oct. 570 Hee..had alsoe the Keyes of the Castle (but not with Thompson's good will). 1660Act 12 Chas. II c. 19 Bee it Enacted by the Kings most Excellent Majesty by and with the advice and consent of the Lords and Commons..That [etc.]. 1779Mirror No. 33 ⁋4 We were accordingly married with the universal approbation of my friends. 1794J. H. Moore Pract. Navig. (ed. 10) 87 With the course and distance find the difference of latitude and departure. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. xv, Another gentleman comes and collars that glass of punch, without a ‘with your leave’, or ‘by your leave’. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. I. i. 77 So the law of England remained..with the deliberate approval of both the great parties. 1879E. Waterton Pietas Mariana Brit. 226 With these general data, I now proceed to examine some of the details.
34. Followed by a n. denoting some alteration or modification, or something imposed in the way of a demand or requirement: e.g. change, condition, exception, loss, proviso, qualification, etc. (Before condition now replaced by on.)
c1450Merlin xiv. 203 We be come to serue yow, with this condicion, that ye desire not to knowe oure names. 1489in Trevelyan Papers (Camden) 93 With the same condicions and provisoes. 1626W. Sclater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 210 With exception of the crosse. 1629Hobbes Thucyd. i. 59 The Athenians..made peace, with condition to haue their Prisoners released. 1779Mirror No. 7 ⁋2 With these qualifications, Sir, I am held in considerable estimation by the wits of both sexes. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ii. I. 165 Such a body..is composed, with scarcely an exception, of sincere persons. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 44 With the exception of a dwelling-house.., the remainder of the area was covered with warehouses.
35. a. Followed by a n. denoting misfortune or evil, in imprecations and intensive phrases: also with a wanion, with a witness (see witness n. 14). Now chiefly in with a vengeance (in intensive sense: see vengeance n. 4).
a1300K. Horn 326 (Camb.) Went [= go] vt of my bur Wiþ muchel mesauentur. c1386Chaucer Manciple's Prol. 11 Is that a Cook of London, with meschance? a1529Skelton E. Rummyng 346 As thou, wyth shamfull deth! 1538–[see mischief n. 9 a]. 16..Middleton, etc. Old Law iii. ii, Ly. I will send it through you with a powder. Sim. Let come, with a Pox! 1663Dryden Wild Gallant i. ii, I'll put you out of your Pater Nosters, with a sorrow to you.
b. Introducing a refrain (often meaningless) in a poem or ballad.
[13..Coer de L. 2522 They rowede hard, and sungge ther too, With heuelow and rumbeloo.] c1400Pety Job 96 in 26 Pol. Poems 124 Nowe yeue me mercy, and say nat nay, Wyth Parce michi, domine. 15..[see hey-ho]. 1519[see hey int. 2]. a1529Skelton E. Rummyng 289 Wyth Hey and wyth howe. 1633,1672[see fading n.]. 1665,a1800[see fa-la a]. 1780British Grenadiers, With a tow, row, row, row, row.
36. In various preceding senses, followed by object and complement (phr. with prep., pple., adj., adv., or inf. with to).
c1290Beket 1169 in S. Eng. Leg. 140 With one haltre ope þe mere forth rod þis holi man. 1375Barbour Bruce viii. 48 Thai saw in battale cum arayit The vaward with baner displayit. c1386Chaucer Doctor's T. 211 With fadres pitee stikynge thurgh his herte. 1443–50in W. P. Baildon Sel. Cases Chanc. (1896) 134 His purse with xxv.s. of money therin. c1482Paston Lett. III. 295 Fayne she wold be redde of it with hyr onowr savyd. 1527Test. Ebor. (Surtees) VI. 13 The lesse leede with the hole in the bothom. 1534More Comf. agst. Trib. iii. xix. (1553) R vij, The..prieste..that had..vsed to say Dominus with the seconde sillable long. 1611Shakes. Cymb. ii. i. 26 You crow Cock, with your combe on. 1630E. Pagitt Christianogr. i. iii. (1636) 133 Standing..with their armes foulded. 1745Pococke Descr. East II. ii. 231 There are six youths in each room, with a master over them. 1760–2Goldsm. Cit. W. lxxi, He sat with rapture in his eye. 1831Scott Cast. Dang. xiv, The shield represented an owl with its wings spread. 1842Tennyson Lady Clare xv, She went by dale, and she went by down, With a single rose in her hair. 1842Browning Through the Metidja i, As I ride, as I ride, With a full heart for my guide. 1848Dickens Dombey v, An iron-grey autumnal day, with a shrewd east wind blowing. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede xviii, They..stood with their hats off. 1866Ruskin Let. 10 May, Joan has written another long letter to you with something about me in it. 1870Morris Earthly Par. iii. 455 Life seemed not so cursed With this to think of.
III. Denoting instrumentality, causation, or agency.
37. a. (a) Indicating the means or instrument (material or immaterial) of any kind of action: By means of, by the use of.
c1200Ormin 5524 Þe bodiȝ forr to pinenn wiþþ swinnc. c1220Bestiary 9 He..Draȝeð dust wið his stert. Ibid. 627 He ne hauen no lið Ðat he muȝen risen wið. a1250Prov. Alfred 90 in O.E. Misc. 108 For to werie þat lond wiþ hunger and wiþ herivnge. c1250Gen. & Ex. 44 Al was ðat firme ðrosing in niȝt, Til he wit hise word made liȝt. a1300K. Horn 459 (Camb.) Wiþ seluer & wiþ golde Hit wurþ him wel iȝolde. Ibid. 514 Þin armes he haþ & scheld To fiȝte wiþ vpon þe feld. a1300Cursor M. 14427 Þat he suld flexs take o þair kin, For to ranscun wit adam sin. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1438 He with keyes vncloses kystes ful mony. 1382Wyclif Mark xiv. 58, I schal vndo this temple maad with hondis. c1386Chaucer Prol. 1 Whan that Aprille with hise shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote. c1400Mandeville (1919) xxvii. 165 A lytille whippe in hire hondes for to chacen with hire hors. 1413E.E. Wills (1882) 22 The residue of my gode, y bequethe tho Amys my wyf, an my son, to kepe hem boþ wyt. 1479Cely Papers (Camden) 18, vc or vj c baras canvase for to packe woll wyt. 1491Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) ii. 247/2 Oonly as moche as suffysed to bye with his brede cotydyan. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxxvi. 123/1 He lost euer after y⊇ syght with that eye. 1526Tindale Matt. xx. 22 Are ye able..to be baptised with the baptism that y shalbe baptised with? ― Mark ix. 49 Every sacryfyse shalbe seasoned with saltt. 1591Spenser Virg. Gnat 432 All slaine with darts. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 145 They build with vnburnt clay. 1671Milton Samson 1621 The people with a shout Rifted the Air. 1748Anson's Voy. i. i. 9 The ships were disappointed of provisions for want of a cargo to truck with. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. iii, We lightened the fatigues of the road with philosophical disputes. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xi. III. 44 Some acts which in the citizen are punished with fine or imprisonment must in the soldier be punished with death. 1877Ruskin St. Mark's Rest i. §18 There is nothing like a little work with the fingers for teaching the eyes. 1890Law Times' Rep. LXIII. 691/2 A publican runs a greater risk of being cheated with false money than other tradesmen.
† (b) Through the medium of (a person). rare.
c1000ælfric Gen. xxxviii. 20 Iudas sende an ticcen wið hys Odolamitiscean hyrde. a1300Cursor M. 1274 He wald send me word wit þe. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxviii. (Margaret) 135 Tyne nocht my sawle with fellone mene. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. v. i. 230 He did arrest me with an Officer.
b. Formerly used in many cases where by (by prep., 30, 32) is now the usual or only construction; e.g. with obj. a person, or an action (esp. when expressed by a gerund or vbl. n. in -ing).
a1300Cursor M. 882 Sco has me fild wit hir sin. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 129 He wald do nimen him anon, & wiþ strengþe him nim wolde. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 521 Wes nocht all Troy with tresoune tane..? c1386Chaucer Doctor's T. 217 To dyen with a swerd or with a knyf. c1450tr. De Imitatione ii. xii. 57 It shal not lye in þy power to be esid ner delyuered wiþ no remedy ner no solace. c1450J. Capgrave Life St. Aug. 112 Þou wer led in-to þis place witȝ þe handis of many men. 1513Bradshaw St. Werburge i. 2461 And it to confyrme..With charters and dedes. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccciii. 183 b/1 The towne was taken with assaute, and robbed. 1539Bible (Great) 1 Kings vi. 8 Men went vp with windyng steares into the myddle chambre. 1571Digges Pantom. iv. vi. X j, If by the second rule ye diuide 100 with 24, the quotient is 41/6. 1667Dryden tr. Life S. Francis Xavier vi. 667 Many sick persons..were cur'd with only seeing it. a1715Burnet Own Time (1724) I. 409 With all this the King was convinced. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 43 ⁋10 Distant countries are united with canals. 1837Dickens Pickw. iii, Will you oblige us with proceeding with what you were going to relate? 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede xvi, I don't believe there's anything you can't prevail on people to do with kindness.
c. Used where other prepositions are now usual, as at (a charge or cost), in (a receptacle or something figured as such), of (a material or constituent, after make), on or upon (food, etc.).
a1300Cursor M. 11109 Ion..liued wit rotes and wit gress, Wit honi o þe wildernes. c1450Godstow Reg. 530 The forsaid Adam shold susteyn the said mese..with his owne costis. 1564Harding Answ. Jewel 40 S. Augustine vttereth the same thinge almost with the same wordes. a1586Sidney Astr. & Stella Sonn. xcix, When farre spent night perswades each mortal eie..To laye his then marke wanting shaftes of sight, Clos'd with their quivers in Sleeps armorie. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. i. i. 303 You shall fast a Weeke with Branne and water. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus, Ann. i. xv. (1622) 29 Germanicus..furnished the rest with his owne charges. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 83 They dine with dried pork. 1633J. Clarke Two-fold Praxis, I lived..with sevenpence a day. 1709Strype Ann. Ref. I. xl. 410 That she would wrap up all such matters with oblivion. a1774Goldsm. Surv. Exp. Philos. (1776) II. 239 Burning instruments of this kind are usually made with glass. 1785Cumberland Nat. Son i. i, When he shall see what frippery a woman is made up with. 1801Strutt Sports & Past. iii. vi. 221 Diminutive imitations of muskets made with wood. 1840Pereira Elem. Mat. Med. ii. 1269 A sinapism made with flour.
†d. In reference to procreation, with obj. either the male or the female parent: = by prep. 32 c.
c1450Merlin 20 Thow wast with childe with hym. 1593in Maitl. Club Misc. I. 56 The barne gottin be him with the said Margaret Steyne. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. ii. ii. 143 Shee speakes, and 'tis such sence That my Sence breeds with it. a1709J. Lister Autobiog. (1842) 51, I had but two children with my wife.
e. After begin or end and words of like sense, in various shades of meaning: indicating (a) that which constitutes the beginning or end, i.e. the initial or final part, element, stage, proceeding, etc. (after a personal subj. and before a gerund now by, as in b above); (b) a person or thing acted upon or treated first or last (coinciding with 9); (c) (after begin, originate, etc.) the agent or source from which something takes its rise (allied to 11).
Phr. (with ellipsis of obj.) to begin with: to take what is mentioned or indicated as one's starting-point.
1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy i. 2414 For my behest with deth I schal conclude. c1550Bale K. Johan (Camden) 47 Fyrst to begyne with, we shall interdyte the lond. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) I. 494/2 First begynnyng with that godly man..the autor of the boke. a1619in S. Atkinson Gold Mynes Scot. (Bann. Club) 2 It is true that ‘say well and doe well ends both with one letter’. 1677in Essex Papers (Camden) II. 110 The Commoners..take distaste that anything which relates to mony, should..begin with the Lords. 1683Tryon Way to Health 642 Drawing towards a Conclusion of this Treatise, I shall put a period thereto with some unvulgar Considerations of the Nature of Sounds and Melody. 1713Berkeley Guardian No. 69 ⁋2 He has ended his Discourse with a Prayer. 1768Sterne Sent. Journ. II. 51 (Le Patisser) He finish'd the scene with winning my esteem. 1833H. Martineau Brooke Farm i. 6, I must begin my lecture with you. 1843Fraser's Mag. XXVIII. 657 The evening generally closed with music. 1861T. L. Peacock Gryll Grange xxix, I will be bound every one of this company could..find a quotation in point.—Miss Gryll, to begin with. 1879Ruskin St. Mark's Rest iv. §56 We may close her national history with the seventeenth century. 1887‘L. Carroll’ Game of Logic i. §2. 22 ‘Middle’ begins with ‘m’. 1918in Engl. Hist. Rev. (1919) July 442 Newcastle's response..did not stop with sending Warren for the defence of the Northern Colonies.
38. After words of furnishing, filling, covering, adorning, and the like. (Allied to II. ***, involving the notion of addition.)
After full now replaced by of.
c1200Ormin 994 Bulltedd bræd..smeredd wel wiþþ elesæw. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 384/256 For-to..crouni him with golde. a1300Cursor M. 852 God..fild þis werld al wit his grace. Ibid. 1046 Wit gress and leues his he clad. a1310in Wright Lyric P. xxxiv. 96 To presente hyre sone With myrre, gold, ant encenz. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 1076 It [sc. a robe] ful well With Orfrays leyd was euerydeell. c1394P. Pl. Crede 116 Cloþ to coveren wiþ our bones. c1425Engl. Conq. Irel. 130 Encombret whyth syn. 1445in Anglia XXVIII. 277 Histirlonde he plantith with vyne. 1506in Mem. Hen. VII (Rolls) 285 The third chamber..was hanged with a very rich arras. c15111st Engl. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 28/1 Ledder to kyuer theyr members with. 1526–[see endow v. 3 b.]. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. i. 131 Her wombe then rich with my yong squire. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. iii. 4 That doest ennoble with immortall name The warlike Worthies. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 154 Infused with a fortitude from heauen. Ibid. 283 Then was this Island..not honour'd with A humane shape. 1621Lady M. Wroth Urania 229 As full of spite and ill nature as a Spider with poyson. 1633J. Clarke Two-fold Praxis 63 It is very expedient for us scholars to be instructed with good manners. c1646Milton Sonn., On new Forcers Consc. 7 To force our Consciences..And ride us with a classic Hierarchy. 1713–[see litter v. 5, 6 a]. 1734G. Sale Koran Prelim. Disc. §1. 3 A stony and barren valley, surrounded on all sides with mountains. 1849Robertson Serm. Ser. i. vi. (1866) 99 Christianity..permeates all evil with good. 1878Hardy Ret. Native vi. i, Wreathing it [sc. a pole] with wild⁓flowers. 1884W. C. Smith Kildrostan 86 A..breeze..Tippling the waves with foam.
39. a. Indicating the cause or reason: In consequence of, as a result of, by the action of; because of, by reason of, on account of; from, through, by.
In some cases now replaced by of (e.g. after come v. 11 c); in others of and with are used with distinction of meaning (see e.g. die v.1 1 b, 7 c, weary a. 1 c, 2).
13..Cursor M. 1058 (Gött.) For-þi was he witt þat for lorn. 13..K. Alis. 930 Mony a baner..rotled with the wynde. a1400Arthur 466 And deyde wyþ strokis þat þey hente. 1476Paston Lett. III. 161, I ame somewhatt crased, what with the see and what wythe thys dyet heer. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. i. i. 69 Hart sick with thought. 1593― 2 Hen. VI, iv. vii. 111, I feele remorse in my selfe with his words. 1596― Tam. Shr. iii. ii. 243 Went they not quickly, I should die with laughing. 1600G. Abbot Exp. Jonah 54 These did perish in their owne sinne, although they perished with his fault. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. iii. iv. 366 This comes with seeking you. a1604Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 202 The Lord Iames Audley..dyed with the fall of a horse. 1671in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 23 She was so ill with wearing a paire of perfumed bodyes that she was forced to goe to bed. 1682Wood Life (O.H.S.) III. 12 July, Sir Jonas Moore..died with a fall from his horse. 1784Cowper Tiroc. 833 Flush'd with drunk'ness. 1816Byron Prisoner of Chillon 1 My hair is grey, but not with years. 1837Hawthorne Twice-told T., Gt. Carbuncle, The..branches..mossy with age. 1889J. K. Jerome Three Men in Boat 4 Zymosis I had evidently been suffering with from boyhood. Mod. colloq. Harry Wood is in the Cottage Hospital with his knee.
b. After a trans. vb. (usually in pass.), or a pa. pple. or ppl. adj., indicating the immediate cause or ground of the action or state spoken of: often approaching or coinciding with 37 or 40 b.
After certain pples., as pleased, surprised, etc., varying with or now replaced by at. After trouble vb. sometimes approaching 9.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 3690 Ðor wurð ȝhe ðanne wið lepre smiten. a1300Cursor M. 4076 Þai soght him ai to greue wit wrang. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VIII. 149 Þe pepil was i-plesed wiþ his faire speche. c1400Rom. Rose 5628 Contente with his pouerte. c1440Generydes 2221 With tho wordes the kyng liked full ill. 14..in Guillim's Heraldry iv. vii. (1632) 296 Worne wud Age. 1535Coverdale Prov. vi. 25 Lest thou be taken with hir fayre lokes. 1533T. Wilson Rhet. 115 b, Because I haue halfe weried the reader.., I will harten him agayne wyth a merye tale. 1603–[see spent 3 b]. 1652Wadsworth tr. Sandoval's Civ. Wars Spain 342 Hugging himself with that small victorie. 1655–1768 [see surprise v. 5]. a1745Swift Ess. Faculties Mind Ded., Wks. 1841 II. 284/2 To suppose you would be very much obliged with anything that was new. 1792Jefferson Writ. (1859) III. 494, I am rejoiced with the account he gives me. 1807Earl Malmesbury Diaries & Corr. III. 363, I am..not surprised with the opiniativeness of Lord Grenville. 1839Thirlwall Greece li. VI. 243 His men and horses were now nearly spent with toil. 1891Conan Doyle White Company xx, A face which was distorted with rage.
c. After an intr. (rarely a trans.) vb. or an adj., combining the sense ‘by reason of’ with 28 (‘having in or upon it’) or 38 (‘filled, covered, etc. with’). Also more vaguely, indicating a substance (esp. a liquid) which is the logical subject of the vb.: e.g. it is pouring with rain = rain is pouring; (flowers) dripping with dew = having dew dripping from them.
1388Wyclif Exod. iii. 8 A lond that flowith with milk and hony. 1390Gower Conf. I. 98 Hire chekes ben with teres wet. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 1397 The castel and cete rang With mynstralsi and nobil sang. c1450Holland Howlat 5 With alkyn herbes..The feldis flurist. 1508Dunbar Gold. Targe 28 Doun throu the ryce a ryuir ran wyth stremys. 1513Douglas æneis vii. viii. 93 Hir figoure sa grisly gret aboundis, Wyth glowand ene birnand of flawmis blak. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Manantia vlcera, sores runnyng with matter. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. i. iii. 45 Our Italy, Shines o're with ciuill Swords. 1622–[see heavy a. 4]. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 605 Now glow'd the Firmament With living Saphirs. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 235 Th' Alburnian Groves, with Holly green. Ibid. 559 The Garment, stiff with Ice, at Hearths is thaw'd. 1746Smollett Reproof 28 Hallowed be the mouth That teems with moral zeal and dauntless truth! 1798Coleridge Kubla Khan 8 Gardens bright with sinuous rills. 1799Wordsw. Fountain viii, My eyes are dim with childish tears. 1849[see pour v. 6 b]. 1899T. S. Moore Vinedresser 6 Banks more soft with moss than any bed.
d. Following words of blame or the like (after charge orig. fig. from 38); also after credit vb.: indicating the ground of the charge, etc.
After accuse, suspect, now replaced by of.
c1440Alph. Tales 318 Þis preste..tolde hur cowncell, & vpbrayed hur þerwith. 1559Mirr. Mag., Dk. Clarence l. 7 To charge me with offence. 1579–80North Plutarch, Demetrius (1595) 946 Hee..was most detected with this vice of lechery. 1591Troub. Raigne K. John i. 147 A Man, Whom he accuseth with adulterie. 1665Dryden Ind. Emperor iii. ii, None shall tax me with base Perjury. 1670Stubbe Reply H. More (1671) 75 The World will condemn you with Blasphemy for that comparison. 1715De Foe Fam. Instruct. (1841) II. i. i. 10 The blot with which I reproach myself. 1814Mrs. J. West Alicia de Lacy IV. 298 There seems no just cause for accusing the King with the premature fate of this nobleman. 1877Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. i. iii. 27 To credit him with a desire to reform the Church.
40. After a passive verb or participle, indicating the principal agent: = by prep. 33.
a. (a person or animal). Obs. exc. dial.
c1300Havelok 2489 He was wit þe prestes shriue. 13..Cursor M. 15908 (Gött.) Sare he dred þat syden fell Wid þaim he suld be slaine. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1229 Your honour..is hendely praysed With lordez, wyth ladyes, with alle þat lyf bere. 1375Barbour Bruce xviii. 128 And be the armys led wes he With twa men. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) vi. 19 Þis same sowdan..was slayne with his awen seruands. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 38 The first quhete that ever was sawin with man. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 52 They all were eten wyth bores and of lions. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) II. 56 So awful rumour..Wes neuir hard with no man in this erd. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 110 There was a Towne in Spayne vndermined with Connyes, in Thessalia with Mowles, with Frogges in Fraunce. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. v. ii. 68 He was torne to pieces with a Beare. 1632Lithgow Trav. iii. 86 It was miserably sacked, and burned with Turkes. 1670Dryden Conq. Granada iii. i, As I were stung with some tarantula. 1707Mortimer Husb. 165 If the Ass, you design to breed on, be suckled with a Mare. a1715Burnet Own Time (1724) I. 250 He rode thro' London, accompanied with the most popular men of his Court. 1727Philip Quarll (1816) 19 This island is inhabited..with monkies and myself. 1735J. Hughes tr. Fontenelle's Dial. i. viii. (ed. 3) 32, I went attended with a numerous train. Mod. dial. You never hear of horses being bit with snakes.
†b. (a thing, material or immaterial). Obs.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xii. (Mathias) 65 With wawis castine to þe land. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 295 Awaked wiþ crienge of gandres. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5866 In to eland war þai kest with' a flowyng flode. 1571Digges Pantom. i. xxxi. K j, Intercepted with the perpendicular lyne. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 94 Hyrcania..is limited on the North with the Caspian Sea. 1729Law Serious C. xix. 354 Her other entrails were much hurt by being crush'd together with her stays. 1760R. Brown Compl. Farmer ii. 2 Overflowed with rivers or land-floods.
B. adv.
†1.
a. With it (me, them, etc.); in collocation, company, or association; together; occas., at the same time, simultaneously. Obs.
c888ælfred Boeth. xvi. §3 Hit nis nauht ᵹecynde..þæt æniᵹ wiðerweard þing bion ᵹemenged wið oðrum wiðer⁓weardum, oððe æniᵹe ᵹeferrædenne wið habban. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 54 Meng þonne hwitcwudu wiþ. c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 711 Ley nettelys vndir with. Ibid. vi. 10 Al doubil seed, as benes,..And other puls, a xl dayes floure, And greteth with [orig. simulque grandescunt]. c1450tr. De Imitatione iii. lxiv. 150 Defende and kepe þe soule of þy..seruant..and, þy grace goyng wiþ [orig. comitante gratia], dyrecte hym by þe wey of pes.
†b. with also: nonce-substitute for withal (= ‘also’). Obs. rare.
1586G. Whetstone Engl. Mirr. i. xv. 95 Frauncis the second..beeing both very young, and with also married to the Queene of Scots.
†2. with and with:
a. Immediately, forthwith (= by and by 3);
b. From time to time, again and again, every now and then. Obs.
c1200Ormin 5628 Ice wile wiþþ & wiþþ þa seoffne seollþess shæwenn. c1205Lay. 20747 We sendeð wið and wið and ȝeornen Arðures grið. Ibid. 30177 Adwine..seide auere wið and wið: ich wulle makien un-frið. c1440Pallad. on Husb. xi. 175 Delue hit ofte, and..Ay with and with lycour on hit to trete.
†3. With that, or with which; therewith, wherewith: = withal adv. 2. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 936 God mad þam kyrtels þan of hide, And cled þar flexs wit for to hide. a1425Ibid. 8597 (Trin.) Her modris..had no cradles ne wiþ to by. 1566in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 48 The said earl..had a couple of partridges, and to drink with of his lordships cost.
†C. conj.
a. To the time that, until. (Only OE.)
b. During or at the time that; while; when. (Cf. sense 16 of the prep.) Obs. rare.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. x. 11 Ðer wunas wið ᵹe ðona ᵹeonga. 1375Barbour Bruce xvii. 455 It wes nocht eyth till ta The toune, with [v.rr. quhill; ed. 1570 while] sic defens wes maid. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 1685 With þir thinges were done.
D. Comb., as with-worker (nonce-wd. after G. mitwerker), a fellow-worker, co-worker.
1884R. F. Burton Camoens, Lyricks i. 4, I have been aided by a host of ‘with-workers’.
▪ III. with
see withe.
▪ IV. with
obs. form of white, wight. |