| 释义 |
lamprey|ˈlæmprɪ|
Forms: 3, 6–7 lamprei(e, -ye, 4–7 lampray(e, laumpray, -ee, -ey, 5 laumperey, lawmpery, 5–7 lampre, 6–7 lampry, lamprie, 4– lamprey.
[a. OF. *lampreie (OF. and mod.F. lamproie) = Pr. lampreza, lamprea, lamprada, It. lampreda (the Sp., Pg. lamprea seem to be from Fr.):—med.L. lamprēda (glossed muræna c 1050 in Wr.-Wülcker 180/28); the word was adopted into the Teut. langs.: OE. lamprede (also lęmpedu limpet), OHG. lampreta (mod.G. lamprete, whence Sw., Da. lampret), MDu. lampreide. The ulterior etymology is uncertain.
The med.L. lamprēda is usually believed to be an alteration of the synonymous lampetra (recorded earlier, viz. in the Glossary of Philoxenus, ? 4–5th c.), which is explained as f. L. lambĕre to lick + petra stone, in allusion to the fact that the lamprey attaches itself by a sucker to stones. The use of med.L. lamprēda for the limpet as well as the lamprey gives some plausibility to this; but possibly lampetra may be merely an etymologizing perversion.]
a. A fish of the genus Petromyzon, resembling an eel in shape and in having no scales. It has a mouth like a sucker, pouch-like gills, seven spiracles or apertures on each side of the head, and a fistula or opening on the top of the head.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9114–17 Þo he com he willede of an lampreye to ete..& et as in luþer cas, vor þulke lampreie him slou. 1333–4Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 21 In xij Laumprays. c1400Rom. Rose 7038 They defende hem with lamprey, With luce, with elis, with samons. a1400–50Alexander 5473 Lamprays of weȝt Twa hundreth pond ay a pece. 1444Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 218 Withoute avys make no comparysoun Atween a laumperey and a shynyng snake. 1531Tindale Exp. 1 John Prol., Wks. (1573) 388/2 The boy..would fayne haue eaten of the pastie of lamprese. 1634R. H. Salernes Regim. 88 Although Lampreyes be a little wholesommmer then Eeles, and lesse jeopardous. 1672–3Marvell Reh. Transp. Wks. 1776 II. 61 He hath been fed all his life with vipers insteed of lampres, and scorpions for cray fish. 1720Gay Poems (1745) II. 122 Why then send lampreys? fy, for shame 'Twill set a virgins blood on flame. 1837M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II. 201 The Lamprey, like the eel..is remarkably tenacious of life. 1870Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 324 Lampreys reach this country packed in jars with vinegar,..and bay leaves.
b. attrib. and Comb., as lamprey-pie, lamprey-weel; lamprey bake = lamprey-pie; lamprey-eel, the Sea-lamprey (Petromyzon marinus); lamprey-stock (see quot.).
c1440Douce MS. 55 lf. 31 b, *Lampray bake. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 630 Fresche lamprey bake þus it must be dight.
1726S. Penhallow in Coll. New Hampsh. Hist. Soc. (1824) I. 31 Next day, they kill'd Edward Taylor near *Lamprey-Eel River. 1831R. Cox Adventures Columbia River I. vii. 149 We got plenty of salmon while we remained here, and some lamprey eels, the latter of which were oily and very strong. 1883C. F. Holder in Harper's Mag. Dec. 102/1 Very similar in its habit of erecting a nest is the lamprey-eel (Petromyzon marinus). 1885Amer. Naturalist XIX. 922 The lamprey eel of Kansas..proves to be usually the chestnut lamprey.
1599H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner M 3 Many in England have surfetted of *Lampry pies, as our Chronicles will tell us. 1599Massinger, etc. Old Law ii. i. (1656) 22 Backe Snakes for Lamprie Pies, and Cats for Cunnies.
1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 365 *Lamprey ‘Stock’.—A wooden Cylinder for catching Lampreys.
Ibid. 366 *Lamprey-Weel. |