| 释义 |
Langmuir, n.|ˈlæŋmjʊə(r)|
[The name of Irving Langmuir (1881–1957), U.S. physicist and chemist.]
Used attrib. and in the possessive to designate various concepts introduced by Langmuir or arising out of his work, as Langmuir('s) adsorption isotherm Physics, (the equation of) a curve showing the relationship between the proportion of a surface covered by molecules of an adsorbed gas and the gas pressure; Langmuir cell Oceanogr., each of the cells within which water circulates in Langmuir circulation; Langmuir circulation Oceanogr., the large-scale organized motion, due to convection currents, observed near the surface of large bodies of water; Langmuir isotherm Physics = *Langmuir adsorption isotherm above; Langmuir probe Physics, an instrument for studying the density and other properties of plasma by measuring the current through a small electrode of known potential.
[1924Physical Rev. XXIX. 597 Potential distribution and ion concentration were investigated by Langmuir's modified probe method.] 1931Glasstone Recent Adv. Physical Chem. vii. 300 The presence of the constant k may be attributed to the formation of a very stable complete layer of gas, upon which a subsequent unimolecular layer, satisfying the requirements of the Langmuir isotherm..is adsorbed. 1932K. K. Darrow Electr. Phenomena in Gases 489/2 (Index), Langmuir probe-method. 1940Glasstone Text-bk. Physical Chem. xiv. 1177 x/m = k1k2p/(1 + k1p) , where k1 and k2 are constants for the given system and p is the gas pressure..is known as Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. 1941J. D. Cobine Gaseous Conductors 601/1 (Index), Langmuir probe. 1958H. J. Gray Dict. Physics 290/1 The Langmuir probe..is connected to a point of variable potential and the current drawn is studied against the current. 1963Deep-Sea Res. X. 233 In Langmuir circulation the surface layers of two adjacent masses of water flow toward each other. 1964G. I. Brown Introd. Physical Chem. xlv. 498 The Langmuir adsorption isotherm gives a satisfactory theoretical interpretation of many experimental results. 1970Jrnl. Geophysical Res. LXXV. 4177/1 Such circulation patterns are now generally known as Langmuir cells. 1978P. W. Atkins Physical Chem. xxviii. 946 Deviations from the Langmuir isotherm are widely observed. 1979Nature 14 June 615/2 The data reported here are from three instruments on Pioneer Venus—the electric field detector, the magnetometer, and the Langmuir probe. Ibid. 26 July 273/3 Pollard then pointed to processes believed to be relevant in the mixed layer: the generation of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows, with subsequent mixing, surface wave breaking and Langmuir circulation due to interactions between surface waves and shear in the water. 1992S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 191/2 The instrumentation carried for charged particle studies evolved from the original simple GM tubes to..Faraday cages, Langmuir probes, and channel electron multipliers. |