| 释义 |
lapidary, a. and n.|ˈlæpɪdərɪ|
Forms: 4–5 lapidaire, 4–6 Sc. lapidar, 4–7 lapidarie, -ye, (5 lapadary, lipidarye), 7 lapidare, -ery, 6– lapidary.
[ad. L. lapidārius, f. lapid-, lapis stone. Cf. F. lapidaire. In B. 2 and 3 ad. L. lapidārium or L. type *lapidāria.]
A. adj.
1. Concerned with stones. rare exc. in lapidary bee (see quots. 1854–68).
1831–57De Quincey Dr. Parr Wks. VI. 164 That lapidary style of retort in which their wrath has been trained to express itself. 1835Court Mag. VI. 166/2 An Irish pavior expressed an anxiety to enter into partnership with a friend, who likewise followed the same lapidary profession. 1854H. Miller Sch. & Schm. (1858) 68 The lapidary red-tipped bees, that built amid the recesses of ancient cairns, and in old dry stone walls. 1868Wood Homes without H. vii. 138 The Lapidary Bee (Bombus lapidarius).
2. a. Of an inscription, etc.: Engraved on stone, esp. monumental stones. b. Of style, etc.: Characteristic of or suitable for monumental inscriptions.
1724Life of Dr. Barwick 40 note, See a farther Account of him..in Dr. Jenkins's Lapidary Verses prefix'd to those Sermons. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 147 These Words..expressed, in the Lapidary Stile, that it was built from its very Foundation. 1775Johnson in Boswell Dec., In lapidary inscriptions a man is not upon oath. 1817Lamb Let. to Ayrton in Talfourd Final Mem. x. 101 Tell me candidly how you relish This, which they call The lapidary style. 1822Byron Vis. Judgm. xii, He's buried; save the undertaker's bill, Or lapidary scrawl. 1838–9Hallam Hist. Lit. II. viii. ii. §63. 361 They were the encouragers of a numismatic and lapidary erudition. 1873Tristram Moab vii. 135 If the new-comers had had any reverence for the lapidary records of their predecessors. 1899Academy 18 Feb. 210/2 A stanza [which] has a lapidary dignity, as of some thing carved in stone.
B. n.
1. One busied about or concerned with stones.
a. An artificer who cuts, polishes, or engraves gems or precious stones.
1382Wyclif Ecclus. xlv. 13 With werk of the lapidarie grauun. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxiii. 15 Glasing wrichtis, goldsmythis, and lapidaris. 1555Eden Decades 233 The region of Malabar where are many cunnynge Lapidaries. 1624Fletcher Rule a Wife v. ii, An excellent lapidary set those stones sure. 1684Winstanley in Shaks. C. Praise 401 Cornish Diamonds are not Polished by any Lapidary. 1753Smollett Ct. Fathom (1784) 92/2 Ratchkali, who was an exquisite lapidary, had set it in such a manner, as would have imposed upon any ordinary jeweller. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xx. 141 Portions of the vertical walls..are polished..as if they had come from the hands of a lapidary. 1869Boutell Arms & Arm. v. (1874) 81 The productions of the sculptor and the lapidary.
†b. One who is skilled in the nature and kinds of gems or precious stones; a connoisseur of lapidary work. Obs.
c1440Gesta Rom. xxiv. 89 (Harl. MS.) He went to a lapadary, that was expert in the vertue of stonys. 1577Stanyhurst Descr. Irel. Ep. Ded. in Holinshed, If it shall stand with your honor his pleasure (whom I take to be an expert lapidarie). 1639G. Daniel Ecclus. xxxii. 14 The bright Carbuncle (whose wondrous flame Pussles the skillfull Lapidare to Name). a1658Cleveland Gen. Poems (1677) 166 The Lapidary tells you how the Compassionate Turcoise confesseth the Sickness of his Wearer by changing colour. 1750tr. Leonardus' Mirr. Stones 145 (225), I find twelve species of the emerald described by lapidaries. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 361 This name [Pudding stone] was invented by English Lapidaries.
2. A treatise on (precious) stones. Obs. exc. Hist.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Margaret 2 Qwa wil þe vertu wyt of stanis In þe lapidar ma fynd ane is [etc.]. c1384Chaucer H. Fame iii. 262 The fynest stones faire That men reden in the lapidaire. c1440Lydg. Secrees 539, I dar seyn breffly, and nat tarye, Is noon suych stoon ffound in the lapydarye. 1652Ashmole Theat. Chem. 221 Alle Stonys in the lapidery. 1884Symonds Shaks. Predecessors xiii. 512 The Bestiaries and Lapidaries of the Middle Ages.
†3. collect. [after ns. in -ery.] Precious stones in general; jewellery. Obs.
1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 43 There is no..Carbuncle, Rubie,..Nor other lapidary comparable to me. 1609R. Armin Maids of More-Cl. F 4 A iewell..Whose liuing beauty staind all lapidary.
4. attrib., as lapidary('s-mill, -wheel, the grinding and polishing apparatus of the lapidary.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 738 The lapidary's mill, or wheel. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Lapidary-mill, Lapidary-wheel. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 58 As though they [the crystals] had just been polished at the lapidary's wheel. |