| 释义 |
▪ I. launder, n.|ˈlɔːndə(r), ˈlɑːndə(r)|
Forms: 4– lander, 4 Sc. landar, laynder, 5–7 la(u)ndre, law(e)nder(e, 5– launder.
[Contraction of lavender n.1]
†1. A person (of either sex) who washes linen. Obs.
a1350St. Brice 71 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 156 A woman þat his lander was. 1375Barbour Bruce xvi. 273 It is ane landar..That hir childyne richt now hass tane. c1440Promp. Parv. 290/1 Lawndere, lotor, lotrix. 1477Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 79 As Laundres witness evidently, When of Ashes thei make their Lye. a1530Heywood Play Weather (Brandl) 894 She wolde banyshe the sonne And then were we pore launders all vndonne. 1573Tusser Husb. lxxxiii. (1878) 173 In washing by hand, haue an eie to thy boll, for launders and millers, be quick of their toll. 1584Cogan Haven Health (1636) 28 Amylum is taken to be starch, the use whereof is best knowne to Launders. a1603T. Cartwright Confut. Rhem. N.T. (1618) 31 How small things they be, that these cunning Launders can with so small cost make white.
2. a. A trough for water, either cut in the earth, or formed of wood; esp. in Mining, a trough for washing the ore clean from dirt. b. A rain-water gutter. †c. A tube made out of a hollow tree (obs.).
1667Primatt City & C. Build. 8 The water brought to the top of the wheel, in landers or troughs which cast the same into Buckets made in the wheel. 1671Phil. Trans. VI. 2108 The Launder (i.e. a trench cut in the floor, 8 foot long, and 10 foot over) stopt at the other end with a turf, so that the waters run away, and the Ore sinks to the bottom. 1734Desaguliers Ibid. XXXIX. 48 This centrifugal Wheel can in a little Time drive down Air through wooden Trunks (or Launders) of seven Inches bore. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Dressing, The launder..fills up with the dressed ore. 1865Crt. Com. Pleas 10 July, A lander or trough..had been constructed to carry water to his works across the defendant's land. 1884West. Morn. News 9 Aug. 1/4 Lot of Launders, 14 buddles. 1891Blizzard of 1891 25 Icicles hung inches long from windowsills and launders of the houses.
d. Metallurgy. A channel for conveying molten metal from a furnace or container to a ladle or mould.
1900Kynoch Jrnl. Oct.–Nov. 20/1 The tapping hole is now cut through the bottom of the furnace, and a wrought iron channel—technically called a lander—fastened round it. 1906W. Macfarlane Princ. & Pract. Iron & Steel Manuf. x. 110 The Shoot or Launder, along which the steel and slag are conveyed from the taphole to the ladle, is a half-round gutter made of steel plates. 1929W. Lister Pract. Steelmaking x. 78 With all fixed furnaces the lander is necessarily 10 ft. to 15 ft. long, and sometimes up to 20 ft. long. 1967P. McGeown Heat the Furnace x. 97 We had her running down the lander as the twelve o'clock hooter sounded. 1971W. K. V. Gale Iron & Steel Industry: Dict. Terms 195 The tapping spout of an open-hearth furnace is usually called a launder.
▪ II. launder, v.|ˈlɔːndə(r), ˈlɑːndə(r)|
Also 7 lander, laundre.
[f. launder n.]
1. a. trans. To wash and ‘get up’ (linen).
1664Butler Hud. ii. i. 171 It does your visage more adorn Than if 'twere prun'd, and starcht, and lander'd. 1818Scott Br. Lamm. xviii, The picture..is up in the old Baron's hall that the maids launder the clothes in. 1883G. W. Cable Dr. Sevier xvii, His dress was coarse but clean; his linen soft and badly laundered. 1890Century Mag. Oct. 933/1 White duck, which they were permitted to send outside to be laundered.
absol.1709Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. (ed. 2) I. 150 Some of their beggarly Soldiers Trulls does nothing but Launder for 'em, they'r always at the Wash-Tub.
transf. and fig.1597Shakes. Lover's Compl. 16 Laund'ring the silken figures in the brine, That seasoned woe had pelleted in teares. 1654[see lather v. 1]. 1878Swinburne Poems & Ball. Ser. ii. 223 (tr. Villon) The rain has washed and laundered us all five.
b. To transfer funds of dubious or illegal origin, usu. to a foreign country, and then later to recover them from what seem to be ‘clean’ (i.e. legitimate) sources. Also transf.
The use arose from the Watergate inquiry in the United States in 1973–4.
1973Guardian 19 Apr. 14/2 Suitcases stuffed with 200,000 dollars of Republican campaign funds; money being ‘laundered’ in Mexico. 1973Publishers Weekly 17 Sept. 54/2 A New York lawyer carrying $200,000 in his camera case to be ‘laundered’ in Switzerland. 1973J. M. White Garden Game 128 Phoenix is a city where the Mafia is well entrenched; its booming real-estate, building and service industries are ready-made havens for ‘laundering’ the extortion and gambling money from Nevada and California. 1974Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Apr. 1 (headline) Kerr concedes U.S. criminals ‘launder’ money in Ontario.
†2. To ‘sweat’ (gold or plate). Obs.
1610B. Jonson Alch. i. i, I'll bring..Thy necke within a nooze, for laundring gold and barbing it.
3. intr. Of a fabric: to admit of being laundered; to bear laundering without damage to its texture, colour, etc. Used with adverbs.
1908Sears, Roebuck Catal. 916 It will launder as well as a piece of linen. 1909Daily Chron. 22 July 7/5 A single initial..done in satin stitch..is showy, quickly worked and launders well. 1923Daily Mail 19 Feb. 1 (Advt.), This hard wearing fabric, which launders perfectly, can be obtained. 1951Good Housek. Home Encycl. 252/1 Most silks launder well.
Hence ˈlaundered ppl. a.
1892Daily News 31 Mar. 5/5 Ravachol..is rather a dandy, and affects nicely-laundered shirts. 1893K. D. Wiggin Cathedral Courtship 151 A freshly laundered cushion cover.
Sense 1 b in Dict. becomes 1 c. Add: [1.] b. fig. To treat or process (something) so as to make it acceptable; to make expedient (and often unscrupulous) alterations or improvements to; spec. to lower (a mileometer reading) when selling a second-hand car.
a1961H. R. Warfel in Webster s.v., Succeeded pretty well in laundering the grammar. 1976N.Y. Times 3 May 35/7 Unscrupulous dealers..‘launder’ the mileage of cars. 1978Radio Times 28 Jan. 15/4 Its followers believe the working class has been bamboozled out of its legitimate rights by a capitalist conspiracy that ‘appropriated’ trade unionism and socialism, then ‘laundered’ and returned them as harmless institutions. 1981H. Rawson Dict. Euphemisms (1983) 163 When dealers in used..cars turn back odometers..it is correct to say that the mileage on the vehicles has been laundered. 1985Toronto Sun 10 Oct. 12/2 There is nothing we can do to launder the rhetoric of Soviet leaders. 1991N. Mailer Harlot's Ghost ii. iv. 290 He had also managed to expunge any paper trace of Herrick Hubbard's presence in the Snake Pit... My immediate past had been effectively laundered. |