| 释义 |
▪ I. laureate, a. and n.|ˈlɔːrɪət|
Also 4–5 lauriat, 5–6 lawreat, 5–7 lawriat(e, 4–9 laureat.
[ad. L. laureāt-us crowned with laurel, f. laurea laurel-tree, laurel crown, fem. of laureus made of laurel, f. laur-us: see laurel.]
A. adj.
1. a. Crowned with laurel, wearing a laurel crown or wreath (as a symbol of distinction or eminence).
1616Bullokar, Laureate, crowned with Laurell. a1618Sylvester Du Bartas (Grosart) I. 9 These laureat Temples which the Laurel grace. 1637Milton Lycidas 151 To strew the Laureat Herse where Lycid lies. 1742Collins Ode Simplicity 33 While Rome could none esteem But Virtue's Patriot Theme, You lov'd her Hills, and led her Laureat Band. 1818Byron Ch. Har. iv. lvii, The crown Which Petrarch's laureate brow supremely wore. 1864J. Evans Coins Anc. Brit. 38 The laureate head of Apollo.
b. Of a crown, wreath: Consisting of laurel, or imitating one composed of laurel (blending with the attributive use of the n.). Hence (poet.) laureate shade.
1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy Prol. (1513) A ij, The palme laureat Whiche yt they wan by knygthode in theyr dayes. 1483Caxton Gold Leg. 243/1 He..sawe..saynt domynyk crowned with a crowne of gold laureate. 1597Pilgr. Parnass. i. 51 There may youre templs be adornd with bays..There may you sit in softe greene lauriate shade. 1628Wither Brit. Rememb. iv. 1794 The Lawreat Wreath. 1655H. Vaughan Silex Scint. Pref., That is the βραβεῖον, and Laureate Crown, which idle Poems will..bring to their unrelenting Authors. 1744Akenside Pleas. Imag. i. 54 Unfading flowers Cull'd from the laureate vale's profound recess, Where never poet gain'd a wreath before. 1769Gray Ode for Music vii, To grace thy youthful brow The laureate wreath, that Cecil wore, she brings.
†c. laureate letters [tr. L. litteræ laureatæ], a letter or dispatch announcing a victory. Obs.
1508Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 28 Thow fall doun att the roist, My laureat lettres at the and I lowis. 1533Bellenden Livy v. (1822) 442 Come laureat letteris fra Posthumius, schawing all this victorie as it was fallin to Romanis. a1656Ussher Ann. vi. (1658) 549 Lucullus dispatched his letters laureat to the Senate.
2. With a n. denoting an agent or the like: Worthy of special distinction or honour, pre-eminent in the (indicated) sphere or faculty.
The adj. often followed the n., in imitation of Latin order.
a. gen. ? Obs.
1508Dunbar Ballad Ld. Barnard Stewart 4 Most valyeand, most laureat hie wictour. 1508Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 524 Judas, iow, iuglour, Lollard laureate. c1590Marlowe Faust. iii. 32 No, Faustus, Thou art conjuror laureat, That canst command great Mephistophilis.
b. spec. Distinguished for excellence as a poet, worthy of the Muses' crown. poet laureate: in early use, a title given generally to eminent poets, and sometimes conferred by certain universities; in mod. use, the title given to a poet who receives a stipend as an officer of the Royal Household, his duty being to write court-odes, etc.
The first poet laureate in the modern sense was Ben Jonson, but the title seems to have been first officially given to his successor, Davenant (appointed 1638).
c1386Chaucer Clerk's Prol. 31 Fraunceys Petrak the lauriat poete. c1400Lydg. æsop's Fab. Prol. 8 This poyet laureate Callyd Ysopos. 1423Jas. I. Kingis Q. cxcvii, Gowere and chaucere..Superlatiue as poetis laureate. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 13 That nowble and laureate poete callede Homerus. [1486in Rymer Fœdera XII. 317 Cum Nos..concesserimus Bernardo Andreæ Poetæ Laureato quandam Annuitatem Decem Marcarum.] 1490(title) The Dylectable Newesse..of the Gloryous Victorye of the Rhodyans agaynst the Turkes. Translated from the Latin of G. Caoursin by Johan Kaye (Poete Lawreate). 1508Dunbar Gold. Targe 262 O morall Gower, and Ludgate laureate. a1529Skelton Agst. Garnesche iv. 84 At Oxforth, the vniversyte, Auaunsid I was to that degre; By hole consent of theyr senate, I was made poete lawreate. 1586W. Webbe Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 19 The famous and learned Lawreat Masters of Englande. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. Wks. 1851 III. 272 The laureat fraternity of Poets. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 275 Robert Whittington..was a great Grammarian, Poet laureat of Oxford, and Protovates Angliae. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. II. 255 Sir Will. D'avenant, sometimes Laureat Poet to the said King. 1697Verdicts Virg. & Homer vi. 26 Our Laureat Poet tells us, that [etc.]. 1738Johnson London 198 The laureat tribe in venal verse relate, How virtue wars with persecuting fate. 1843Dyce Skelton's Wks. I. p. xv, There would..be no doubt that Skelton was..poet laureat or court poet to Henry the Eighth, if [etc.].
3. transf. of things: Worthy of the laurel-wreath; deserving to be honoured for eloquence, etc. In later use also: Of or pertaining to poets, or to a poet laureate.
1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 32 With goldin toung and lippis laureat. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus iii. 13 Luifsum Ladies, of langage Laureat. c1595J. Dickenson Sheph. Compl. (1878) 13 O how diuinely would the swaine haue sung In Laureate lines of beauteous Ladies praise. 1598Marston Pygmal., Author's Praise 136 Come, Come, Augustus, crowne my laureat quill. 1815L. Hunt Feast Poets 18 The fancies that flow'd at this laureat meeting. 1821Byron Juan iii. lxxx, There was no doubt he earn'd his laureate pension. 1847Grote Greece (1862) III. xliii. 556 The laureat strains of Pindar.
B. n.
1. a. = poet laureate (see A. 2 b).
a1529Skelton Calliope Wks. (ed. Dyce) I. 197 Calliope..Whiche gaue to me The high degre Laureat to be Of fame royall. 1597–8Bp. Hall Sat. i. ix. 2 Cupid hath crowned a new laureat. a1618Sylvester Epist. Wks. (Grosart) II. 337 O thou that art the Laureat's liberall Fautor!.. Guide thou, Apollo, this first course of mine. 1687M. Clifford Notes Dryden ii. 7 Our Laureat has not pass'd for so Learned a man as he desires his unlearned Admirers should esteem him. 1780Cowper Table T. 109 The courtly laureat pays His quit-rent ode, his pepper corn of praise. 1806T. S. Surr Winter in Lond. (ed. 3) III. 134, I really think the fire of the laureat, Pye, increases with his years. 1825Keble Occas. Papers (1877) 102 The panegyrical strains of this greatest of laureates [Spenser]. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. II. 20 Claudian..was the court laureate of the western empire till his patron's fall. 1884Chr. World 21 Aug. 629/1 Keble may be spoken of..as the laureate of the Church.
b. A court-panegyrist.
1863Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. xii. 305 He has indeed been their champion, their laureate, their brother, their friend. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. iv. 169 An author who was writing as the mere laureate of the Norman court. 1868Ibid. II. vii. 3 He is very distinctly not an historian, but a biographer, sometimes a laureate.
c. transf.
1816Byron Bards & Rev. (ed. 5) 21 Laureat of the long-ear'd kind! a1849H. Coleridge Ess. & Marginalia (1851) II. 9 Herrick was the laureate of flowers and perfumes. 1930R. Campbell Poems 12 He..demonstrates, this laureate of the pubs, That ‘all good poets have belonged to clubs’. 1941Scrutiny IX. 384 According to their view he [sc. Proust] is the laureate of a dying society. 1954G. W. Knight (title) Laureate of peace. On the genius of Alexander Pope.
d. Nobel laureate, one who has been awarded a Nobel prize.
1947Crowther & Whiddington Science at War 144 Professor W. N. Haworth of Birmingham, the famous organic chemist and Nobel laureate. 1965Listener 2 Sept. 329/2 Three great physiologists, all Nobel laureates. 1975Sci. Amer. May 53/2 (Advt.), Written by a Nobel Laureate in medicine, this is the first comprehensive treatment of DNA synthesis emphasizing its biochemical aspects and recent developments.
2. U.S. (See quot.) Cf. laureate v. 2 a.
1888Bryce Amer. Commw. III. vi. cii. 445 note, Mr. D. C. Gilman..mentions the following among the degree titles awarded in some institutions to women, the titles of Bachelor and Master being deemed inappropriate:—Laureate of Science, Proficient in Music, Maid of Philosophy.
3. Numism. = laurel n.1 4.
1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v. Coin, In England, the current species of gold are, the guinea, half-guinea, jacobus, laureat, angel, and rose-noble. Ibid., The Carolus or Laureat, 23s.
▪ II. laureate, v. Obs. exc. Hist.|ˈlɔːriːeɪt|
Pa. tense 7 (Sc.) laureat; pa. pple. 4–5 lauriat, 4–7 laureat(e, 5 lawriate, 6 lawreat.
[f. L. laureāt-us: see prec. and -ate3.]
1. trans. To crown with laurel in token of honour; to crown as victor, poet, or the like; to confer honourable distinction upon.
c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 706 To Rome agayn repaireth Iulius With his triumphe lauriat ful hye. 1430Lydg. St. Margaret 497 Of martirdam thus she toke the croun..Was laureat thurgh hir parfit suffraunce. 1430–40― Bochas iii. xv. (1554) 88 b, Thus in short time this prince in his estate On land and water was twise laureate. c1470Henryson Mor. Fab. viii. (Preach. Swallow) xxxix, Esope, that noble clerk, Ane poet wirthie to be lawriate. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1874) II. 17 By his reygne is all Englonde lawreat. c1510― Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) D j, Before the victorie no man is laureate, At ending thou shalt haue palme, victory and mede. 1581Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 60 Let vs rather plant more Laurels, for to engarland our Poets heads, (which honor of beeing laureat, as besides them, onely tryumphant Captaines weare, is [etc.]).
2. spec.
a. To graduate or confer a University degree upon.
b. To appoint (a poet) to the office of ‘Laureate’.
1637–50Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) 447 After he had past his course of philosophie, and wes laureat in St. Androes. 1662Ray Three Itin. ii. 157 Most of the students here..wear no gowns, till they be laureat as they call it—that is, commence. 1695Sibbald Autobiog. (1834) 129, I was a Basler and Magistrant under Mr. William Tweedy, who laureat me July 1659. 1715M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. 23 He [R. Whittington] supplicated the venerable Congregation of Regents..that he might be laureated. He was very solemnly crown'd, or his Temples adorn'd with a Wreath of Lawrel; that is, doctorated in the Arts of Grammar and Rhetorick. 1729Pope Of Poet Laureate Wks. 1886 X. 448 If Mr. Cibber be laureated. 1774Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry xxv. (1840) II. 332 About the year 1489, Skelton was laureated at Oxford, and in the year 1493, was permitted to wear his laurel at Cambridge. 1864Burton Scot Abr. I. v. 252 That old community of privileges which made the member of one university a citizen of all others,..whether he were laureated in Paris or Bologna, Upsala or St. Andrews. 1884J. Harrison Oure Tounis Colledge iii. 63 In Augst 1587 Rollock laureated his first class. |