| 释义 |
laxative, a. and n.|ˈlæksətɪv|
Also 4–6 laxatif, -yf(e, 6 laxitive.
[a. F. laxatif, -ive, ad. L. laxātīv-us, f. laxāre: see lax v. and -ative.]
A. adj. Having the property of relaxing.
1. Of medicines, food, etc.: Having the property of loosening and evacuating the bowels.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. cxii. (1495) 675 Some oyle..is laxatyf and nesshynge. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 184, I ne knewe no medicyn laxatif þat is so good. 1481Caxton Reynard xxxii. (Arb.) 90 He knewe..alle the herbes..whiche were viscose or laxatyf. 1547Boorde Brev. Health §110 Vse laxatiue meates..if nede do require. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. iii. Furies 646 Our Glysters laxative. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 185 Tortoises..excellent meat,..but are so laxative, they cause even Disenterias. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet i. 244 Tamarinds, Astringent, yet laxative to the lower Belly. 1789W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 293 Fomentations and laxative clysters are by no means to be omitted. 1809N. Pinkney Trav. France 222 Those countries are most healthy where, from an ordinary laxative diet, the body is always kept open. 1861Bentley Man. Bot. 579 Some [of the Compositæ] are laxative and anthelmintic.
2. Of the bowels, or the bodily constitution: Loose, subject to ‘flux’ or free discharge of the fæces. Of a disease: Characterized by such discharge. Now rare.
1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 34 Ye would..geue me a purgacion. But I am laxatiue inough. 1573Baret Alv. L 153 Letise is good to make one laxitiue or go to y⊇ stoole. 1608Middleton Fam. Love iii. iii, What a laxatiue fever shakes me. 1620Venner Via Recta v. 90 A very good medicinable meate, for such as are too laxatiue, and subiect to fluxes. 1635Brereton Trav. (Chetham Soc.) I. 130 My body was always..inclined to be laxative and soluble. 1708Brit. Apollo No. 38. 3/2 You seem prone to Excess, Whence this Laxative Ailing arises. 1722Quincy Lex. Phys.-Med. (ed. 2), Laxative, signifies loose in Body, so as to go frequently to stool. 1801Med. Jrnl. V. 261 Bowels laxative, tongue and skin healthy. 1822–54Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 194 If confined in youth, in advanced life they [the bowels] are often laxative.
b. transf. Unable to contain one's speech or emotions. ? Obs.
1601B. Jonson Poetaster Apol. Dial., Fellowes of practis'd and most laxatiue tongues. 1607W. S. Puritan iii. F 2, I am of such a laxatiue laughter, that if the Deuill him selfe stood by, I should laugh in his face. 1622T. Scott Belg. Pismire Pref. 2 My owne Countri-men haue tongues laxatiue enough, and Strangers are in their wordes..libertines. a1639W. Whately Prototypes i. vi. (1640) 85 This sinne proceedeth from a twattling laxative humour causing that a man must vent all he knows and be talking of many things.
3. Having a loosing power, affording remission or relief. rare.
1645Milton Tetrach. Wks. 1851 IV. 216 A law giving permissions laxative to unmarry a wife and marry a lust. 1649― Eikon. xiv. 138 The simpler sort he furnishes with laxative, hee termes them general clauses, which may serve to releeve them against the Covnant tak'n.
B. n.
1. A laxative medicine; ‘a slightly purgative medicine which simply unloads the bowels’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1898 Hym gayneth neither for to gete his lif, Vomyt vpward ne dounward laxatif. ― Nun's Pr. T. 142 Er ye take youre laxatyues, Of lawriol, Centaure, and ffumetere. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 333 Whanne his body is maad clene wiþ laxatiuis. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy i. iii, And made him [sc. Cerberus] voide his venym in ye strife And upwarde gaue hym suche a laxatyfe That all the worlde his brethe contagyous Infected hath. 1572L. Mascall Plant. & Graff. (1592) 57 The iuyce of Elder,..of Turbith, or such like laxitiues. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 154 Thou maist also give the partie some laxative. 1726Swift Gulliver iii. vi. 83 Lenitives, Aperitives,..Laxatives. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 37 If the bowels be confined, we must employ cooling laxatives. 1874R. Hooper's Physic. Vade M. i. v. (ed. 9) 230 Brown bread often proves an effectual laxative.
†2. ? Relaxed condition of the bowels, ‘flux’. Obs. rare.
c1430Lydg. Reason & Sens. 3439 The drynke..Which the mynystres of babel Maden..And gaf hyt to kyng Sedechye Wher thorgh he had a laxatyf That he shortly lost hys lyf. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxxiii. 140 He cowth gif cure for laxatyve. 1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters A ij b, Who so drynke the same [walwort] water at eche tyme ii ounces or two ounces and a halfe causeth laxatyfe. |