| 释义 |
leakage|ˈliːkɪdʒ|
Also 5–7 lecage, 6 lekkege, 8 leekage.
[f. leak v. + -age. Cf. Du. lekkage.]
1. The action of leaking; admission or escape of water or other fluid through a hole in a vessel, etc.; loss of fluid by this means.
1490in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 112 Alle maner auenturs fortunes perilles and ioperdies of alle the sayd wynes, lecage forst and egirnesse of the same oonly exepte. 1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 195 Allowances made..vpon Wines in regarde of lecage of tenne or fifteene vpon the hundreth. 1633T. James Voy. 45, I would take no excuse of leakage or other waste. 1739C. Labelye Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 34 By the Help of only four Pumps..we easily master'd what Leakage we had. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. x. 241 Jars..are liable to no leekage, unless they are broken. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 198 We have seen an engine of an eight-horse power of this kind at work, with a fluid metal on the pistons: it effectually prevented the leakage. 1861T. L. Peacock Gryll Gr. xix. 161 The sub⁓soil of London..converted by gas leakage into one mass of pestilent blackness. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 509 A form of secretion, or..leakage, from mucous membranes.
2. a. transf. and fig. Diminution resulting from gradual waste or escape; improper or deliberate disclosure of information from an office, etc.; unexplained continuous disappearance of something.
1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. Pref. §7, I will stop the leakage of my soul, and what heretofore hath run out in writing, shall hereafter..be improved in constant preaching. 1673Bp. S. Parker Reproof Reh. Transpr. 11 They..weaken themselves by too great a leakage of their power. 1859‘T. Titcomb’ Titcomb's Lett. (ed. 12) ii. 185 It is entirely rational and right that your wife should understand the basis of all your requirements of her; and when she does this, the chances are that she will not only be economical herself, but will point out leakages in your prosperity for which you are responsible. 1863Kinglake Crimea I. 452 The Cabinet of Lord Aberdeen was not famous for its power of preventing the leakage of state matters. 1880E. W. Hamilton Diary 30 Nov. (1972) I. 83 There have of late curiously been some leakages. My own belief is that men like Chamberlain and Forster..are most unguarded in their language outside. 1890Daily News 17 Oct. 7/2 It was discovered that there was a ‘leakage’ in the stamp transfer forms. 1893Sir R. Ball Story of Sun 270 The leakage of heat is..slow. 1894Westm. Gaz. 19 Sept. 3/3 That leakage from the faith which is taking place among the poor Catholics. 1895Month May 115 The ‘leakage’ going on in the Catholic Church in the British Isles. 1898Daily News 17 Feb. 2/7 The prizes..for three best essays on the cause of the leakage in the membership of the Methodist Church,..have been awarded. 1898Ibid. 20 Oct. 6/5 Some extracts..have found their way into the pages of the ‘New York Critic’... I am unable..to account for this leakage. 1900Speaker 22 Sept. 668/1 The frightful leakage from deaths, wounds and sickness. 1900Edin. Rev. July 81 The tide of emigration has been stayed..the leakage is diminishing. 1904A. B. F. Young Compl. Motorist 347/2 Leakage of small moneys, during travel. 1908H. G. Wells War in Air i. 25 Mr. K. Butteridge..intended to keep his secret safe from any further risk of leakage. 1945E. Waugh Brideshead Revisited 10 Our new commanding officer was making an unusual display of ‘security’... ‘If I find any of these female camp followers waiting for us the other end, I'll know there's been a leakage.’ 1972Times 30 Sept. 1/1 The [Franks] committee proposes an Official Information Act to cover leakage of information which would seriously injure the national interest. 1973A. Christie Postern of Fate iii. xvii. 248 There were leakages—as always there are leakages in time of war.
b. Electr. A gradual escape of charge or current, esp. as a result of imperfect insulation. Also, in Magnetism, an escape of flux from a magnetic circuit or device; flux which does not pass through the secondary of a transformer or induction coil, or through the armature of a motor or generator.
1863R. S. Culley Handbk. Pract. Telegr. iv. 59 On a long line the leakage from wire to wire through damp air cannot be altogether without effect. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 586/2 Since no substance is impermeable to the passage of magnetic flux, the only form of magnetic circuit free from leakage is one uniformly wound..over its whole length. 1922Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics II. 190/1 Allowance must be made for flux which leaks across the intervening space between the poles and does not actually enter the armature, and a magnetic circuit has to be designed so as to keep this leakage as small as possible. 1962Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 229/1 Danger from leakage may be prevented on metal pole lines by a continuous earth wire connected to the poles. 1962D. F. Shaw Introd. Electronics i. 7 If the coil is long enough for the solenoid formula to apply there will be a considerable leakage of flux between the turns.
3. concr.
a. That which leaks or oozes out. Also fig.
a1661Fuller Worthies Hampsh. ii. (1662) 13, I behold these his Books as the Receptacle of the Leakage and Superfluities of his Study. 1793Smeaton Edystone §313 A very small leakage came in. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk., Stage Coach (1865) 234 The privilege of battening on the drippings of the kitchen and the leakage of the tap-room.
†b. A leak. Obs. rare.
1776G. Semple Building in Water 102 Get the Water..taken out, corking any Leakages that may happen to appear.
4. Allowance made for waste of fluid by leakage from the containing vessels.
1591Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1860) II. 108, 40s. for freght, 40s. for impost, the lekkege in myne owne hand, by estimation, 26s. 1735Connect. Col. Rec. (1873) VII. 563 The said retailer..will pay to the said commissioner the duty laid thereon by the excise act, substracting only one fifth part thereof for leakage and wastage. 1809R. Langford Introd. Trade 132 Leakage, allowance of duty for waste of liquor from the vessels leaking or other causes. 1861Smiles Engineers II. 196 The lightermen claimed as their right the perquisites of ‘wastage’ and ‘leakage’.
5. attrib., as (sense 2 b) leakage current, leakage flux, leakage path; also leakage conductance Electr. = leakance; leakage detector, (a) = leak detector (s.v. leak n. 3); (b) = leakage indicator; leakage indicator Electr. Engin., any device for indicating or measuring leakage currents flowing to earth.
1887Electrician 3 June 80/2 The attenuation factor is now ε-R/2Lν.ε-K/2Sν, if K be the leakage conductance, and S the permittance per unit length.
1880Jrnl. Soc. Telegr. Engin. IX. 456 The additional term (v/i)dx is the leakage current of dx, viz., the potential of dx divided by its insulation resistance. 1962J. Bell in G. A. T. Burdett Automatic Control Handbk. iv. 3 The insulation to earth must be maintained in the megohms region otherwise the inaccuracy due to leakage currents will be significant.
1880English Mechanic Oct. 107/3 Cowan's meters, and Mr. Young's..leakage-detector are prominent exhibits [at the Exhibition of Gas and Electrical Apparatus]. 1901Catal. Mech. Engin. Collection Sci. Div. V. & A. Mus. (ed. 3) I. 220 Leakage detector... This is an instrument for rendering audible the slight sound made by water flowing in a pipe, so that if the noise continues, after certain valves are closed, the existence of a leak is indicated. 1923Meares & Neale Electr. Engin. Pract. (ed. 4) I. xv. 499 In the Howard leakage detector a current transformer is connected in the earthing wire of, say, a switchboard frame, and the secondary of the current transformer is connected to a tripping relay. 1971Instruments & Exper. Techniques XIV. 830 The leakage detector operates in stable fashion when the pickup is situated in a high vacuum.
1896F. Bedell Princ. Transformer xv. 302 The leakage flux varies inversely as the reluctance of the leakage path. 1962Corson & Lorrain Introd. Electromagn. Fields vii. 291 Let us consider a toroid of magnetic material with a localized winding... The leakage flux, that is, the flux of B which leaves the core, produces poles on the surface..and these poles contribute an intensity H within the iron.
1920Whittaker's Electr. Engineer's Pocket-Bk. (ed. 4) 276 The function of a leakage indicator is to provide information as to the insulation resistance of the whole of the electrical system..to which it is connected. 1958J. L. Watts Electr. Maintenance & Repairs iii. 43 Where the supply is obtained from a three-wire d.c. system with earthed mid⁓point, a suitable differential ammeter connected across shunts in the positive and negative mains will serve as a leakage indicator.
1896Leakage path [see leakage flux above]. 1909Installation News III. 64/1 The leakage path to the conduit or earth is now very greatly reduced. 1962Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 437/1 It is usual to assume that those parts of a leakage path lying in ferro⁓magnetic material will require a negligible proportion of the coil m.m.f.
Add:[1.] Also, the passage of radiation, flux, or the like through an intended barrier.
1928Science 23 Nov. 516/2 The leakage of helium through Pyrex glass at elevated temperatures has been noted by various observers. 1938S.A.E. Jrnl. May 36/1 Another method of magnetic testing..involves the use of Magnaflux in which the parts to be inspected are first longitudinally or circularly magnetized... When properly magnetized, defects result in local flux leakage. Magnaflux powder, being of high magnetic permeability..adheres along the lines of flux leakage. 1958O. R. Frisch Nucl. Handbk. xvi. 32 Certain types of magnet have leakage factors which vary within fairly narrow limits. 1987Which? July 302/1 We check all ovens we test for microwave leakage and have never found one which failed the current British Standard requirements. |