| 释义 |
learned, ppl. a.|ˈlɜːnɪd|
[f. learn v. + ed1.]
†1. In distinctly participial sense. Obs. rare.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. v. 121 This mone also, by rather lerned reson [L. ea ratione qua dictum est] To sette and graffe in places temporate Pomgarnat is. a1586Sidney Arcadia i. (1633) 25 The error committed..becomes a sharpely learned experience. 1714Tickell Fragm. Hunting in Steele Poet. Misc. 179 [A hound] True to the Master's Voice, and learned Horn.
2. a. Of a person: In early use, that has been taught; instructed, educated. In later use with narrowed sense: Having profound knowledge gained by study, esp. in language or some department of literary or historical science; deeply-read, erudite. Const. in, † of. (Superseding the earlier lered.)
learned society: a society formed for the prosecution of some branch of learning or science.
c1340Cursor M. 10416 (Laud) This lady was of muche price lovid and lernyd [older texts lered] ware and wyse. 1382Wyclif Acts vii. 22 And Moyses was lernd [1388 lerned] in al the wysdom of Egipcians. c1400Destr. Troy 3940 Eneas..was..of litterure & langage lurnyt ynoghe. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 48 The byshoppe of Wynchester, with dyvers other byshoppes & lernede men. 1639Fuller Holy War iii. xxix. (1840) 170 He was very learned..especially for a prince, who only baiteth at learning. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 1 A Learn'd Society of late..Agree'd..To search the Moon by her own light. 1698J. Keill Exam. Theory Earth (1734) 312 That very Learned Friend of his..has given the World reason enough to suspect him. 1712Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) III. 488 He was learned in the British tongue. 1772Junius Lett. lxviii. 335 Learned..you are, and quick in apprehension. 1791–1823D'Israeli Cur. Lit. (1866) 319/2 He is a ‘learned’ man who has embraced most knowledge on the particular subject of his investigation. 1798Phil. Mag. June 95 (title) Intelligence. Learned Societies. 1810Scott Biog. Notices Prose Wks. (1870) II. 202 That dreaded phenomenon, a learned lady. 1823― One Volume more, John Pinkerton next, and I'm truly concern'd..I can't call that worthy so candid as learn'd. 1847Tennyson Princess vii. 299 Not learned, save in gracious household ways. 1863Hawthorne Our Old Home iv. 136 This bewildered enthusiast had recognized a depth in the man whom she decried, which scholars, critics, and learned societies, devoted to the elucidation of his unrivaled scenes, had never imagined to exist there. 1871C. Davies Metr. Syst. ii. 40 A system..made..by a committee of learned professors. 1897W. James Will to Believe 306 All our learned societies have begun in some such modest way. 1898H. Calderwood Hume vi. 85 The learned circles of Paris. 1958Observer 13 July 3/7 The battle of the learned societies with the Inland Revenue. 1973LSA Bull. Mar. 28 He defined a learned society as one which publishes a journal and holds an annual meeting; a professional society as one which is involved in matters of concern to its members.
b. absol. Chiefly in pl. the learned = ‘men of learning’, ‘the literati’.
a1568R. Ascham Scholem. (Arb.) 45 This, lewde and learned, by common experience, know. 1591Spenser Teares Muses 216 Each idle wit..doth the Learneds taske upon him take. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. 768 Sundry ceremonies, which I leaue to the learned in Christian antiquities. 1673Dryden Prol. (Silent Woman) to Univ. Oxford 24 The learned in schools..Studies with care the anatomy of man. 1736Bolingbroke Study & Use Hist. v. (1777) 122 Let us leave the credulous learned to write history without materials. 1817Scott Search after Happiness vi, E'en let the learn'd go search, and tell me if I'm wrong. 1879J. Grant in Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 284/2 His paper on optics speedily drew upon him the attention of all the learned in Europe.
c. Inflected in compar. and superl. Now arch.
1562Turner Herbal ii. 43 The hop bushe is called..of y⊇ Barbarus writers humulus, of the later learneder writer lupulus. 1575–85Abp. Sandys Serm. xiv. 249 With all the learnedst of latter times. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. ii. 35 Canacee..was the learned ladie in her dayes. a1619M. Fotherby Atheom. Pref. (1622) 22 Diuers of my learnedest and best affected Friends. 1627Bp. Hall Passion Serm. Wks. 425, I leaue it modestly in the middest; let the learneder iudge. 1646S. Bolton Arraignm. Err. 101 The learnedst men..may be deceivers. 1648Milton Tenure Kings (1650) 51 Among our own Divines two of the lernedest. 1661Boyle Spring of Air Pref. (1682) 6 For more learneder men than I [etc.]. 1693W. Freke Sel. Ess. xxxiv. 224, I may make myself learneder by reading. 1822Hazlitt Table-t. Ser. ii. x. (1869) 204 A lady had objected to my use of the word learneder, as bad grammar. 1824Lamb Let. to Coleridge Lett. (1837) II. 164 Testimony that had been disputed by learneder clerks than I. 1870Emerson Soc. & Solit., Success Wks. (Bohn) III. 120 The gravest and learnedest courts in this country shudder to face a new question.
d. Said of one ‘learned in the law’; hence applied by way of courtesy to any member of the legal profession.
c1485Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 48 Yt is thought by the forsayd lernedmen, that [etc.]. 1524Hen. VIII in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 220 Our welbiloued subgiet Edward Mountegue, lernedman. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 167 You heare the learn'd Bellario what he writes. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 579 The learned Judges having given their opinion..there is nothing remaining for the consideration of the House.
¶e. transf. Of an animal trained to make a show of intelligence.
1784A. Seward Let. 29 Oct. in H. Pearson Swan of Lichfield (1936) 71 That amusing part of this conversation, which alluded to the learned Pig, and his demi-rational exhibitions, I shall transmit to you hereafter. 1785W. Cowper Let. 22 Apr. in Corr. (1904) II. 314, I have a competitor for fame..in the Learned Pig. 1833Marryat P. Simple ix, There was also the learned pig..and a hundred other sights. 1837S. Lover Rory O'More xvi. (1897) 128 Here is the wondherful larned pig that knows the five quarters o' the world, and more. 1919Conrad Let. 25 Jan. in G. Jean-Aubry J. Conrad: Life & Lett. (1927) II. 216 If the Alliances had been differently combined the Western Powers would have delivered Poland to the German learned pig.
3. a. Of things: Pertaining to, manifesting, or characterized by, profound knowledge gained by study.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 10, I will not dispute this question..A learned ignorance shall better content me. 1625Bacon Ess., Atheism (Arb.) 337 Learned Times. 1632Milton L'Allegro 132 Then to the well-trod stage anon, If Jonson's learned Sock be on. 1651Fuller Abel Rediv., Perkins (1867) II. 148 The scholar could hear no learneder..sermons. 1763Dodsley Pref. to Shenstone's Wks., The father resolved to give him a learned education. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 455 A treatise of tenures by a learned hand. 1823Lamb Elia Ser. ii. Tombs in Abbey, Your learned fondness for the architecture of your ancestors. 1824Ibid., Capt. Jackson, The anecdote..diffused a learned air through the apartment. 1837Whewell Hist. Induct. Sci. (1857) I. 379 The Ancients..were wanting in Learned Ignorance. 1874Deutsch Rem. 264 A learned and lucid paper in the current Edinburgh Review.
b. In art-criticism often applied to draughtsmanship, colouring, etc., with the sense: Exhibiting thorough knowledge of method.
a1830Hazlitt Fine Arts (1873) 231 The drawing of N. Poussin..is merely learned and anatomical.
c. Of a language, profession, or science: Pursued or studied chiefly by men of learning. Of the words in a language: Introduced by men of learning. Of plants: Known only from books (rare).
1581Mulcaster Positions xli. (1887) 235 The three learned toungues, the latin, the greeke, the hebrew. 1623Lisle ælfric on O. & N. Test. Pref. (1638) 2 He knew moreover the learneder tongues and arts as well as they. 1696Whiston Theory Earth ii. (1722) 139 The learned Sciences seem to have been anciently much better known. 1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. Introd. 4 These learned plants however must be found in nature. 1824L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 160 The English tongue is, in many respects, materially different from the learned languages. 1850A. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 162 Students in the learned professions at Rome. 1869Kitchin Brachet's Hist. Fr. Gram. Introd. 32 Words of very different origin,..the one popular, the other learned. Ibid. 39 This influx of learned words increases throughout the fifteenth century.
d. Of publications: devoted to (esp. some branch of) scholarship.
1883E. B. Bax tr. Kant's Prolegomena & Metaphysical Found. Nat. Sci. 128 There is a good deal to be done before a learned journal..can maintain its otherwise well-merited reputation, in the field of metaphysics as elsewhere. 1942Amer. Speech XVII. 3 Since he [sc. the writer of detective stories] introduces characters from all walks of life, and since he usually avoids the more formal style, he is a better informant than..the writers for the learned journals. 1951Auden Nones (1952) 61 Lone scholars, sniping from the walls Of learned periodicals, Our fact defend. 1954E. E. Evans-Pritchard Inst. Primitive Soc. p. v, Monographs about primitive peoples and innumerable papers devoted to them in learned journals. 1961A. Wilson Old Men at Zoo i. 50 Subscriptions to learned periodicals. 1969M. Pugh Last Place Left xxii. 167 So you've just met him. And the rest you know..from the learned journals.
Hence † ˈlearnedish a., learned-like.
a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 250 Some write in Hebrew..T' avoid the Critic..And seem more learnedish, than [etc.]. |