| 释义 |
xero-|ˈzɪərəʊ|
before a vowel xer-, repr. Gr. ξηρο-, ξηρ-, combining form of ξηρός dry, occurring in several scientific and technical terms. ‖ xeroˈderma, -ˈdermia, Path. [mod.L., f. Gr. δέρµα skin], one of several diseases characterized by excessive dryness of the skin; hence xeroderˈmatic, -ˈdermatous, -ˈdermic adjs., pertaining to or characteristic of xeroderma. xeroderma pigmentosum Path. [L. pigmentōsus pigmented], a rare, hereditary disorder in which skin exposed to the ultraviolet light of the sun becomes discoloured and swollen, chronic injury leading in childhood to cancer and often death. ˈxeroform Med. [after chloroform]: see quot. ˈxeromorphy Bot. [Gr. µορϕή shape, form], the possession by a plant of features characteristic of a xerophilous plant; hence xeroˈmorphic a.; also ˈxeromorph, a xeromorphic plant. xeroˈphilic a. = xerophilous adj. xerophilous |-ˈɒfɪləs| a. Bot. and Zool. [Gr. -ϕιλος -loving], adapted to a dry climate or habitat, or to conditions of scanty available moisture; so xerophil(e |ˈzɪərəʊfɪl|, n. [ad. F. xérophile n. (J. Thurmann in Essai de phytostatique (1849) I. xiii. 268)], a xerophilous plant; also as adj.; xeˈrophily, the condition or character of being xerophilous. ˈxerophyte |-faɪt| Bot. [Gr. ϕυτόν plant], a xerophilous plant (see above); so xerophytic |-ˈfɪtɪk| a., pertaining to or having the character of a xerophyte, xerophilous; xeˈrophytism, xerophytic character, xerophily. ˈxerosere Ecol. [sere n.2], a plant succession having its origin in a dry habitat. ‖ xerostomia |-ˈstəʊmɪə| Path. [mod.L., f. Gr. στόµα mouth], dryness of the mouth from insufficient secretion of saliva. xeroˈthermic a. [Gr. θερµός hot], dry and hot.
1848Dunglison Med. Lex. (ed. 7), *Xeroderma, diminution of secretion of the sebaceous glands. 1864W. T. Fox Skin Dis. viii. 222 True xeroderma is in reality the early stage of ichthyosis, a true epithelial disease. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 786 [Lichen pilaris] is only a part of a general xeroderma.
1884Medico-Chir. Trans. LXVII. 169 (heading) Three cases of *xeroderma pigmentosum, Kaposi or atrophoderma pigmentosum. 1952C. P. Blacker Eugenics 248 Among these genes are those believed to determine retinitis pigmentosa, a severe disease of the eye leading to blindness; epidermolysis bullosa and xeroderma pigmentosum, both diseases of the skin. 1975Sci. Amer. Nov. 68/2 An inherited defect in the enzymes that repair DNA damaged by ultraviolet light, called xeroderma pigmentosum, leads to multiple skin cancers.
1913Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 7), *Xerodermatic.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 851 The skin is dry and thin but not *xerodermatous.
1891Cent. Dict., *Xerodermia, same as Xeroderma. 1899[see xerosis].
1890Retrospect Med. CII. 92 Minute white, gray, or red scaly *xerodermic prominences, having a hair in the centre.
1901Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 2), *Xeroform, a yellow neutral powder derived from tribromphenol and bismuth, (C6H2Br3O)2 BiOH + Bi2O3: useful in the treatment of wounds, abscesses, etc., and as an intestinal antiseptic.
1934Webster, *Xeromorph. 1953Sci. News XXVII. 10 The term ‘xerophyte’ is now limited to those plants able to endure conditions of drought, while salt-marsh plants are known as ‘xeromorphs’. 1981Austral. Jrnl. Bot. XXIX. 518 G[revillea] annulifera has the nutritional characteristics common to xeromorphs plus strategies to channel nutrients very efficiently to its seeds.
1909E. Warming Œcol. of Plants xlvi. 194 There must be a causal connexion between the soil and the *xeromorphic structure which has been described. 1938Weaver & Clements Plant Ecol. (ed. 2) xvi. 445 Xeromorphic structures such as thick cuticle, waxy covering, or abundant development of hairs have little value in directly reducing the rate of transpiration of xerophytes so long as the stomata are open. 1974Nature 26 Apr. 807/2 The Hybanthus shrubs conspicuous by their apparent lack of xeromorphic adaptation to a climate which becomes increasingly arid towards the continental interior.
1909E. Warming Œcol. of Plants xlvi. 194 This *xeromorphy of plants growing on wet moor-soil occurs all the world over. 1963Nature 30 Nov. 909/2 It is well known that xeromorphy is of physiological importance to the aquatic plants which exhibit it and certain tissues become altered in relation to environment. 1980Bot. Jrnl. Linnean Soc. LXXX. 319 Most of the variable characters are related to xeromorphy and are taxonomically useful within the framework of the present classification.
1878*Xerophile [see hygrophilous a.]. 1884Trans. Victoria Inst. 38 Xerophiles—plants such as pertain to very dry climates. 1921H. Printz Vegetation of Siberian-Mongolian Frontiers 14 At a short distance from the river..the xerophile typical steppe vegetation predominates. 1936Hereditas XXI. 290 Viola crassa is xerophile and alpine. 1985Times 4 Jan. 12/2 The site was then abandoned, a conclusion that Dr Evans bases on the high diversity of snail species and the general paucity of xerophile species.
1961Webster, *Xerophilic. 1965B. E. Freeman tr. Vandel's Biospeleology xiii. 213 The Tenebrionidae are mainly xerophilic insects. 1972Science 19 May 788/1 He is equally good when describing various kinds of vegetation, from the aquatic to the xerophilic.
1863J. G. Baker N. Yorksh. xxii. 316 The *Xerophilous and Maritime species [of mosses] are very few in number. 1893Athenæum 2 Dec. 774/3 A paper..by the Rev. G. Henslow ‘On the Origin of Plant Structures by Self-adaptation to the Environment, exemplified by Desert and Xerophilous Plants.’ 1968Jrnl. Zool. CLV. 365 Many xerophilous species occupying desert or semi-arid areas have adapted their breeding physiology to take advantage of the unpredictable and sporadic rainfall that may occur at any time.
1904Science 3 June 866/2 The causes of *xerophily in bog plants.
1897Willis Flower. Pl. & Ferns I. 178 In countries with long dry seasons [etc.].., the plants..agree in having a lower rate of transpiration than plants living where there is plenty of available water. Plants of this kind are termed *xerophytes. 1906G. Henslow in 19th Cent. Nov. 801 E[uphoriba] Paralias is a xerophyte with coriaceous leaves, because it has adapted itself to a maritime situation in England.
1897Willis Flower. Pl. & Ferns I. 185 No plants..can be regular epiphytes unless they possess well-marked *xerophytic characters, including as a rule the capacity for water⁓storage. 1900Nature 13 Dec. 150/1 Every one is aware how extremely intolerant of moisture are the cacti and some other xerophytic plants.
Ibid. 15 Nov. 53/2 The stomatal grooves on the lower surface of the leaf [of Lepidodendron] suggest a xerophytic adaptation. Indications of *xerophytism are afforded by other anatomical characters in certain Palæozoic types.
1926*Xerosere [see hydrosere s.v. hydro-]. 1952P. W. Richards Tropical Rain Forest xii. 287 Opportunities for observing xeroseres in the tropics are..not infrequent, particularly in regions of volcanic activity.
1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., *Xerostomia, dryness of the mouth. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 310 The salivary and buccal secretions may be totally arrested as in cases of xerostomia.
1904Bot. Gaz. Apr. 312 (Cent. D. Suppl.) Jerosch holds that an interglacial *xerothermic or steppe period has been proved by the facts of plant geography, paleontology, and geology. |