| 释义 |
lexeme Linguistics.|ˈlɛksiːm|
[f. lexicon + -eme. Cf. morpheme.]
A word-like grammatical form intermediate between morpheme and utterance, often identical with a word occurrence; a word in the most abstract sense, as a meaningful form without an assigned grammatical role; an item of vocabulary.
1940B. L. Whorf Lang., Thought, & Reality (1956) 160 C. F. Voegelin has accomplished the difficult and signal work of analyzing an immense number of baffling stem compounds of Shawnee into their component lexemes (stems) and other morphemes (formatives). 1946M. Swadesh in C. Osgood Ling. Struct. Native Amer. 319 Lexeme building is accomplished mainly by readaptation of lexemes, paradigmatic forms, or syntactic constructions to new uses without change of form. 1950Archivum Linguisticum II. 10 Discriminating between ‘word’ and ‘lexeme’. 1954S. Newman in H. Hoijer Lang. in Culture 87 It is taken for granted..that no English lexeme is a perfect semantic equivalent of a Zuni lexeme. 1958C. F. Hockett Course in Mod. Ling. xix. 171 The lexemes in the two-word sequence twenty-eighth are twenty, eight, and -th... Red-haired is two words; but it is a single minimum free form, since the ICs are red hair (free) and -ed (bound); and it is three lexemes, red, hair and -ed. Ibid. 174 The definition of lexeme follows unpublished work of Bernard Bloch. 1963Amer. Speech XXXVIII. 50 The meaning of actor, a minimum free form, is predictable from its structure, as is the meaning of wants, a lexeme. 1963J. Lyons Structural Semantics iii. 40 Certain lexemes and expressions are quickly learnt. 1964E. Palmer tr. Martinet's Elem. Gen. Ling. i. 25 A lexeme like travaill- is normally listed in the lexicon in the form travailler. 1968J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Ling. 197 The orthographic word cut represents three different inflexional ‘forms’ (i.e. three different grammatical words) of the lexeme cut. 1971G. Ansre in J. Spencer Eng. Lang. W. Afr. 156 If the phoneme is the minimal phonological unit and the morpheme is the minimal grammatical unit, then [the] lexeme will be the minimal lexical unit. 1971Archivum Linguisticum II. 48 The view has already been expressed that words are names (of lexical items) derived from the combination of roots (or lexemes) and affixes (or morphemes). Ibid. 50 The concept and term of ‘collocation’ has to be seen partly in relation to that of ‘root’ or ‘lexeme’. |