| 释义 |
▪ I. yawn, n.|jɔːn|
[f. yawn v.]
1. Something that yawns; a gaping opening or entrance; esp. a chasm, abyss.
1602Marston Antonio's Rev. iii. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 111 Now gapes the graves, and through their yawnes let loose Imprison'd spirits to revisit earth. 1755T. Amory Mem. (1766) II. 56 The billows that were all in wild uproar, and then came down into the dreadful yawn. 1820L. Hunt Indicator No. 22 (1822) I. 170 Trust not the tempting yawn of stable-yard or gateway. a1821Keats Hyperion i. 120 Spaces of fire, and all the yawn of hell. 1894Idler Sept. 134 The stubborn, wonderful old piece of timber-frame was picked out of the yawn of the hatch in splinters.
2. The or an act of yawning:
a. Gaping or opening wide.
1697Congreve Mourn. Bride ii. v, Sure, 'tis the Friendly Yawn of Death for me. 1705Addison Italy 248 And sometimes with a mighty Yawn, 'tis said, Opens a dismal Passage to the Dead.
b. Involuntary opening of the mouth, as from drowsiness.
1706E. Ward Wooden World Diss. (1708) 96 After..a few hearty Yawns, he crawls up upon Deck. 1712Steele Spect. No. 320 ⁋5 Our Salutation at Entrance is a Yawn and a Stretch. 1742Pope Dunc. iv. 343 She..heard thy everlasting yawn confess The Pains and Penalties of Idleness. 1875Tennyson Q. Mary i. iii, A life of nods and yawns.
c. transf. and in transf. contexts, denoting something that induces boredom; a tedious activity. colloq.
1889E. C. Dowson Let. 3 Feb. (1967) 32 My dear Moore. Here goes for my accustomed Sunday yawn to you! Thanks for your note. 1974D. Gray Dead Give Away ii. 24 To you it may be one big yawn, or the laugh of a life-time... But to me it's important. 1978G. A. Sheehan Running & Being viii. 102 For them the Super Bowl is three hours of yawns. 1979Broadcast 4 June 8/3, 7 June will be a major event for psephologists..if..a yawn a minute for British voters. 1984Times 3 Oct. 13/1 So much proscription may sound like a recipe for a great gastronomic yawn.
Hence (nonce-wds.) ˈyawnful a., ˈyawnfully adv., ˈyawnish a., ˈyawnless a., ˈyawnsome a., ˈyawnsomely adv.
1855A. Manning Old Chelsea Bun-Ho. ix. 156, I awoke..chilly and yawnish. 1878J. Thomson Plenip. Key 26 His mouth and arms stretched yawnful. 1881J. M. Brown Student Life 4 A yawnless languor. 1898Blackw. Mag. Apr. 498/1 Fifty dull, stiff-jointed, yawnful years. 1900Yorksh. Post 28 July 6/6 A jaded and yawnsome and even jaundiced assemblage. 1908Standard 18 Feb. 7 A..yawnsomely dull debate. 1914W. De Morgan When Ghost meets Ghost i. xviii. 691 ‘On my way to Poynders,’ said the Countess yawnfully.
▪ II. yawn, v.|jɔːn|
Forms: α. 1 ᵹinian, ᵹyn-, ᵹionian, ᵹeon-, ieon-, ᵹenian, 3 ȝeon(i)e, ȝonie, 3–4 ȝone, yone, 3–5 ȝeone, ȝene, yene, 4 ȝyne, 6 yeane. β. 4–5 ȝane, 4–6 yane. γ. 6–7 yawne, 6–8 yaun, 6– yawn.
[OE. ᵹinian, ᵹeonian = OHG. ginôn, -ên (MHG. ginen), MDu. gênen to gape, yawn, related to the synonymous OE. gánian gane v. (q.v.), OHG. geinôn, and OE. ᵹínan, ON. gína. The vocalism of the present form of this word is difficult to account for. The normal representatives of the OE. and early ME. forms (ȝene, ȝone) would be *yeen and *yoan. Later ME. yane prob. arose through regional contact with gane v. The 16th cent. yaun, yawn, may have been the result of special local development of yane or yone.]
†1. intr. To open the mouth wide voluntarily, esp. in order to swallow or devour something; in early use often, to have the mouth wide open; to gape. Said also of the mouth. Obs.
αc725Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) B 24 Battat, ᵹeonath. Ibid. G 4 Garrit, ᵹionat. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 50 Bewyl twy dæl on wætre ᵹeot on bollan & ᵹeona ymb. c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) xxi. 11 [xxii. 13] Hi todydon heora muð onᵹean me, swa swa leo, þonne he ᵹeonað. a1100Aldhelm Gloss. i. 2409 (Napier 65) Hiulco, i. aperto, ieoniendum. rostro, i. ore, bile. a1225Ancr. R. 242 Ȝif þu iseie..ȝeonien wide uppon þe, þene deouel of helle. a1250Owl & Night. 292 Þat me ne chide wit þe gidie Ne wit þan ofne me ne ȝonie. a1290S. Eustace 156 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 214 A wilde lioun..kipt his ȝonge sone anon, On him he ȝenede wide. 13..Sir Beues (A.) 2763 Ȝenande & gapande on him so, Ase he wolde him swolwe þo. 13..K. Alis. 485 (Linc. Inn MS.) Him þouȝte a goshauk wiþ gret flyȝt Setliþ on his herberyng And ȝeniþ [Laud MS. ȝyneþ] and sprad abrod his wyngyn. c1400Arth. & Merl. 1583 (Linc. Inn MS.) His mouþ and þrote ȝonede wide. 14..Ibid. 1117 (Douce MS.) And wiþ his mouþ he ȝenede wyde. c1450Mirk's Festial 200 Then anon come..a gret horryble dragon and ȝeonet [v.r. ȝanyng] on her.
β13..Coer de L. 276 Upon hys crest a raven stode, That yaned as he wer wode. 1382Wyclif 2 Macc. vi. 18 Eleasarus..ȝanynge [v.r. ȝonyng] with open mouth, was compellid for to ete swynys flesh. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. x. (Tollem. MS.), The rauen biholdeþ þe mouþe of hire briddes, whan þey ȝaneþ. Ibid. xvi. vi, [Auripigmentum] helpeþ tisik..if þey ȝaneþ þeron and takeþ þe smoke þerof. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 151 Multitudes of Crocodiles lyinge in the sande, and yanyng to take the heate of the soonne.
γ1568Hacket tr. Thevet's New found World xx. 32 This fish is named Marsouin,..he hath..on the heade a certayne cundite or opening, by the which he yawnneth or purgeth, euen as the Whale [orig. Fr. par lequel il respire ainsi que la balene]. 1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 970 The crocodiles..yawne and offer there teeth unto them to be picked and clensed with there hands.
2. To lie, stand, or be wide open, as a chasm, abyss, or the like; to have or form a wide opening, gap, or chasm.
αc890Wærferth tr. Gregory's Dial. 52 Beneoðan swiðe deop niwolnys ᵹinode [v.r. ᵹeonode]. a1225Ancr. R. 304 Bineoðen us, ȝeoniinde wide þe wide þreote of helle. c1450Mirk's Festial 4 Vndyr hym helle ȝeonyng, and galpyng, and spyttyng fyre.
γ1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. vi. 14 The gashes That bloodily did yawne vpon his face. 1742Young Nt. Th. vi. 730 Wide yawns the gap; connexion is no more. 1795Cowper Needless Alarm 14 And where the land slopes to its wat'ry bourn, Wide yawns a gulph beside a ragged thorn. 1810Scott Lady of L. ii. xxxi, As sudden ruin yawned around. 1829― Anne of G. xxxiii, A private staircase which yawned in the floor to admit their descent. 1865Gosse Land & Sea (1874) 241 The beach yawning some thirty feet below. 1877A. B. Edwards Up Nile xxi. 648 Here yawns a great pit half full of débris. 1890W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. ii, It was the Isle of Wight, and the shore on either hand went yawning to it till it looked a day's sail away.
fig.1580Spenser Let. to Harvey H.'s Wks. (Grosart) I. 35 The onely, or chiefest hardnesse,..is in the Accente: whyche sometime gapeth, and as it were yawneth ilfauouredly.
†3. to yawn after or yawn for, to be eager to obtain, to long for. Obs.
a1250Owl & Night. 1403 Þe gost..ȝeoneþ after more & more An lutel rehþ of milce & ore. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 283 After he hath caught that within his clawes, after which he was euer yawning. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. Pref. iv. §3 The chiefest thing which lay reformers yawne for is, that the Cleargie may..be Apostolicall.
4. To make involuntarily a prolonged inspiration with the mouth wide open and the lower jaw much depressed, as from drowsiness or fatigue.
α1450–80tr. Secr. Secr. xxxiv. 23 Suche a man yeneth often, and hath sumtime disese in his eyen. 1547Boorde Brev. Health cxlvii. 54 The pacient wyll be colde and oft yeane or gape, yf this feuer be putryfied. 1598Bp. Hall Sat. vi. ii. 101 Had he heard the Female Fathers grone, Yeaning in mids of her procession.
βc1430How Good Wife taught Dau. 56 in Babees Bk. (1868) 38 Lauȝe þou not to loude, ne ȝane þou not to wide. a1529Skelton E. Rummyng 331 She began to yane and gaspy. 1548Udall Erasm. Par. Luke viii. 78 [He] wil stande gapyng & yanyng whan he should geue eare as though he wer more then half in slepe. 1557Edgeworth Serm. 261 He yaned seuen tymes, and opened his eyes, reuiued, and liued. 1570Levins Manip. 19/7 To Gane, yane, oscitare.
γ1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Thess. 7 Those that yawne and slumbre in naughtinesse, are occupied in darknesse of the soule. 1622Gataker Spirituall Watch (ed. 2) 67 The very sight of those that yawne is wont to set others also on yawning. 1721Bolingbroke in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 41 You shall be forced to read it out, though you yawn from the first to the last page. 1836J. H. Barrow Mirr. Parl. I. 818/1 Mr. O'Connell here yawned so loudly as to interrupt the Honourable Member. 1852Thackeray Esmond iii. iii, It must be owned that the audience yawned through the play; and that it perished on the third night. 1880‘Ouida’ Moths ii, I thought I should have yawned till I broke my neck.
b. To open the mouth wide from surprise or the like; to gape. Obs. or dial.
1604Shakes. Oth. v. ii. 101 Me thinkes, it should be now a huge Eclipse Of Sunne, and Moone; and that th'affrighted Globe Did yawne at Alteration. 1607― Cor. iii. ii. 11 To shew bare heads In Congregations, to yawne, be still, and wonder [etc.]. 1887F. T. Havergal Heref. Gloss., Yarning, = staring. ‘Stand yarning there’. E.
c. trans. To say or utter with a yawn or with wide-open mouth. Also with cognate object.
1718Rowe tr. Lucan i. 394 Scorning the wound he [sc. the lion] yawns a dreadful roar. 1828Macaulay Poems, Political Georgics 30 Let all in bulky majesty appear, Roll the dull eye, and yawn th'unmeaning cheer. 1854Dickens Hard T. iii. ii, ‘It wouldn't be bad’, he yawned at one time, ‘to give the waiter five shillings, and throw him.’ 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 243 One immense fellow..yawns a yawn a yard wide.
d. To bring into some position or condition by, or to the accompaniment of, yawning; also occas., to pass through in a lethargic manner.
1742Young Nt. Th. iii. 336 For what live ever here?.. To surfeit on the same, And yawn our joys? Ibid. viii. 614 No man e'er found a happy life by chance; Or yawn'd it into being, with a wish. 1817Lady Morgan France ii. (1818) I. 247 The Dalai lamas of haut ton, who yawn away their existence in the assemblies of London. 1880Daily News 29 Oct. 6/2 He literally yawned us out of the room. a1903‘H. S. Merriman’ Last Hope i, He..politely yawned that reminiscent fish-curer into silence.
5. intr. To open wide as a mouth; to form a chasm; to gape, part asunder.
1599Shakes. Much Ado v. iii. 19 Graues yawne and yeelde your dead. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 875 Hell at last Yawning receavd them whole, and on them clos'd. a1700Evelyn Diary 7 Feb. 1645, The sea retiring neere 200 paces, and yawning on the sudaine, it continued to vomit forth flames and fiery stones. 1713Young Last Day i. 87 The valleys [shall] yawn, the troubled ocean roar. 1820Scott Monast. xii, If the earth yawned and gave up a demon. 1848Dickens Dombey lvi, When the silent tomb shall yawn, Captain Gills, I shall be ready for burial; not before. 1852Tennyson Ode Wellington 269 The black earth yawns: the mortal disappears; Ashes to ashes, dust to dust.
6. trans. To cause to open wide.
1382Wyclif Ps. xxxiv. [xxxv.] 21 Thei ȝeneden [v.r. maden large, Vulg. dilataverunt] their mouth upon me. a1653G. Daniel Idyll. ii. 31 The monstrous Whale (wch Roles The Ocean, wth his Breath, and Yawnes the Brine As its Recesse). 1798Southey Grandmother's Tale 85 She stood beside the murderer's bed, and yawn'd Her ghastly wound.
7. To make, produce, or afford by opening wide.
1605Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iii. iii. Law 1220 The groaning Earth..Tearing her rocks, untill she Yawn a way To let it out, and to let-in the Day. 1818Byron Ch. Har. iv. lxiii, None felt stern Nature..yawning forth a grave for those who lay Upon their bucklers for a winding-sheet. 1821― Sardan. ii. i. 422 The realm itself, in all its wide extension, Yawns dungeons at each step for thee and me. 1907Smart Set Mar. 41/2 The prison doors were yawning a welcome for the runaways.
8. Comb. yawn-mouthed a., yawning, gaping.
1861C. Rossetti Prince's Progr. xxix, Out it [sc. a light] flashed from a yawn-mouthed cave, Like a red-hot eye from a grave. |