| 释义 |
▪ I. † yeme, n. Obs.
Forms: 1 ᵹieme, ᵹyme, 2–5 ȝeme, 3–5 yeme, 4 yem, ȝeeme, 5 yeeme, eme.
[OE. ᵹíeme fem. (also ᵹíemen), f. OTeut. gaum-: see next. Cf. OS. gôma fem., attention, entertaining, feast, banquet, OHG. gouma (MHG. goume) fem., observation, feasting, opulence, ON. gaumr masc., gaum fem., care (see gome2).]
Care, heed, attention. in yeme, in one's care, in charge.
c893ælfred Oros. iii. xix. 134 Hie þæs wealles nane ᵹieman ne dydon. c897― Gregory's Past. C. v. 44 Ᵹif we ðonne habbað swæ micle sorᵹe & swæ micle ᵹ ieman urra nihstena swæ swæ ure selfra. c1175Lamb. Hom. 117 He is iset to þon þet he scal ouerscawian mid his ȝeme þa lewedan. a1225Ancr. R. 344 Wiðuten ȝeme of heorte. a1300Cursor M. 7015 (Cott.) Tene yeir had he þe folk in yeme [other MSS. to ȝeme].
b. In ME. almost always in phr. to nim yeme or take yeme: to take note, notice, observe; to give heed, attend; to heed, care; to take heed, take care, be careful (corresponding to various senses of yeme v.).
c1175Lamb. Hom. 19 Nimað ȝeme nu..hwilche ȝife he us ȝefeð. Ibid. 75 Numeð nu ȝeme þerto, and ic ou wile seggen word efter word. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 77 Þe heuenliche leche seinte poul nimeð ȝeme of ure saule sicnesse. a1225Ancr. R. 78 Nimeð ȝeme hu wel he seið. a1250Owl & Night. 649 We nimeþ ȝeme of manne bure An after þan we makeþ ure. c1290Beket 1942 in S. Eng. Leg. 162 Holi churche..Þat geth al-mest nouþe to grounde bote god nime ȝeme þar-to. a1300Cursor M. 17536 For goddes luue tas yeme Quat yee sai. 13..K. Alis. 7415 (Linc. Inn MS.) Pors gan abak renne And nom þiderward ȝeme And loked toward heore crye. 1340Ayenb. 54 Nim yeme of þe guodes þet þou dest oþer miȝt do. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vii. 14 Þe Neodi and þe Nakede nym ȝeeme hou þei liggen. 1421Hoccleve Lerne to Dye 521 They..list take no yeeme Vn-to the ende which mighte hem profyte. 1426Audelay Poems 12 He that sayth he lovys his Lord, on hym take good eme. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 7085 Had she kept furth hir way, He wold of hir haue take no yeme. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 582 Ȝit biddes he to þaim take ȝeme.
▪ II. † yeme, v. Obs.
Forms: 1 ᵹieman, ᵹiman, ᵹyman, ᵹeman, 2–6 ȝeme, 3 ȝeome, 3–4 ȝiem(e, 3–6 ȝime, 4 ȝheme, ȝheyme, yeeme, yem, 4–5 yheme, 4–6 yeme, 5 ȝem, ȝyme, 6 ȝym.
[OE. ᵹíeman = OS. gômean to care for, guard, entertain (guests), OHG. goumjan, goumôn (MHG. goumen) to give heed to, observe, feast, ON. geyma to heed, watch (Sw. gōmma to keep, hide, Da. gjemme to keep, guard, save), Goth. gaumjan to perceive, observe f. OTeut. gaum-, whence also the forms s.v. prec.; the ultimate origin is disputed. In OE. constructed with a genitive of the object, which was succeeded in ME. by of, and ultimately by a simple object.]
1. To care for, take notice of, consider.
c888ælfred Boeth. xv. §1 Ne ᵹemdon hie nanes fyrenlustes. 971Blickl. Hom. 99 Hie..nystan ne ne ᵹemdon hwonne hie þæt eall anforlætan sceoldan. c1000ælfric De Vet. Test. Pref. (Gr.) 3/16 He ætes ne ᵹimde. c1205Lay. 9168 Bruttes her of ȝemden & noht hit ne forȝeten.
b. To give heed or attention to, attend to, look after; to take heed, take care (to do something).
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xxi. 160 Swiðe ᵹeornlice ᵹiemað ðæt hie ða eorðlican heortan ᵹelæren. c1205Lay. 12581 For þa arewen ne mihte þa Bruttes ȝemen nanes fihtes. a1225Ancr. R. 98 Heo went in hire þuhte ofte swuche wordes, hwon heo schulde oðerhwat ȝeorneliche ȝemen. c1440York Myst. xxvii. 66 Euer for to ȝeme in ȝouþe and elde, To be buxsome in boure and hall. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2819 All othir thinges he ȝemed Þat to a bischope degre semed.
c. intr. To attend; to look attentively upon.
a1225Ancr. R. 44 (MS. C.) Of ower kneolunge, hwense ȝe maȝen iȝemen, ear mete & efter [etc.]. 13..Cursor M. 17297 (Gött.) Al þai hidd þaim-self to ȝeme. c1394P. Pl. Crede 159 Y ȝemede vpon þat house & ȝerne þeron loked.
2. To take care of, keep; to have charge of, have in keeping; to guard, protect, preserve from injury.
a900Cynewulf Crist 1546 Se deopa seað..ᵹiemeð gæsta. c1000ælfric Num. iii. 38 Moises and Aaron and hira bearn ᵹimdon þæs temples on middan Israhela folce. c1175Lamb. Hom. 23 Þa men þe beoð in þe castel and hin ȝemeð. Ibid. 115 He scal wicche creft aleggan and wiȝelunge ne ȝeman. c1200Ormin 5585 Himm reoweþþ þatt he nohht ne maȝȝ Himm ȝemenn all fra sinne. c1205Lay. 369 Children & hinen þa ure nete sculen ȝemen. c1320Cast. Love 448 Nis þer nout in world bi-leued Þat nis destrued..But eiȝte soulen þt weren i-ȝemed In þe schup. c1330Arth. & Merl. 968 In a tour þai han hir do, Þat noman miȝt hir com to, Bot an eld midwiif, Þat schuld ȝemen hir liif. 13..Gosp. Nicod. (G.) 468 His lare be þine algate, And his pese might þe ȝeme. 1357Lay Folks Catech. (T.) 443 The seuent vertu..is methe..That..yhemes us fro yernynges of worldely godes. 1375Barbour Bruce xiii. 230 Ȝhemen, swanys, and poveraill, That in the parc to ȝheyme vittale War left. a1400Leges Burgorum c. 57 in Acts Parl. Scot. (1844) I. 344/2 He sal be lede to þe house of þe kyngis seriand..and þar he sal be yhemyt fra his challangeouris. c1400Destr. Troy 8254 He hurlet thurgh the helme, þat the hed yemed. Ibid. 10791 The yates to yeme he yepely comaundit. c1450Holland Howlat 132 The said secretar. that the sele ȝemyt. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxxviii. 39 Dispulit of the tresur that he ȝemit. 1513Douglas æneis iii. ix. 97 Poliphemus, ȝymmand his beistis rowch. Ibid. vii. x. 23 [He] heyrdis wyde, As storoure to the king, did kep and ȝime. a1568W. Brown Lett. Gold in Bannatyne MS. (Hunter Cl.) 141 Ye men of kirk, that cure hes tane Of sawlis for to wetsche [v.r. yeme] and keip.
absol.a1300Sarmun xviii. in E.E.P. (1862) 3 Hi nul noȝt spene bot ȝime in store. a1400Sir Perc. 1136 He lefte mene many ane... Be the ȝates ȝemande.
3. To have the command or oversight of; to rule, govern, manage, control.
c1000ælfric Gen. i. 18 Þæt hiᵹ..ᵹimdon þæs dæᵹes and þære nihte. a1300Cursor M. 9541 On na manere Moght he in pes his kingrik yeme. 1399Langl. Rich. Redeles i. 89 The cheuyteyns..Weren all to yonge of ȝeris to yeme swyche a rewme. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 1185 My landes forto lede and yeme. c1400Rule St. Benet (verse) 1052 Vs aw to ȝem our tong And spek not bot we be requerde. c1400Destr. Troy 5338 The septur & the soile sithyn haue I ȝemyt.
4. To keep, observe (a command, festival, etc.).
c1000ælfric Lev. xxvi. 42 Ic ᵹyme min wedd. c1175Lamb. Hom. 11 Þe þridde godes heste..Wite ȝe þet ȝe ȝemen þenne halie sunnedei. a1300Ten Commandm. in O.E. Misc. 200 Þe halidayes þu shalt ȝieme [pr. þieme; rime queme]. a1300Cursor M. 2690 Ful wel þis lagh sal he yeme. 13..Ibid. 9980 (Gött.) Euer scho lyues in maydenhede, Þat scho hir ches þe first day, Scho ȝemed it in mekenes ay. 1389in Sir W. Fraser Wemyss of Wemyss (1888) II. 24 Til there thyngys al and syndry lelily and fermly to befulfyllyt and yhemmyt bath the partys. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xiv. 61 In þe whilk er many gude Cristen men, ȝemaund þe same rytes..þat we vsen. c1400Destr. Troy 869, I am ferd lest þou..for ȝeuernes for-ȝete þat þe ȝeme shuld. c1450Bk. Curtasye 304 in Babees Bk., With freres on pilgrimage yf þat þou go, Þat þei wille ȝyme, wilne þou also. |