| 释义 |
York, n.1|jɔːk|
[OE. Eoforwíc, later Efer-, Euerwíc, ME. Everwik, also Yerk (Havelok), surviving in Lincolnshire dial. Yerksheer, and York (cf. ON. c 960 Jorvik, later Jork), ad. L. Eboracum, with addition of wíc dwelling.]
1. a. The name of a city in N. Yorkshire (the capital of the former county of Yorkshire); used attrib. in names of things originating from or peculiar to York or Yorkshire, as York ham, † York robe, York tan. York–Antwerp rules [adopted at York in 1864 and modified at Antwerp in 1877], an international set of rules governing the application of general average in marine insurance. York-paving, paving with Yorkshire stone. York pitch (of a plane): see quot. 1875 and pitch n.2 24 g; hence York-pitched a. York use Eccl.: see use n.1
1794Waldron Heigho for Husb. iii. i. 27 There's not a week goes over her head, but she [sc. the mistress] says to me..Maria, my dear, you may take that polonese, or York⁓robe, or pierrot, or whatever dress it happens to be. 1815Jane Austen Emma xxiv, While the sleek, well tied parcels of ‘Men's Beavers’ and ‘York Tan’ were..displaying on the counter. 1826Miss Mitford Village Ser. ii. My Godfather's Manœuvring, [He] actually drew my York-tan gloves from my astonished hands, and substituted a pair of his own best white kid. 1853G. J. Whyte-Melville Digby Grand x, The Major's York-tan gaiters. 1861Skyring's Builders' Prices 87 York paving, per foot super..os. 8d. 1875Carpentry & Join. 144 Knotted or crosse-grained wood can [only] be planed..with a special tool, of which the iron is placed at a more obtuse angle... For deal and soft wood this is 45 degs., or common pitch; for mahogany and hard wood 50 degs., or York pitch. 1877Hellyer Plumber vii. 54 The other compartment should be sealed over..with a piece of York stone. [1877Twiss & Jencken in H. D. Jencken York & Antwerp Rules 20 The Rules which your committee now bring before you as the basis for a uniform system of General Average for all maritime countries, and to which the title might be given of the ‘York and Antwerp Rules’, are appended.] 1881R. Lowndes Pract. Treat. Law Marine Insurance vii. 203 The York–Antwerp Rules constitute a sort of international code of general average, not as yet obligatory. 1897Westm. Gaz. 7 Apr. 2/3 A ham is a ‘York’ ham if composed of English meat and prepared in Yorkshire or ‘in contiguous counties or places’. 1913Engl. Rev. Apr. 110 The wood, being cut, is planed up and finished with a ‘York-pitched’ plane. 1970York ham [see Cambridge sausage s.v. Cambridge]. 1974E. R. H. Ivamy Marine Insurance (ed. 2) xiv. 191 The policy almost invariably provides that either a foreign law or the York–Antwerp Rules 1974 shall apply. 1983Harrods Mag. Xmas. 44/1 At Christmas the whole York ham, costing {pstlg}35. 1984J. Grigson Brit. Cookery 122 Today, York ham has become a generalised term, meaning no more than a mild cured ham.
b. as predicative adj. connoting the character of a Yorkshireman: cf. Yorkshire 2.
1856Lever Martins of Cro' M. xxxix, Don't lose your time trying to humbug me, I'm ‘York’ too.
c. Short for Yorkshire cabbage.
1823Cobbett Rur. Rides 26 July (1885) I. 210 They appear to be early Yorks, and look very well. 1841J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk I. 102 Large patches of early yorks.
2. Pertaining to the royal house of York; spec. = Yorkist 1 b.
York pence, copper coins of the reign of Henry VI. York and Lancaster rose (see quots.); hence allusive use of York and Lancaster in quot. 1653.
14..Norwich Corporation Records (Halliw.) Pens of topens fabricatis de ære vocatis brasenpens, secundum formam et similitudinem denar. vocat. Yorkpens. 1653Cleveland Upon Phillis walking 26 Poems 22 And he that for their colour seeks, May find it vaulting in her cheeks, Where Roses mix: no civill war Between her York and Lancaster. 1688Holme Armoury ii. 62/2 The York and Landcaster Rose, is half white, half red in the leaves: but in Herauldry it is a white Rose, in a red Rose. 1759Hume Hist. Eng. I. i. 4 Henry himself..had imbibed a violent antipathy to the York party. Ibid. 8 The retainers of the York family. 1837Rivers Rose Amateur's G. 12 The true York and Lancaster Rose is a Damask Rose.
3. One of the heralds of the College of Arms.
1630B. Jonson New Inn ii. vi, She's a wild-Irish borne! Sir, and a Hybride, That..studies Vincent against Yorke. 1766[see herald n. 1 c].
4. = New York; in York shilling, (a) in U.S.A. 12½ cents, (b) in Canada sixpence.
1824Microscope (Albany) 27 Mar. (Thornton Dict. Amer.), The bill amounted to the enormous sum of one York shilling for each gentleman. 1883Simmonds Dict. Trade Suppl., York shilling, a name in Western Canada for the English sixpence.
5. The name of York Factory, a trading settlement in northeastern Manitoba, used attrib. in York boat, a type of inland cargo boat used in Canada between c 1790 and 1930.
1864Nor' Wester (Red River Settlement) 26 Apr. 2/5 Gentlemen of practical experience gave their opinion that the present York boats (bateaux) could be used for the transportation of goods from Lake of the Woods to Lake Superior with as little difficulty as is encountered between this place and York Factory. 1909G. Bryce Romantic Settlement Lord Selkirk's Colonists 71 The birch-bark canoe is a mere trifle on the portage, but the heavy York boat capable of carrying three or four tons is a clumsy lugger. 1971R. Russell Carlton Trail 10 The company hired Scotsmen, Metis, and Indians to man brigades of York Boats. |