| 释义 |
▪ I. lobster1|ˈlɒbstə(r)|
Forms: 1 lop(p)estre, lopystre, 4 lopister, 4–7 lopster, 5 loppestere, lopstere, 5–7 lobstar, 6 Sc. lapstar, 6–7 lopstar, 4– lobster.
[OE. lopustre, lopystre, loppestre, corruptly ad. L. locusta locust. The L. word orig. denotes a lobster or some similar crustacean, the application to the locust being suggested by the resemblance in shape. In late L. the original sense survived alongside the other: cf. F. langouste, OCornish legast lobster.
The ending -stre of the OE. word is due to assimilation to OE. fem. agent-nouns (see -ster): cf. OE. myltestre from L. meretrix. The cause of the substitution of p for the L. c is obscure.]
1. a. A large marine stalk-eyed ten-footed long-tailed crustacean of the genus Homarus, much used for food; it is greenish or bluish black when raw, and of a brilliant red when boiled; the first pair of feet are very large and form the characteristic ‘claws’.
a1000ælfric Colloq. in Wr.-Wülcker 94/14 Crabban muslan pinewinclan..and lopystran and fela swylces. a1100Voc. ibid. 319/20 Polipos, loppestre. 1311–12Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 9 In sperling', creuis, lopisters, et pisc. aque dulcis. 1314–15Ibid. 10 In burbot, sprot et lopsters. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. lxxviii. (1495) 909 The vertue of gendringe of egges is..in crabbes and lobsters. c1450Two Cookery-bks. 114 Nym ye perch other ye loppestere or drie haddok. c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 764/31 Hic polupus, a lobstar. c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) v. 33 Lapstaris, lempettis, mussillis in schellis. 1599Marston Sco. Villanie i. iii. 181 A Crabs bak'd guts, a Lobsters butterd thigh. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xv. 142 Lobsters will swim swiftly backward. 1688R. Holme Armoury 338/1 A Crefish..a Species of the Lobster, but of a lesser size. 1720Gay Poems (1745) II. 17 On unadulterate wine we here regale, And strip the lobster of his scarlet mail. 1794C. Pigott Female Jockey Club 139 She faints at the approach of a mouse; if surprised by the sight of a black lobster, she screams unmercifully. 1875F. W. Pavy Food (ed. 2) 174 The flesh of the lobster is mainly found in the tail and claws.
b. Applied with qualification to other crustaceans resembling the above. Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus. spiny or thorny lobster, Palinurus vulgaris = crayfish n. 3 b. Some crayfishes are called fresh-water lobsters.
1778Encycl. Brit. (ed. 2) III. 1610/1 The strigosus, or plated lobster, with a pyramidal spiny snout. 1795tr. Thunberg's Trav. I. 240 The Cape lobster (Cancer arctos)..has no large claws, and is craggy all over, and covered with erect prickles. 1819G. Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 92 Palinurus vulgaris..is sometimes denominated Spiny-lobster, or sea Cray-fish. 1865Gosse Land & Sea 81 The sea cray-fish, or thorny lobster. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 104 A peculiar pale-blue Lobster from Norway.
c. The flesh of the animal, as food.
1789Cullen Mat. Med. I. 393, I have known..persons who could not take even a very small quantity of lobster or crab without being affected soon after with a violent colic.
¶d. The construction of jointed plate-armour is often described by comparison to a lobster's tail. Cf. lobster-tail, -tailed (in 5 below).
1786Grose Anc. Armour 22 Gauntlets..were..oftener of small plates of iron rivetted together, in imitation of the lobster's tail, so as to yield to every motion of the hand. Ibid. 23 Cuissarts or thigh pieces... They were made flexible at the knees by joints like those in the tail of a lobster.
2.
†a. An opprobrious name (? for a red-faced man).
1602Middleton Blurt Master Constable D 2 b, Let him goe..an old combe-peckt rascall..hang him, lobster. 1605Tryall Chev. ii. i. in Bullen O. Pl. III. 289 What a dictionary of proper names hath the Rogue got together!..Ile pearce you for this, you Lobster. Ibid. 290 Leere not, Lobster, lest I thump that russeting face of yours with my sword hilt. 1609B. Jonson Epicœne v. iii. Wks. (1616) 593 You whorson Lobster.
b. A slow-witted, awkward, or gullible person; a fool, dupe; a bore. U.S. slang.
1896Ade Artie x. 91 Every time I ever see him he was a lobster. 1900― Fables in Slang 54 He went to College, where he proved to be a Lobster. 1947T. H. White Elephant & Kangaroo (1948) xix. 157 When she was giving breakfast to Father Byrne, after a Station, she used to lean forward whenever the old lobster spoke. 1965English Studies XLVI. 468 The noun ‘lob’ ‘dupe’ became the root of lobster ‘dupe; victim’.
3. a. A contemptuous name for: A British soldier. The name was originally applied to a regiment of Roundhead cuirassiers from their wearing complete suits of armour (cf. 1 d above). In later times it has been referred to the characteristic red coat. Also boiled lobster. raw (or unboiled) lobster: a policeman: so called in contradistinction to ‘boiled lobster’, on account of his blue uniform.
c1643Songs Lond. Prentices (Percy Soc.) 68 When as 'tis but a lobster, whom (men say) Turn him but o're and o're he'll turn to you. 1644–7Cleveland Char. Lond. Diurn. 5 Translate but the Scene to Roundway-downe: There Hasleriggs Lobsters were turned into Crabs, and crawl'd backwards. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. vii. §104 [June 1643] Sir William Waller having received from London a fresh regiment of five hundred horse, under the command of sir Arthur Haslerigge, which were so prodigiously armed that they were called by the other side the regiment of lobsters, because of their bright iron shells with which they were covered, being perfect curasseers. 1660in Harl. Misc. (1810) V. 73 Redcoats, lobsters, corporals, troopers, or dragoons. 1687T. Brown Saints in Uproar Wks. 1730 I. 73 The women..exclaim against lobsters and tatterdemallions, and desire 'em to prove 'twas ever known..that a red-coat died for religion. 1776S. Haws in Milit. Jrnls. (1855) 89 The Lobsters [i.e. British troops] came out almost to copple hill and took 3 cows. 1803Sporting Mag. XXII. 29 He had gained over the lobster, as he called the serjeant. 1829Buckstone Billy Taylor i. iii, I..am no more a dull drab⁓coated watchman... Mary... Thou unboiled lobster, hence! 1830Ann. Reg., Chron. 9 Nov. 191/2 ‘No Peel—down with the raw lobsters!’ 1878Besant & Rice Celia's Arb. xxxix. (1887) 284 Jack the Sailor, Joe the Marine, and the Boiled Lobster. 1896W. W. Jacobs Many Cargoes 214 She's married a lobster... He's a sergeant in the line.
attrib. or appos.1758L. Lyon in Milit. Jrnls. (1855) 40 This afternoon their was a Lobster Corperel married to a Road Island whore. 1779J. Carpenter in Proc. Vermont Hist. Soc. (1872) p. viii, 7 Prisoners broke Prison from the grand Lobster guard at Fortin.
b. slang phr. to boil one's lobster: see quot.
1785Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue s.v., To boil one's lobster, for a churchman to become a soldier, lobsters which are of a bluish black, being made red by boiling.
4. Short for lobster-caterpillar, -moth.
1869E. Newman Brit. Moths 216 The Lobster (Stauropus Fagi). Ibid. 217 This singular caterpillar, which is known to collectors as ‘The Lobster’, feeds on oak and birch.
5. attrib. and Comb., as lobster-catch, lobster-catching, lobster-fishery, lobster-fishing, lobster-hatchery, lobster-man, lobster-red adj., lobster mayonnaise, lobster patty, lobster-salad, lobster-sauce, lobster-shell, lobster-shop, lobster soup, lobster-supper, lobster-woman; lobster bisque, a thick cream soup made of lobster; hence, the colour of this soup; lobster-boat, a boat used in lobster-fishing, fitted with a well in which to keep the lobsters alive; lobster-box slang, (a) a transport ship; (b) barracks (Slang Dict. 1865); lobster-car U.S., ‘a box or frame in which lobsters are kept alive under water awaiting sale or transport’ (Cent. Dict.); lobster caterpillar, the larva of the lobster-moth; lobster-clad a., clad in jointed armour suggesting a lobster's shell; lobster-claw, (a) ‘a screw jack used in setting rigging’ (Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl.); (b) pl. a common marine alga, Polysiphonia elongata, so called because it bears tufts of filaments resembling a lobster's claws (Cent. Dict.); lobster-coated a., red-coated; lobster cocktail: see cocktail 4; lobster-crab, a crustacean of the family Porcellanidæ; a porcelain-crab; lobster-crawl, ‘a fishing ground for lobsters’ (Cent. Dict.); lobster-creel, = lobster-pot; lobster-flower, the Barbados flower-fence, Poinciana pulcherrima (Treas. Bot. Suppl. 1874); lobster-joint, a joint in an instrument resembling a joint in a lobster's claws; lobster-louse, a parasite of the lobster, Nicothoe astaci; lobster-moth, the bombycid moth Stauropus fagi; lobster Newburg, lobster cooked in a thick cream sauce containing sherry or brandy; lobster-night nonce-wd., ? a night celebrated by a lobster supper; lobster-pot, a basket or similar structure serving as a trap to catch lobsters; lobster-smack jocular, a military transport; lobster-tail, a piece of armour jointed after the manner of a lobster's tail (cf. 1 d); also attrib.; lobster-tailed a., wearing ‘lobster-tail’ or jointed armour; lobster thermidor, cooked lobster mixed with a cream sauce, returned to its shell, sprinkled with cheese, and browned in the oven; lobster-trap = lobster-pot.
1895‘M. Ronald’ Century Cook Bk. 569 *Lobster bisque. 1929E. Wilson I thought of Daisy i. 8 She seemed appetizing in her lobster-bisque dress. 1967L. Deighton London Dossier 49 Bentley's..sells lobster bisque freshly tinned. 1974Times 15 Jan. 14/8 Their amazing lobster bisque did much to console me.
1777Pennant Zool. IV. 8, I am told..that when men of war meet a *lobster-boat, a jocular threat is used, That, if the master do not sell them good lobsters, they will salute him.
1833M. Scott Tom Cringle ii. (1842) 64 We landed in the *lobster-box, as Jack loves to designate a transport.
1887G. B. Goode, etc. Fisheries U.S. v. II. 674 Entirely submerged *lobster-cars are used in Norway.
1901Q. Rev. July 48 If the difficulties in reference to the treaties were confined to the *lobster-catch.
1881Scribner's Mag. XXII. 215/1 For *lobster-catching..two kinds of nets..are occasionally used.
1859Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. II. xciii. 73 The ancient *lobster-clad knights.
1794Burns Let. to Mrs. Riddel Wks. (Globe) 539 Those *lobster-coated puppies.
1854A. Adams, etc. Man. Nat. Hist. 290 *Lobster-crabs (Porcellanidæ).
1853Reade Chr. Johnstone 320 The periodical laying down, on rocky shoals, and taking up again, of *lobster-creels.
1865J. G. Bertram Harvest of Sea 391 In France the *lobster-fishery is to some extent ‘regulated’.
Ibid. 385 *Lobster-fishing. 1884Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) II. 53 Two methods of lobster fishing are in vogue.
1889Nature 21 Mar. 499 A complete *lobster-hatchery could be established..on the West coast.
1880M. Mackenzie Dis. Throat & Nose I. 511 The introduction of the inner tube [into the trachea] without employing *lobster-joints.
1863Wood Nat. Hist. III. 640 The *Lobster-louse is sometimes found in considerable numbers, fixed to the gills of the lobster.
1881Scribner's Mag. XXII. 210/2 The typical *lobsterman lives at the bottom of a charming and remote cove.
1889A. B. Marshall Cookery Bk. vi. 100 *Lobster Mayonnaise à l'Osborne. Ibid. 101 Lobster Mayonnaise with Aspic. 1913J. Vaizey College Girl xxvii. 368 Iced soup, lobster mayonnaise, salmon and green peas. 1969Queen 17–30 Sept. 50/3, I would not dispute the quality of the lobster mayonnaise at the Marbella Club.
1819G. Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 247 *Lobster moth. 1863Wood Nat. Hist. III. 535 The Lobster-moth derives its name from the grotesque exterior of the caterpillar.
[1895‘M. Ronald’ Century Cook Bk. ii. iii. 139 Lobster à la Newburg.] 1914‘Saki’ Beasts & Super-Beasts 172 The *lobster Newburg and the egg mayonnaise. 1968H. Franklin Crash vii. 82 We..had a dozen oysters, Lobster Newburg and Chablis from the barrel.
1715Pope Farew. to London Wks. (Globe 1895) 479 Luxurious *lobster-nights farewell, For sober studious days!
1817I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. III. 240 Keep up the fire, and lively play the flame Beneath those *lobster-patties. 1845E. Acton Mod. Cookery (ed. 2) xvi. 349 For lobster patties, prepare the fish as for a vol-au-vent, but cut it smaller. 1942Mrs. Belloc Lowndes Let. 19 Nov. (1971) 235 There were lobster patties, and queer looking Maid of Honour cakes. 1972C. Drummond Death at Bar i. 36 A large tray of lobster patties.
1764Ann. Reg. 92 Tangled in the lines of some *lobster pots. 1862Ansted Channel Isl. iv. xxii. (ed. 2) 508 The number of lobsters taken weekly from the various lobster-pots round the coast of Guernsey is estimated to average 4,000.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xv. 167 The little *lobster-red fury of a stove.
1819Byron Juan i. cxxxv, I'm fond of..A *lobster salad. 1837Thackeray Ravenswing vi, We had champagne and lobster-salad.
1822Blackw. Mag. XI. 161 Turbot..which ruddy *lobster-sauce accompanies.
1848Dickens Dombey vi, *Lobster shells.
1823Blackw. Mag. XIV. 508 An occasional crash of oyster-shells cast..from some *lobster-shop.
1829Marryat F. Mildmay v, I steered for ‘the *lobster-smack’.
1723J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. sig. S3v (heading) To make *Lobster Soop. 1865R. Riddell Indian Domestic Econ. (ed. 6) 37 Lobster soup. [Recipe.] 1960Good Housek. Cookery Bk. (rev. ed.) 78/1 Simple lobster soup. 1973J. Cleary Ransom iii. 74 Lobster soup—why the hell did I buy that?
1869C. C. Black tr. Demmin's Weapons War (1877) 219 The long ‘*lobster-tails’ which replaced the waist-piece and the tassets. 1880M. Mackenzie Dis. Throat & Nose I. 512 The angular and descending portions of the inner tube of the..canula..have to be made with joints on the lobster-tail principle.
1826Scott Woodst. v, Oliver on horseback,..charging with his *lobster-tailed squadron. 1889Doyle Micah Clarke 376 Old as I am..I am fit to exchange broadsides with any lobster-tailed piccaroon.
1933E. A. Robertson Ordinary Families xiii. 291 *Lobster thermidor always brings on a sort of gastric aphasia. 1969R. Airth Snatch! ix. 90 She'd made this lobster thermidor.
1865J. G. Bertram Harvest of Sea 385 The *lobster-traps and crab-cages, which are not unlike overgrown rat-traps.
1898G. Parker Battle of Strong v. 33 A *lobster⁓woman..put on her sabots.
Hence (nonce-wds.) ˈlobsterdom, the ‘realm’ of lobsters; ˈlobsterling, a young lobster.
1863Kingsley Water-Bab. 146 He had live barnacles on his claws, which is a great mark of distinction in lobsterdom. 1901Spectator 27 July 119/2 Sunlight..brings swarms of lobsterlings to the top of the jars in which they are hatched.
Add:[1.] e. Austral. and N.Z. = crayfish n. 3 a; also, any similar crustacean.
1826J. Atkinson Acct. Agric. & Grazing N.S.W. ii. 25 Lobsters, crayfish, and prawns, are also found in many places. 1834G. Bennett Wanderings N.S.W. I. xi. 214 In this colony, cray-fish abound in the sea, and lobsters in the river. 1909G. Smith Naturalist in Tasmania iv. 108 In Tasmania the term Crayfish is applied to the marine Rock Lobster (Panulirus [sic]), the term Lobster to the Freshwater Crayfish (Astacopsis). 1972L. Irish Time of Dolphins viii. 109 She rescued the lobsters—why do we call them lobsters when they're crays. 1983Austral. Women's Weekly Aug. 20/3 In NSW and Queensland any large, edible, stalk-eyed member of the marine crustacean family, except a crab, is a lobster.
▸ lobster roll n. N. Amer. a sandwich consisting of a long, soft bread roll with a filling of lobster meat.
1937N.Y. Times Mag. 15 Aug. 16/2 Out on the tip of Cape Ann ‘hot *lobster roll’ displaces the hot dog as a quick-lunch delicacy. 2002Bon Appétit Sept. 106/2 Some of the best fried clams and lobster rolls on the eastern seaboard.
▪ II. lobster2 E. Anglian.|ˈlɒbstə(r)|
Also 6 lopster, lobstart, 6, 9 lopstart, lobstert (E.D.D.).
[f. lob n.2 + stert, start, tail. Cf. clubstart, clubster.]
A stoat.
1490Paston Lett. III. 365 Wesellis, lobsters, polkattys. 1552Huloet, Lopster vermyn. 1577Harrison Descr. Engl. iii. xiii. in Holinshed, Haryers, whose game is the Foxe,..Lobstart [1586 lopstart], Wesell, Conye, &c. 1787Marshall Norf. (1795) II. 383. a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia. 1864C. Elton Norway ix. 124 Even now it is said that farmers in England complain of the ‘lobsters’ sucking the eggs and killing the chickens.
▪ III. lobster3|ˈlɒbstə(r)|
[Jocular formation on lob v. + -ster.]
One who bowls ‘lobs’ at cricket.
1889Daily Chron. 8 June 5/4 It is welcome to note the success with the ball of..Winter, the lobster. 1890E. Lyttleton Cricket 36 The gentle and sensitive ‘lobster’. |