| 释义 |
locomotive, a. and n.|ləʊkəˈməʊtɪv|
[as if ad. mod.L. locōmōtīvus, f. L. locō, abl. of locus place + mōtīvus motive a. Cf. F. locomotif.
Suggested by the scholastic phrase in loco moveri (= moveri localiter) to move ‘locally’ or by change of position in space; cf. Aristotle's ἡ κατὰ τόπον κίνησις.]
A. adj.
1. a. Of or pertaining to locomotion or movement from one place to another. locomotive faculty (cf. F. faculté locomotive), the faculty or power of movement from place to place by an act of the will; so also locomotive power.
1612W. Sclater Chr. Strength 12 Some kind of command over the locomotiue facultie. 1627S. Ward Happiness of Practice 27 Like dying men, and sicke of Apoplexies and speech: but no faculty Loco-motiue, no power to stirre hand or foote. 1640Bp. Reynolds Passions (1658) 1105 The will can hinder seeing, not immediately, but by the loco-motive power; by closing the eyes. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. vii. 196 Complaints of gravity in animated and living bodies, where the nerves subside, and the faculty locomotive seems abolished. 1649Bulwer Pathomyot. i. vi. 35 To which the command of Reason and the will doe concurre with the locomotive power. 1666Harvey Morb. Angl. iv. 38 The manner whereby the faculty of the brain effects a locomotive action in any muscul. 1717Prior Alma i. 287 If in the night too oft he [sc. a child] kicks, Or shows his loco-motive tricks. 1759Sterne Tr. Shandy I. ii, The Homunculus is..endow'd with the same locomotive powers and faculties with us. 1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. I. iii. 62 As if the passive page of a book..instantly assumed at once loco-motive power. 1823Bentham Not Paul 197 Except this exercise of the loco-motive faculty, nothing is there to distinguish him from the common stock of still-life. a1862Buckle Civiliz. (1869) III. v. 438 The locomotive..functions are more active in persons of a sanguine temperament.
b. jocular. Of or pertaining to travel, or movement from one locality or country to another.
1771Gray in Corr. w. Nicholls (1843) 120, I rejoice you have met with Froissart: he is the Herodotus of a barbarous age:..his locomotive disposition,..his religious credulity, were much like those of the old Grecian. 1786Observer No. 85 III. 236 The locomotive mania of an Englishman circulates his person, and of course his cash, into every quarter of the kingdom. 1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) v. Concl., Considering them [stage coaches] as the very climax and pinnacle of locomotive griefs. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. ii. vii, We conjecture that he has known sickness; and, in spite of his locomotive habits, perhaps sickness of the chronic sort. 1850J. Struthers My Own Life iv. Poet. Wks. I. p. xlvii, The young man..laid aside his locomotive dreaming, and became not only reconciled but wedded to the locality. 1874Helps Soc. Press. x. (1875) 143 In these locomotive days one is too apt to forget one's neighbours.
c. Of or pertaining to vehicular locomotion. locomotive power: power applied for transport purposes, as opposed to stationary power.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 671 Engines which have a locomotive principle [sc. as opposed to stationary engines]. 1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 219 Steam-engine..adapted for stationary, locomotive, or marine purposes.
2. Having the power of locomotion.
a. Of an animal: That moves from place to place by its own powers of locomotion.
1657S. Purchas Pol. Flying-Ins. 49 They could not live and grow without food, they were not locomotive, and therefore could not go forth of their cells for it. 1709T. Robinson Ess. Nat. Hist. Westmld. & Cumbld. 33 These shell Fish which were not Loco-motive were left behind. 1794Cowper Needless Alarm 64 The mind He scans of every locomotive kind; Birds of all feather, beasts of every name. 1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1843) I. 56 A caterpillar then may be regarded as a locomotive egg. 1851–6Woodward Mollusca 248 The locomotive bivalves have generally the strongest hinges. 1879G. Allen Colour Sense iii. 23 The young barnacles and balani are active, locomotive animals.
b. jocular. Of a person: That is constantly travelling from place to place.
1732J. Whaley Trav. of a Shilling 66 Poems 186 Or when my dwelling I wou'd change..My loco-motive Face was seen At Hampstead, or at Turnham-Green. 1810Scott Fam. Lett. 3 Oct. (1894) I. vi. 193 You being the more locomotive persons will I trust take another peep of Scotland. 1827Sporting Mag. XX. 262, I have not been much loco-motive of late. 1842Dickens Amer. Notes (1850) 128/2 He had all his life been restless and locomotive, with an irresistible desire for change. 1878C. Macgregor in Monthly Packet 19 Hadrian..was one of the most locomotive Emperors that Rome ever had. 1896Farmer Slang, Locomotive tailor, a tramping workman.
c. Of things; esp. of a vehicle or piece of machinery which moves in any direction by its own mechanism.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 670 Mr. Gordon has..taken out a patent for a locomotive carriage with the engine on springs. 1827D. McNicoll Wks. (1837) 185 This new locomotive world [sc. a sailing-vessel]..moves onward through the ocean. 1836E. Howard R. Reefer viii, Behold me..confined in a locomotive prison [sc. an ordinary carriage]. 1842Penny Cycl. XXII. 485 Such locomotive machines, impelled by steam power, as have been contrived for use upon common roads. 1846Greener Sci. Gunnery 76 You put not a locomotive train in motion at once; if attempted, you break and fracture the whole carriages. 1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 366 Patent dibble, with locomotive machine attached. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Jrnls. I. 283 She looked like a locomotive mass of verdure and flowers. 1860All Year Round No. 65. 352 The locomotive post-offices, with their great nets—as if they had been dragging the country for bodies.
d. spec. locomotive engine, † locomotive steam engine: an engine constructed for movement from place to place by its own power (as opposed to ‘stationary’ engine), usually by the generation of steam; esp. a steam engine adapted to draw a train of carriages along a railway; a railway-engine. Now generally shortened to locomotive (see B. 1).
1815Chron. in Ann. Reg. 50 The proprietors had provided a powerful locomotive steam engine, for the purpose of drawing..coal-waggons. 1815Specif. of De Baader's Patent No. 3959. 7 Those complicated unwieldy and dangerous machines called locomotive engines or steam horses. 1823Private Act (Stockton & Darlington) 4 Geo. IV, c. xxxiii. §8 [To] make and erect such and so many loco-motive or moveable Engines as the said Company..shall from Time to Time think proper..for the Conveyance of Passengers. 1854Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. p. x, Locomotive and marine engines. 1861Act 24 & 25 Vict. c. 70 §13 Nothing in this Act contained shall authorize any Person to use upon a Highway a Locomotive Engine which shall..cause a..Nuisance.
3. Having the power to produce locomotion; adapted for or used in locomotion.
1841–71T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 207 [It] gives off minute twigs to the locomotive suckers placed on each side of its course. 1851–6Woodward Mollusca 204 A cavity formed by the union of the locomotive organs.
B. n.
1. a. = locomotive engine (see A. 2 d).
1829J. Walker Rep. (7 Mar.) to Directors L'pool & Manch. Railw. Co. (1831) 18 The quantity of work which the locomotives are capable of performing. 1831Booth L'pool & Manch. Railw. (ed. 2) 70 All established methods..horses, locomotives, and fixed engines. 1837Longfellow in Life (1891) I. 258 While steamboats and locomotives traverse field and flood with the speed of light. 1849B. Barton Select. etc. p. xxviii, A variety of noises, not unlike a locomotive at first starting. 1861Act 24 & 25 Vict. c. 70 §8 Every Locomotive propelled by Steam or any other than Animal Power to be used on any Turnpike Road or Public Highway. 1886Encycl. Brit. XX. 244/2 The two types of engines are known respectively as ‘inside cylinder locomotives’ and ‘outside cylinder locomotives’. 1959E. K. Wenlock Kitchin's Road Transport Law (ed. 12) 26/1 No one under 21 is allowed to drive a locomotive, motor tractor or heavy motor car on a road. 1971Morning Star 3 July 3/3 More classes of vehicles will be able to use motorways... They include ‘locomotives’, which are load-carrying vehicles weighing more than 71/4 tons.
b. slang. pl. The legs.
1841Laird of Logan 24 The disher of dainties took to her locomotives—the infuriated man with the fork at her heels. 1843W. T. Moncrieff Scamps of Lond. i. 1 (Farmer), I will stop my locomotives directly. So now you may set your's agoing as soon as you like. 1870Sheffield Times Mar. (ibid.), Having regained his freedom he again made good use of his locomotives.
c. U.S. slang. A cheer. Also attrib.
1901Princeton Alumni Weekly 131/2 But he saw you trying to join in a locomotive cheer last Saturday. 1907Ibid. 321/2 The boys gave a rousing locomotive and then stood in silence. 1961Webster, Locomotive, a cheer characterized by a slow beginning and a progressive increase in speed and used esp. at school and college sports events.
2. An animal having powers of locomotion.
1872Dana Corals i. 25 It is not a solitary case; for there are many others of Actiniæ attaching themselves to locomotives—to the claws or backs of crabs [etc.].
3. Applied to an inferior kind of needle.
1880Plain Hints Needlework 95 There are a kind called ‘locomotives’, on which no maker will place his mark.
4. attrib. and Comb., as locomotive-driver, locomotive engineer (also U.S. = -driver), locomotive-runner (U.S. = -driver), locomotive works; locomotive car U.S., a locomotive and a car combined in one vehicle; a dummy engine (Webster 1864–97).
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 613 *Locomotive-driver.
1889G. Findlay Eng. Railway p. v, I must not omit to acknowledge my obligations to the Chief *Locomotive Engineer. 1890M. N. Forney in Railw. Amer. 134 Locomotive engineers and firemen.
Ibid. 137 *Locomotive-runners and firemen.
1848Mass. Private & Special Statutes 13 Mar., A corporation, by the name of the Boston *Locomotive Works, for the purpose of manufacturing locomotive engines. 1889G. Findlay Working & Managem. Eng. Railway vii. 118 Crewe, which previous to the establishment of the locomotive works was inhabited only by a few farmers and cottagers, has now developed into a flourishing town. 1966G. F. Allen Brit. Rail after Beeching xii. 357 Of the Southern Region's locomotive works, Brighton had already been shut down and Ashford (Kent) had been slated for closure. |