| 释义 |
lode|ləʊd|
Forms: 1 lád, (laad), 3 lad, 3–4 (9 dial.) lade, 4 lod, 6 loode, 6–9 load, 7 loade, 9 dial. looad, 4– lode.
[OE. lád fem.: see load n., of which lode is merely a graphic variant, now appropriated to certain special senses. (The obs. senses are placed under the one or the other word according to their affinity with surviving senses.)]
1. † Way, journey, course (obs.); dial. a road.
Beowulf 1987 (Gr.) Hu lomp eow on lade leofa Biowulf? a1000Andreas 423 (Gr.) Mycel is nu ᵹena lad ofer laᵹu⁓stream. c1200Ormin 3455 Þatt illc an shollde þrinne lac Habbenn wiþþ him o lade. c1320Sir Tristr. 419 He toke his lod vnliȝt, His penis wiþ him he bare. 13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 156 For be monnes lode neuer so luþer, þe lyf is ay swete. 1886Cheshire Gloss., Looad, a lane; in Mobberley applied to the roads leading to the various moss rooms on Lindow Common.
2. A watercourse; an aqueduct, channel; an open drain in fenny districts. Now local.
[789Grant in Birch Cartul. Sax. (1885) I. 358 Mariscem..quam circumfluit Iaeᵹnlaad.] 1572J. Jones Bathes Buckstone 10 b, Such evill ayre as issueth foorth of Lodes, Synckes, Sewers, and draynes. 1574Bp. Cox in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. iii. IV. 17 Our fennes, loodes, dykes, and banckes, being..so sore decayed. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 491 The whole region..is overflowed by the spreading waters of the rivers..having not loades and sewers large enough to voide away. 1839Stonehouse Axholme 376 There was formerly a small lode or gut, called Volfdyke, by which boats and small craft could sail out of the Trent. 1859Kingsley Plays & Purit. Misc. II. 139 Down that long dark lode..he..skated home. 1865― Herew. xxi. A man cutting sedges in a punt in the lode alongside. 1893Northumbld. Gloss., Lade, lode, an aqueduct or channel which carries the water to a mill. 1894Athenæum 5 May 587/1 A view of a fen lode or land drain in rainy weather.
†3.
a. Leading, guidance. Obs.
c1200Ormin 2140 Forr þatt he [sc. þe steoressmann] wile follȝhenn aȝȝ þat illke steorrness lade. Ibid. 6589 He..Forrleoseþþ sawless soþe lihht, Þatt iss Goddspelless lade. a1300Cursor M. 8441 Quen he cuth þe lagh o landes lade.
b. dial. The turn to act as pilot.
1855Correspondent, When a signal is made for a pilot, at Aldeburgh, the Pilots on shore draw lots, and he, who gets the lot, or as they call it the Lode, goes off to the vessel.
4. A loadstone. Also fig. an object of attraction.
It is uncertain whether quot. c 1530 belongs to this sense; cf. 3.
1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 211 So they that are abrode fast about may range, Rowing on the see, my selfe their lode and gyde. c1530Hyckescorner (ed. Manly) 84 (Perseveraunce), I am never varyable, but doth contynue, Still goynge upwarde the ladder of grace, And lode in me planted is so true, And fro the poore man I wyll never tourne my face. 1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 51 Arcadies Apollo, whose brightnesse draws euerie eye to turne as the Helitropion doth after her load. 1603Drayton Odes vii. 34 As with the Loade The Steele we touch.
5. Mining. A vein of metal ore.
champion lode, the most productive lode in a district.
1602Carew Cornwall 8 They haue now two kinds of Tynne workes, Stream and Load. Ibid. 10 b, When they light vpon a smal veine, or chance to leese the Load which they wrought,..they begin at another place neere-hand, and so drawe by gesse to the main Load againe. 1728Nicholls in Phil. Trans. XXXV. 402 When the Substances forming these Loads are reducible to Metal, the Loads are by the Miners said to be alive; otherwise they are term'd dead Loads. 1813Vancouver Agric. Devon 64 In the parish of Bridestow a lode of copper has lately been discovered within six or seven fathoms of the surface. 1845Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. IV. 151 Zinc lying in two large and two smaller lodes and veins. 1866Thornbury Greatheart III. 7 The lode is a champion lode, and must run for miles, so the men tell me. 1872Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 93 The aggregate yield of the mines on the Comstock lode. 1881― Mining Gloss. s.v., In general miner's usage, a lode, vein, or ledge is a tabular deposit of valuable mineral between definite boundaries. 1883Stevenson Silverado Sq. 60 The lode comes to an end, and the miners move elsewhere.
6. attrib. and Comb., as lode-claim, lode formation, lode-location, lode-mining, lode-ore; lode-light, a light said to be seen sometimes above a vein of ore; lode-plot (see quot.); † lode-ship, ? a pilot ship; lode-stovvan, lodeworks (see quots.); † lodewort, a name for Water Crowfoot, Ranunculus aquatilis, so called from its growing in watercourses.
1874Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 365 Brown's Gulch..contains the following *lode-claims, all claimed as silver-lodes.
1895Westm. Gaz. 28 Sept. 4/2 No. 1 Shaft..is sunk to the depth of 24 ft. on *lode formation 2 ft. 6 in. wide.
1883Encycl. Brit. XVI. 443/1 The appearance of the so-called *lode-lights may be explained by the production of phosphoretted hydrogen. 1894C. le N. Foster Ore & Stone Mining 107 Appearances of flame above mineral veins..are sufficiently well established to have received a special name ‘lode lights’ in Cornwall.
1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 328 Several lodes had in the mean time been found, or at least *load-locations [sic] made.
1874Ibid. 363 Concerning the *lode-mining interest of the county there is but little to report.
1778Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Burslem, Its potters use almost all the *load-ore that is dug at Lawton.
1778Pryce Min. Cornub. 324 *Lode-plot, a Lode that underlies very fast or horizontal, and may be rather called a Flat Lode.
1357Act 31 Edw. III, Stat. 3. c. 2 En cas que..pesson plus grant [que] Lob soit trove en nief appelle *Lodship [translation has Lodeship].
1860Eng. & For. Mining Gloss. (Cornwall Terms), *Lode stovvan, a drang driven towards rising ground on the indications of a lode in marshy ground.
1586Camden Britannia (1600) 148 Horum autem stannariorum, siue metallicorum operum duo sunt genera. Alterum *Lode⁓works, alterum streame-works vocant. 1602Carew Cornwall 8 b, To find the Loadworkes, their first labour is also imployed in seeking this Shoad, which either lieth open on the grasse, or but shallowly couered. 1727Bailey vol. II, Lode works [in the Stannaries or Tin Mines in Cornwall], Works performed in the high Grounds, by sinking deep Wells call'd Shafts.
1597Gerarde Herbal App., *Lodewort is water Crowfoote. |