| 释义 |
▪ I. rend, n.
[f. the verb: cf. rent n.]
†1. A rent, split, division. Obs. rare.
1670Baxter Cure Ch. Div. 381 O what rends and ruins had it prevented in the Christian world? a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. xiv. §99 There appeared such a rend among the Officers of the Army, that the Protector was compelled to displace many of them.
2. techn. (Such quots.)
1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Rends in a Ship, are the same as the Seams between her Planks. c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 140 Rends, large open splits or shakes in timber..by its being exposed to the wind and sun.
▪ II. rend, v.1|rɛnd|
pa. tense and pa. pple. rent. Forms: 1 rendan (hrendan), 3–4 renden, 4–5 rende, (4 reende, 5 -yn, reynd), 6– rend. pa. tense 3 rend(d)e, 3–6 rente, 4– rent. pa. pple. 3 i-rend, 6–7, 9 rended; 5–6 rente, 4– rent. See also rent v.
[OE. rendan = OFris. renda, randa (mod.Fris. renne, ranne), not represented in the other Teut. languages.]
1. trans.
a. To tear, to pull violently or by main force, off, out of, or from a thing or place; to tear off or away.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark xi. 8 Oðero..ða twiggo..ᵹebuᵹun vel rendon of ðæm trewum. a1225Ancr. R. 148 Heo haueð bipiled mine figer—irend of al þe rinde. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1332 Syþen rytte þay þe foure lymmes, & rent of þe hyde. c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 635 He smoot me ones..For þat I rente out of his book a leef. c1400Destr. Troy 8518 Þen Andromaca for dol..rent of hir clothis. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 123 Not rend [1580 rent] off, but cut off, ripe beane with a knife. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. v. 6 As if she had intended Out of his breast the very heart have rended. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 94 Being so rudely rent off, it hath..defaced his monument. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 455 The Rocks are from their old Foundations rent. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) I. 27 He..began to cut and rip and rend away the lacings of his suit. 1807Wordsw. White Doe i. 124 Altar, whence the cross was rent. 1863Hawthorne Our Old Home (1879) 362, I seemed to rend away and fling off the habit of a lifetime.
fig.1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, i. ii. 93 We must not rend our Subiects from our Lawes, and sticke them in our Will.
b. To take forcibly away from a person.
1611Bible 1 Kings xi. 11, I wil surely rend the kingdome from thee. 1632Lithgow Trav. ix. 394 This Kingdome after it was rent from the Romanes, remained in subiection vnder the French. a1720Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. iv. 341 So shall thy government be rent from thee and thy house.
c. to rap (or rive) and rend: see rap v.3 1 b and rive v.
2. To tear, wrench, drag up or down.
a1225Leg. Kath. 2152 [He bade] þurhdriuen hire tittes Wið irnene neiles, & renden ham up.. wið þe breoste roten. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 132 He wan the Citee..And rente adoun bothe wall and sparre and rafter. c1400Destr. Troy 12511 Cut down [were] þere sailes, Ropis al to rochit, rent vp the hacches. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 1083 Þe fowle wedes and wycys, I reynd vp be þe rote. 1513Douglas æneis ii. viii. 16 Troianis agane, schaipand defence to mak, Rent turrettis doun. 1650Fuller Pisgah ii. 56 God rent them up by the roots in the days of Pekah. 1733Budgell Bee IV. 437 Whose daring Sons, by wild Ambition driv'n, Rent up the Hills, and lifted Earth to Heav'n.
3. To tear apart (asunder) or in pieces.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xiii. 7 Hrendas vel scearfað..hia [Rushw. ceorfas vel rendas; L. succidite illam]. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5871 Lute vuel þoȝte he, þo me is wombe rende. a1300K. Horn 727 Þe fiss þat þi net rente. 13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 527 For he þat is to rakel to renden his cloþez, Mot efte sitte..to sewe hem togeder. c1350Will. Palerne 1851 Þe werwolf..went to him euene, wiþ a rude roring as he him rende wold. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 646 Cleopatra, He rent [= rendeth] the seyl with hokys lyk a sithe. c1420Anturs of Arth. 317 For him þat rewfully rase, and rente was one rude. c1450Merlin 26 Than Vortiger..made hem to be rente and drawen a-sonder. 1535Coverdale 1 Sam. xv. 27 He gat him by y⊇ edge of his garment & rente it. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 1370 Upon those gates..he fiercely flewe, And, rending them in pieces [etc.]. 1645Howell Twelve Treat. (1661) 331 The graue Venerable Bishop..fetcht such a sigh, that would haue rended a rock asunder. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 422 She tears the Harness, and she rends the Rein. 1720Pope Iliad xvii. 363 The Telamonian lance his belly rends. 1784Cowper Task vi. 411 Through generous scorn To rend a victim trembling at his foot. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 17 At times the black volume of clouds over head seemed rent asunder by flashes of lightning. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. vi. 42 The glacier..is rent by deep fissures. 1872Morley Voltaire (1886) 7 A banner that was many a time rent but was never out of the field.
b. To tear (one's clothes or hair) in token of rage, grief, horror, or despair.
a1225Juliana 70 Þa þe reue iseh þis, he rende his claðes. c1330King of Tars 99 Whon the soudan this iherde..His robe he rente adoun. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 870 Thisbe, Who koude write..how hire heere she rente. c1450Merlin 195 Than a squyer that saugh hym..com cryinge and betynge his hondes to-geder, and rendinge his heer. a1591H. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 65 The man of Benjamin came..with his clothes rent, and dust upon his head, in token of heaviness. 1730Young Par. Job 17 His friends..In anguish of their hearts their mantles rent. 1769Sir W. Jones Palace Fortune Poems (1777) 29 She rends her silken robes, and golden hair. a1839Praed Poems (1864) II. 308 Lo, they will weep, and rend their hair.
c. To wear out (clothes) by tearing. rare—1.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. v. 5 Thou shalt not gurmandize..And sleepe, and snore, and rend apparrell out.
d. techn. To make (laths) by cleaving wood along the grain into thin strips; also, to strip (trees) of bark.
1688[Implied in lath-render]. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 612 The following is the method of rending or splitting laths. 1859T. L. Donaldson Handbk. Specifications 137 The laths are to be rended out of the best..fir timber. 1893Baring-Gould Curgenven xiv, The stools of coppice..were of some five years' growth since last ‘rended’ for bark.
4. To tear apart or in pieces, in fig. applications; in later use, esp. to split into parties or factions.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 441 Fals men multiplien mony bokes of þe Chirche, nowe reendynge byleve, and nowe clowtyng heresies. 1531Elyot Gov. iii. xxii, He therfore was rente with curses and rebukes of the people. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. v. iv. 47 For whose deare sake, thou didst then rend thy faith Into a thousand oathes. 1610Donne Pseudo-martyr 285 Hereupon arose such a schisme, as rent that country into very many parts. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 309 The Commons live, by no Divisions rent. a1715Burnet Own Time ii. (1724) I. 274 He saw both Church and State were rent. 1757Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. X. 421 Popes and anti-popes arose. Europe was rent asunder by these disputes. 1838Prescott Ferd. & Is. (1846) I. v. 246 Navarre..still continued to be rent with those sanguinary feuds. 1876Holland Sev. Oaks xiv. 195 While men are about to rend each others reputations.
b. Used to denote the effect of sounds, esp. loud noises, on the air.
1602Shakes. Ham. ii. ii. 509 Anon the dreadfull Thunder Doth rend the region. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 182 Thunder mixt with Haile..must rend th' Egyptian Skie. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 557 Then, thrice the Ravens rend the liquid Air. 1738Gray Propertius iii. 47 While the vaulted Skies loud Ios rend. 1844Thirlwall Greece lxiv. VIII. 318 A shout of joy rent the air.
c. To lacerate (the heart, soul, etc.) with painful feelings.
a1591H. Smith Serm. (1637) 614 His heart is not rent, his mind is not troubled. 1666Bunyan Grace Ab. §104 That Scripture did also tear and rend my soul. 1766Goldsm. Hermit xl, The sigh that rends thy constant heart Shall break thy Edwin's too. 1877‘Rita’ Vivienne iii. vii, His strong frame rent and shaken by a storm of emotion. 1891E. Peacock N. Brendon II. 87 Her heart was rent by contending emotions.
5. absol. To tear; to act by tearing.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 3506 Ne slo ðu nogt wið hond ne wil, Ne rend, ne beat nogt wið vn-skil. 1388Wyclif Jer. xv. 3 A swerd to sleeynge, and doggis for to reende. c1400Destr. Troy 10209 He hurlit of helmys, hedis within, Rent thurgh ribbis. 1607Shakes. Cor. iii. i. 248 Whose Rage doth rend Like interrupted Waters. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. i. vi. Wks. 1851 III. 122 If schisme parted the congregations before, now it rent and mangl'd. 1818Shelley Julian 357 The dagger heals not, but may rend again. 1876Blackie Songs Relig. & Life 240 Never cast your pearls to swine, Who turn, and rend and trample.
6. intr. To burst, split, break, or tear. Also fig.
c1205Lay. 7849 Scipen gunnen helden, bosmes þer rendden, water in wende. c1470Golagros & Gaw. 691 Ryngis of rank steill rattillit and rent. 1578T. Proctor Gorg. Gallery B iij, I should..heale that hart that rendes. 1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. (1590) 25 My shoe shall rend. 1611Bible 1 Sam. xv. 27 He laid hold vpon the skirt of his mantle, and it rent. 1632Lithgow Trav. vi. 268 The Rocke, which (as they say) rent at his crucifying. 1705Hickeringill Priest-cr. i. Wks. 1716 III. 59 Samuel's Cassock, made of rotten black Cloath, perhaps, or else it would not have rent. 1762Falconer Shipwr. ii. 245 The mizen rending from the bolt⁓rope flew. 1830W. Taylor Hist. Surv. Germ. Poetry I. 277 The veil of the temple rends; an earthquake is felt. 1840Lyell Princ. Geol. II. ii. vii. 79 The walls of tenements rending and sinking, until a deep chasm..was formed.
Hence ˈrended ppl. a.1, torn, rent.
1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics (1860) I. 116 Bernard had farther the satisfaction..of sewing together..the rended vesture of the papacy. 1872Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 305 Straw for plaiting has recently been supplemented..by the rended leaves of palms.
▪ III. rend, v.2 Obs. exc. dial.
[f. rend-, stem of F. rendre render v. 17 a: cf. rand v.4 and rind v.]
trans. To melt; to produce by melting. Hence ˈrended ppl. a.2
a1340Hampole Psalter cv. 19 Þe kalfe þai rendid, þe ydol þai made. 1558Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1835) 167, ij great cakes of rended tallowe xxxiijs. iiijd. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 30 In makinge of your salve, yow are first to rende or melte your tallowe in a panne. |