| 释义 |
▪ I. † lost, n. Obs.
Also loste.
[app. f. lost, pa. pple. of lose v.]
= loss n.1 to go to lost: to perish, go to ruin.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. p. iv. 30 (Camb. MS.) Men do no more fors of the lost than of the hauyinge. 1387Trevisa Hidgen (Rolls) IV. 213 For þey schulde defende hem þe manloker for drede of so greet lost [L. metu tanti damni]. 1390Gower Conf. I. 147 Which is of most cost And lest is worth and goth to lost? 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 151 Of the lordshupp of Cursid men comyth many lostis and myschefis. c1425Eng. Conq. Irel. lx. 147 Al thynge vnder hys newe men yede to loste. 1473Waterf. Arch. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 310 He shall..make goode of all the losts that is done. 1505Galway Arch. ibid. 391 All such costes, lostes and damages as he shuld sustayne. 1519W. Horman Vulg. vii. 86 For in that delynge is great lost of tyme. 1671Woodbury Churchw. Acc. (E.D.D.), Collected by vertue of a Briefe for a lost by ffire.
▪ II. lost, ppl. a.|lɒst, -ɔː-|
[Pa. pple. of lose v.1]
1. a. That has perished or been destroyed; ruined, esp. morally or spiritually; (of the soul) damned.
a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) K vj, The greatteste signe of a loste man is to lease his time in naughty workes. 1590Sir R. Williams Disc. Warre 58 Wee were lost men but for our owne wits and resolution. 1678Bunyan Pilgr. i. 15 As the sinner is awakened about his lost condition. a1715Burnet Own Time (1724) I. 548 He was reckoned a lost man. 1780Falconer Dict. Marine, Lost, the state of being foundered or cast away; expressed of a ship when she has either sunk at sea, or struck upon a rock. 1818Shelley Rosalind & Helen 392 In my lost soul's abandoned night. 1895[see booze n. 1 c]. 1923D. H. Lawrence Ladybird 224 The lost-soul look of the men. 1937Discovery May 150/2 It emits a weird screaming wail like a lost soul.
b. Having the mental powers impaired. lost of wits: imbecile (cf. dial. use of lost in this sense).
1821Shelley Ginevra 12 Deafening the lost intelligence within. 1861Thackeray Four Georges i. 6 One thinks of a descendant of his two hundred years afterwards, blind, old, and lost of wits, singing Handel in Windsor Tower.
†c. transf. Desperate, hopeless. Obs.
1709Mrs. Manley Secr. Mem. (1736) II. 101 He loved me after a lost manner. 1720― Power of Love (1741) III. 214 She loves you in a lost manner, she is ready to die.
2. Of which some one has been deprived; not retained in possession; no longer to be found. Also, of a person or animal: Having gone astray, having lost his or its way. to get lost: see get v. 33.
1526Tindale Matt. xv. 24, I am not sent but vnto the loost shepe of the housse of Israhel. 1560Bible (Genev.) Lev. vi. 4 He shal then restore..the lost thing which he founde. 1667Milton P.L. i. 55 The thought Both of lost happiness and lasting pain Torments him. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters Ded., The grateful votaries [desired] to teach others how to recover lossed health. 1809Laws of Cricket (rev. ed.), If lost Ball is call'd, the Striker shall be allowed four, but if more than four are run before lost Ball is call'd, then the Striker to have all they have run. 1828Moore (title) Limbo of Lost Reputations. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 4 The imperfect remains of lost species of animals and plants. 1845Browning (title) The Lost Leader. 1849Chambers's Inform. People II. 652/2 If a ‘Lost ball’ be called, the striker shall be allowed six runs. 1849Dickens Dav. Copp. xlvi, It occurred to me that she might be more disposed to feel a woman's interest in the lost girl. 1896A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xxxiii, To this lost heart be kind. 1967Laws of Cricket (‘Know the Game’ Series) 15 If a ball in play cannot be found or recovered, any fieldsman may call ‘Lost Ball’, when 6 runs shall be added to the score.
Comb.a1845Hood Lost Heir 24 Has ever a one seen anything about the streets like a crying lost-looking child?
¶ to give (over or up) for lost, also to give lost: see give v. 31 b.
3. Of time, labour, space: Not used advantageously; spent in vain; † hence, vain, groundless. Of opportunities: Not turned to account, missed.
a1500Chaucer's Dreme 156 It were but paine and lost travaile. 1535[see labour n. 1 b]. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, ii. ii. 11 It were lost sorrow to waile one that's lost. 1604― Oth. v. ii. 269 Do you go backe dismaid? 'Tis a lost feare. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. ii. 111 My friend..repented himselfe of the lost time and charges, which he had spent in the sute. 1855Hopkins & Rimbault Organ xxxvii. 274 It can never be correctly said that ‘unoccupied space’ in an Organ, within reason, is ‘lost room’. 1889‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms xv, He began..to make up for lost time.
4. Of a battle, game: In which one has been defeated. Also transf. Of a person: That has lost the day; defeated (poet.).
1724De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 298, I saw it was a lost game. 1808Scott Marm. vi. xxxii, In the lost battle, borne down by the flying. 1822Shelley Hellas 294 So were the lost Greeks on the Danube's day.
5. to be lost to:
a. To have passed from the possession of; to have been taken or wrested from.
1667Milton P.L. ix. 479 Other joy To me is lost. 1744Ozell tr. Brantome's Sp. Rhodomontades 63 This Battle being lost to us. 1796Jane Austen Pride & Prej. xliii, My uncle and aunt would have been lost to me; I should not have been allowed to invite them. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. 363 The basis of power..was thus of necessity lost to the Five Cantons. 1850Tennyson In Mem. xliii. 9 So then were nothing lost to man. 1870Morris Earthly Par. II. iii. 10 In the lore long dead, Lost to the hurrying world, right wise she was.
b. Of a person: To be so depraved as to be inaccessible (to some good influence); to have no sense of (right, shame, etc.). Also rarely in neutral sense, to be ‘dead’ to, to have lost all interest in.
1640Shirley St. Patrick iv. F 4 Thou lost thing to goodnesse. 1654State Case Commw. 8 So lost and loose were that party of men to all former principles. 1682T. Flatman Heraclitus Ridens No. 78 (1713) II. 228 Being lost to all Humanity. 1711Steele Spect. No. 30 ⁋1 Who are not so very much lost to common Sense, but that they understand the Folly they are guilty of. 1769Sir W. Jones Pal. Fortune Poems (1777) 31 Resign'd to heaven, and lost to all beside. 1819Crabbe T. of Hall vi, A creature lost to reason. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 92 Lost to all sense of religious duty. 1859Tennyson Vivien 63 He lay as dead And lost to life and use and name and fame.
†c. To be forgotten by, unknown to (the world).
1626Shirley Brothers ii. i. (1652) 19 Men whose expectations are like yours Come not with honour to court such as I am, (Lost to the World for want of portion) But with some untam'd heat of blood. 1636― Duke's Mistress iii. iii. (1638) F 2 My Lord I know not with what words to thanke Your feeling of my sufferings. I will now Beleeve I am not lost to all the World.
6. In special collocations: lost cause, a cause (cause n. 11) that has failed or that is unlikely to succeed; spec. the cause of the South in the American Civil War (1861–65); lost day, level (see quots.); lost generation, spec. that of the period of the 1914–18 war, a high proportion of whose men were killed in the trench warfare; also used more generally of any generation judged to have ‘lost’ its values, etc.; lost motion, imperfect transmission of motion between two parts of a machine which communicate one with the other, due to faulty construction or looseness of the parts; lost property, lost articles found but not claimed; so lost property department, lost property office, an office dealing with (the disposal of) lost property; lost river U.S., a river which disappears into the ground and re-emerges elsewhere; lost rock U.S., a travelled boulder; lost stone U.S. = lost rock; lost Sunday (see Sunday); lost wax = cire perdue; lost weekend, one spent in dissolute living; also transf.
1865M. Arnold Ess. Criticism p. xix., Oxford{ddd}home of *lost causes, and forsaken beliefs, and unpopular names, and impossible loyalties! 1866E. A. Pollard (title) The lost cause. 1901‘Mark Twain’ Speeches (1923) 231 You testify by honoring two of us, once soldiers of the Lost Cause. 1914Times Lit. Suppl. 7 Aug. 378 Oxford has often been called ‘the home of lost causes’, or, as Mr. Cram puts it, ‘of causes not lost but gone before’. 1933C. Mackenzie (title) The lost cause. A Jacobite play. 1938J. Betjeman Oxf. Univ. Chest v. 112 Wytham and Binsey are the less hackneyed of Oxford's lost causes on the edge of Oxford. 1940C. F. Adams And Sudden Death xvii. 155 Why should I go round championing a lost cause? 1948D. Wecter in J. G. Kerwin Civil–Military Relationships in Amer. Life 31 Their late adversaries, the United Confederate Veterans, licked their wounds and dwelt lovingly upon the Lost Cause. 1949D. S. Freeman in B. A. Botkin Treas. S. Folklore p. viii, Perhaps every land that has the tradition of a Lost Cause builds its monuments in a certain sentimental determination and seeks through its memorials both to exemplify and to perpetuate its ideal.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Lost day, the day which is lost in circumnavigating the globe to the westward, by making each day a little more than twenty-four hours long.
1926E. Hemingway Sun also Rises (title-page), ‘You are all a *lost generation.’—Gertrude Stein in conversation. 1930R. Macaulay Staying with Relations iv. 57, I was nineteen when the affair [sc. the war] ended... I belong practically to the Lost Generation. 1939C. Day Lewis Child of Misfortune ii. i. 146 ‘Ha,’ Alec yelled. ‘We're the Lost Generation.’ 1951E. Paul Springtime in Paris xi. 197 The era of the Lost Generation and the notorious expatriates. 1959Listener 15 Oct. 616/2 Thomas Wolfe, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, Ernest Hemingway, and Katherine Anne Porter—members of the so-called ‘lost generation’, strove and strayed on the left banks between the wars. 1969[see hippie, hippy n. and a.]. 1970D. T. Turner in Z. N. Hurston Mules & Men 11 New York was an exciting place for young black intellectuals and artists during the mid-Twenties. Afro-American culture had been rediscovered... The ‘Lost Generation’ danced wildly to jazz rhythms.
1860Eng. & For. Mining Gloss. (Cornwall Terms), *Lost levels, levels which are not driven horizontally.
1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 421 The movement being continuous and rapid in one direction—so that there is no *loss motion [sic]. 1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., Lost Motion, looseness of fitting, incident to wear of parts.
1844A. W. Kinglake Eothen xxii. 340 The Governor..saw the value which I set upon the *lost property. 1922Joyce Ulysses 56 His lost property office secondhand waterproof. 1923H. C. Bailey Mr. Fortune's Practice vi. 156 He was only calling on the lost property department to leave a lady's bag. 1941V. Nabokov Real Life S. Knight (1945) x. 86 She fails to get the..job in the lost property office. 1959Manch. Guardian 7 Aug. 12/2 A home-made double bass..will be included in a lost property sale. 1971‘A. Garve’ Late Bill Smith ii. 49 Everyone with any kind of problem was bringing it to Sue. She was harbour-master, postmaster, nurse, lost property office.
1843‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase I. ix. 58 Out come the mole rivers that have burrowed all this time under the earth, and which, when so unexpectedly found are styled out there,—‘*lost rivers’! And every district of a dozen miles square has a lost river. 1872R. W. Raymond Statistics of Mines 197 The great ‘lost river’ which bursts out of the vertical side of the cañon of the Snake.
1831J. M. Peck Guide for Emigrants ii. 136 Scattered over the surface of our prairies are large masses of rock, of granitic formation, roundish in form, usually called by the people *lost rocks... These stones are denominated boulders in mineralogy. 1857Trans. Illinois Agric. Soc. II. 347 Another curiosity is the boulders, or ‘lost rocks’, as they are frequently called, which are found on the surface of the earth in the middle and northern sections of Illinois.
1819H. C. McMurtrie Sk. Louisville 29 (Th.), [Certain stones] in the Illinois and Missouri territories are denominated *lost-stones, from their being strangers to the soil where they are found.
1933H. F. Lenz Alfred David Lenz Syst. Lost Wax Casting 9 The modeling wax for casting in the ‘cire perdue’ or ‘*lost wax’ method has several requirements. 1947J. C. Rich Materials & Methods of Sculpture vi. 146 The ‘lost-wax’ or cire-perdue process is the traditional method of casting in bronze... The ancient Egyptians employed the lost-wax method, casting over ash cores. 1972Times 28 Sept. 18/6 The bronzes were made by the lost-wax process in which the mould is destroyed.
1944C. Jackson (title) *Lost weekend. 1947M. McCarthy in Partisan Rev. May–June 303 It was..comic that a man should have one name..for his wife..and another..for trips and ‘lost’ week ends. 1955Koestler Trail of Dinosaur 56 He is the classic type who becomes addicted to the Communist drug, and never finds his way back from the lost weekend in Utopia. 1960K. Amis Take Girl like You xix. 229, I quite expected to find you on the couch this morning, especially after your lost-weekend act. 1968A. MacLeod Dam iii. 32 I'll have to go down to the pub and replenish the stock... And that will mean another bloody lost weekend. 1969‘E. Lathen’ Come to Dust iii. 34 He seems to feel that if Patterson emerges from some lost weekend, the press will seize on his connection with Neil Marsden. 1975M. Kenyon Mr Big vii. 65 The Express used one paragraph headed Lost Weekend.
7. absol.
a. (with the).
1849Aytoun Buried Flower 72 All I loved is rising round me, All the lost returns again. 1871R. Ellis tr. Catullus viii. 2 Lost is the lost, thou know'st it, and the past is past. Ibid. lxxvi. 18 A help to the lost.
b. pl. Advertisements of lost articles.
1761Ann. Reg. 242 The number of losts..in the Daily Advertiser of next day.
▸ to be lost for words: to be unable to think of anything to say, esp. through intense emotion, confusion, or shock.
1828Trumpet & Universalist Mag. 6 Sept. 37/2 Several gentlemen who had heard you repeatedly, told me they never saw you so embarrassed and lost for words, on any previous occasion. 1859Harper's Mag. July 203/2 A genuine Yankee is lost for words to express emotion, however deep it may be. 1892Hamilton (Ohio) Daily Republican 27 Aug. 3/4 Mr Duerr was taken completely by surprise and for a time was lost for words. 1920Times 8 June 14/6 He kept me covered with the revolver..and we were both lost for words. 1960China Q. No. 4. 16 She caught sight of the old fellow and the old woman..flailing their arms about in indignation, lost for words. 2002‘H. Hill’ Flight from Deathrow xi. 63 For a moment the curmudgeonly old man was lost for words; he'd zeroed out of the discussion about ten minutes ago.
▪ III. lost(e
obs. f. lust; pa. pple. of loss v. Obs. |