| 释义 |
▪ I. lout, n.1|laʊt|
Also 6 loute, loughte, 6–7 lowt(e.
[perh. of dialectal origin, connected with lout v.1 (cf. ON. lút-r stooping) or lout v.2]
1. An awkward ill-mannered fellow; a bumpkin, clown.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 110 Callyng them, cowardes, dastardes, and loutes. 1565Golding Ovid's Met. (1567) Pref. A iij b, The wyse, the foole: the countrie cloyne: the lerned and the lout. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iv. iv. 71 'Tis no trusting to yond foolish Lowt. 1636T. Randall in Ann. Dubrensia (1877) 18 Ill thrive the Lowt, that did their mirth gaine-say. 1660R. Coke Justice Vind., Arts & Sci. 20 Will any man say, a great Lout new whipt, is probably like to make a good Schollar. c1720Prior Old Gentry 4 His son, and his son's son, Were all but ploughmen, clowns and louts. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 19 A more uncouthly lout was hardly seen. 1871Carlyle in Mrs. C.'s Lett. I. 317 Her particularly stupid huge lout of a son. 1901Longm. Mag. Apr. 546 That lout has actually dared to make love to me.
†2. In occasional use: A servant. Obs.
1567Drant Horace's Ep. i. x. E j, Collected coyne is Lord or lowte to eche possessinge man. 1626Spelman Gloss. s.v. Leudes, Anglis veteribus loute, pro seruiente et subdito.
3. Rugby School slang. A common fellow, ‘cad’.
1857Hughes Tom Brown i. v, We never wear caps here. Only the louts wear caps. Ibid. i. viii, They would roar out instances of his..shirking some encounter with a lout of half his own size.
▪ II. lout, n.2 dial.|laʊt|
[Cf. clout n.1]
A blow.
c1650Turke & Gowin 142 in Furnivall Percy Folio I. 95 Thou shalt see a tenisse ball that neuer knight in Arthurs hall is able to giue it a lout. 1877N.W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., I fetch'd him a lout upo' th' side o' th' heäd.
▪ III. † lout, n.3 Obs.
[f. lout v.1]
An inclination, bend.
1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 44 Thair the land bowing the selfe be litle and litle, with a certane laich lout and bend with her bosum.
▪ IV. † lout, n.4 Obs. rare—1.
[f. lout v.4]
A bellowing noise.
a1500Chester Pl. vii. 172 Yender lad..The lowt [v.r. lowde (? = lude1)] of this horne he shall heare.
▪ V. lout, v.1|laʊt|
Pa. tense and pa. pple. louted. Now arch., poet. and dial. Forms: 1 lútan, 3 luten, (lutien), Orm. lutenn, 4 lute (lote, louȝte, lutte), 5–7 loute, lowte, (5 loutte, lowth, lowtt), 6 lewt(e, 6, 9 Sc. loot, 4– lout. pa. tense. α. strong 1 léat, pl. luton, 3–4 leat, pl. luten. β. weak 3 lotte, ? lute, lowtede, 3–5 lut(te, luted, 4–6 lowted, 4– louted.
[Orig. a str. vb., OE. lútan, pa. tense léat, pl. luton, pa. pple. loten, corresponding to ON. lúta, pa. tense lǫut, pl. lutu, pa. pple. lotenn (Sw. luta, Da. lude), f. Teut. root *leut-: laut-: lū̆t-:—pre-Teut. *leud-: loud-: lū̆d-.
The primary sense of the root is prob. that represented in this vb.; it also appears in the senses ‘to lurk’ (see lote v., lout v.2, and cf. the cognates there mentioned), ‘to deceive’ (as in Goth. liut-s hypocrite, lutōn to deceive, OE. lot deceit, lytegian to defraud) and ‘to be small’ (see little a.). Outside Teut., probable cognates are Lith. liūdeti to mourn, liûdnas sad, cast down, OSl. luditi to deceive, ludŭ foolish.]
1. intr. To bend, bow, make obeisance; also, to stoop. Occas. refl.; also with down.
c825Vesp. Psalter xciv. 6 Cumað weorðien we and forð luten we biforan god. c1200Ormin 11392 Þe birrþ biforr þin Laferrd Godd Cneolenn meoclike & lutenn. c1200Lay. 1880 Ofte hes luten a-dun. a1300Cursor M. 5156 Hailsand forwit him þai lute. Ibid. 11614 Þai þam luted vnder him. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 798 Loȝe he loutez hem to Loth to þe grounde. 1375Barbour Bruce v. 253 Thar-with-all he lowtit, and his leyf has tane. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xii. (Tollem. MS.) Foure fotid bestis, þat hauen hedes loutynge doun to þe erþewarde. c1440Gesta Rom. xxxvi. 144 (Add. MS.) The Steward..lowted downe, and thanked the Emperour of his grete mercy. c1450Merlin 98 The archebisshop lowted to the swerde, and sawgh letteres of golde in the stiel. 1513Douglas æneis x. ix. 84 The Troiane prynce down lowtis hym abone. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. i. 30 He faire the knight saluted, louting low. 1658Cleveland Rustick Rampant Wks. (1678) 403 The limber Knights..who..can kiss the Hand and lowt with more Grace. a1755G. West Abuse Trav. (Imit. Spenser) xli. in Dodsley Coll. Poems (1755) II. 98 Tho' to that old mage they louted down. 1826J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 147 Dinna loot wi that lang back o yours. 1891Conan Doyle White Company iii, I uncovered and louted as I passed.
b. Const. dative or till, to, unto: To bow or make obeisance to, reverence. † Also trans.
971Blickl. Hom. 223 Sanctus Martinus..leat forð to ðæm men ðe hine slean mynte. c1200Ormin 8961 And till hemm baþe he lutte & bæh. a1225St. Marher. 12 Heo leat lahe to hire leoue lauerd. 1340Ayenb. 239 Þer com on of þe princes, and leat to him. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxiii. (George) 343 Þat scho suld god lofe & lowte. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 306 Ȝif a frere be a mastir..he shal be loutid & worshipid. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 926 Why lowtt ȝe nat low to my lawdabyll presens? 1522World & Child (Roxb.) B j, To me men lewte full lowe. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. iii. 5 Thrise lowted lowly to the noble Mayd. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. v. 78 All lowting lowe to him, him humbly they observe. 1813Scott Rokeby iv. viii, To Rokeby, next, he louted low, Then stood erect.
c. fig. To bow, stoop, submit (to).
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 282 Þe ildes aboute alle salle loute vnto þat lond. c1350Will. Palerne 2900 He ga[r]te þe grettest to hire prison louȝte. c1500Elegy on Henry 45 in Percy's Reliv., To whome grete astates obeyde and lowttede. 1568C. Watson Polyb. 100 The Carthaginenses perceiving how they were not able at that present to cope with the Romans, louted for the time. 1801Macneill Poems (1844) 118 ‘He ne'er can lout’, I musing said, ‘To ply the fleeching fawning trade’. 1819Keats Otho iii. i. 17 Was't to this end I louted and became The menial of Mars?
2. trans. To bow (the head); to let (the countenance) fall. rare.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2479 Hengist vaire him þonkede & is heued lotte [v.r. lowtede] adoun. a1300Cursor M. 16350 Iesus thoght ful mikel scam, and luted dun his cher.
▪ VI. † lout, v.2 Obs.|laʊt|
Forms: 1 lútian, 3 lutien, 4 lute(n, 5 loute, lowt.
[OE. lútian weak vb. = OHG. lûȥên (MHG. lûȥen) f. Teut. root *leut-: laut-: lū̆t- (see lout v.1); cf. OHG. loscên (:—*OTeut. stem *lut-skæ̂-) to lurk, lusk.]
intr. To lurk, lie hid, skulk, sneak. Used both in material and immaterial sense.
c825Vesp. Hymns xiii. 26 Ðu wunda lutiendra god ætstondes lece. c1000ælfric Josh. ii. 16 Farað eow nu..to muntum and lutiað þær þry daᵹas. c1205Lay. 21509 Duden heom alle clane into þan scipen grunde & hæhte heom þere lutie [c 1275 lotie] wel. c1230Hali Meid. 43 Ha [sc. prude] luteð iþe heorte. a1250Owl & Night. 373 Þe hare luteþ al day, Ac noþeles i-seo he may, Ȝif [etc.]. c1250Long Life 29 in O.E. Misc. 156 Ac deþ luteþ in his scho. 1390Gower Conf. I. 107 For love is of himself so derne, It luteth in a mannes herte. c1470Harding Chron. cxx. ix, Thus semeth well in armes a knight to dye, And not in bed to lye, loure, and loute, Tyll death hym kyll with paynes cruelly. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 378/2 Valeryan..fonde this holy man urbane lowtyng emonge the buryellys.
b. simply. To lie.
c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 579 Þey [fish] must be tekyn of as þey in þe dische lowt.
▪ VII. lout, v.3
Also 6–7 lowt(e.
[? f. lout n.1]
1. trans. To treat with contumely, mock. (Cf. flout v.) Also, to lout (a person) out of (something). Obs.
c1530Redford Play Wit & Sci. (1848) 41 So mokte, so lowted, so made a sot! a1553Udall Royster D. iii. iii. (Arb.) 44 He is louted and laughed to skorne, For the veriest dolte that euer was borne. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 258 b, Here is no want of any thing nowe, but of some gyering Gnato, which may lowt this Thraso out of hys paynted coat. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iv. iii. 13, I am lowted by a Traitor Villaine, And cannot helpe the noble Cheualier. 1591Harington Orl. Fur. xii. xxii, She will finde some sleight and pretie shift, With her accustom'd coynes him to lout. c1650Eger & Grine 672 in Furnivall Percy Folio I. 375 Eger..lay and heard her lowte him like a knave.
2. intr. To act as a lout; to loll about.
1807W. Irving Salmag. No. 3 (1811) I. 59 Those sprigs of the ton..Who lounge, and who lout, and who booby about, No knowledge within, and no manners without.
▪ VIII. † lout, v.4 Obs.
Also 6 lowte.
[? Echoic: cf. rowt, low vbs.]
intr. To low or bellow.
1530Palsgr. 615/2, I lowte as a kowe or bull dothe. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, To Lout, to Low like a Cow, or Bellow like a Bull. 1847in Halliwell. |