| 释义 |
lunette|l(j)uːˈnɛt|
Also 7–8 in anglicized form lunet(t.
[a. F. lunette, dim. of lune moon.]
†1. A little moon, a satellite. Obs.
1645Bp. Hall Peace-Maker x. 81 Our predecessors..could never have believed, that there were such Lunets about some of the Planets as our late Perspectives have described.
†2. The figure of a crescent moon. Also attrib.
1774J. Bryant Mythol. II. p. iv, Juno Samia Selenitis, standing in a lunette, and crowned with a lunette. 1787M. Cutler in Life, Jrnls. & Corr. (1888) I. 278 In this rock a flight of steps is cut, in a winding or kind of lunette form, from the road to the top of the hill.
3. Farriery. A horse-shoe consisting of the front semicircular portion only. Also lunette-shoe.
1580Blundevil Curing Horses Dis. clii. 65 Pull off his shooes and shooe him with half Moone shooes called Lunette. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 324/2 A Lunet shooe..is used for Horses that have weak Heels. c1720W. Gibson Farrier's Guide ii. (1738) 256 The cure is..to shoe him with Lunets, or Half-Moon shoes. 1753in Chambers Cycl. Supp. 1816Sporting Mag. XLVII. 27 A shoe in the form of the old lunette, or La Fosse's shoe. 1875in Knight Dict. Mech.
4. Arch.
a. An arched aperture in a concave ceiling for the admission of light.
1613–39I. Jones in Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. 39 The manner of Arches are..a Rotonda G, a Lunette P, and a Conca N and K. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 114 Lunettes are used in large rooms or halls, and are made either in waggon-headed ceilings, or through large coves, surrounding a plane ceiling. 1842–59Gwilt Archit. (ed. 4) Gloss., Lunette, a cylindric, cylindroidic, or spherical aperture in a ceiling.
b. A crescentiform or semicircular space in a ceiling, dome, etc., decorated with paintings or sculptures; a piece of decoration filling such a space.
1722Richardson Statues Italy 117 The pictures are painted in a sort of Lunettes, form'd by a Semicircle within a Tall Arch ending in a Point, and [etc.]. 1853Ruskin Stones Ven. III. ii. 74 The painting which filled the lunette behind it [a sarcophagus]. 1857A. Jameson Leg. of Madonna Introd. (ed. 2) 60 It is comprised in five lunettes round the ceiling. 1873Ouida Pascarel I. 36 Above at a vast height there was a lunette with frescoes of the labours of Hercules. 1886Willis & Clark Cambridge III. 210 The lunette over the entrance-door [of the Fitzwilliam Museum].
5. Fortif. A work larger than a redan, consisting of two faces, and two flanks (Voyle Mil. Dict.).
1704Harris Lex. Techn., Lunettes in Fortification, are Envelopes, Countergardes, or Mounts of Earth cast up before the Curtain. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Lunette..In Fortification, a small Work generally rais'd before the Courtin in Ditches full of Water: It consists of two Faces making a Re-entring Angle, and serves to dispute the Passage of the Ditch. 1711Lond. Gaz. No. 4883/2 His Grace..has given Orders for making several Lunettes in the Front of our Camp. 1759B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. II. 200 An embattled Wall, with Lunets hanging over the River. 1778Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Sandown Castle, Kent, N. of Deal,..consists of four lunets of very thick arched work of stone... In the middle is a great round tower. 1834–47J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. (1851) 11 The lunette, like the redan, is frequently open at the gorge. 1859F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 263 A Lunette has two faces, similar to the redan, and also two flanks.
6. A blinker for a horse.
1652Bp. Hall Invis. World iii. §12 Make earthly things, not as lunets to shut up our sight, but spectacles to transmit it to spiritual objects. 1753Chambers Cycl. Suppl., Lunette is also the name of two small pieces of felt made round and hollow, to clap upon the eyes of a vicious horse. 1875in Knight Dict. Mech.
7.
†a. pl. Spectacles. Obs.
1681S. Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 53 Then answered the whole croud, Bidding him read it out aloud. Seeking his Lunets [etc.]. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard., Refl. Agric. 49 One day Lunetts and Microscopes may possibly be Invented, whereby these Pores may plainly be seen and distinguished. 1796Mod. Gulliver's Trav. 75 Fearful of more mistakes, for want of my useful lunettes, I made my bow of depart.
b. Given as the name for a special kind of concavo-convex lens for spectacles.
1855in Ogilvie Suppl. 1875in Knight Dict. Mech.
8. A watch-glass of flattened shape. Also lunette (watch-) glass.
1832G. R. Porter Porcelain & Gl. ix. 233 Lunette glasses. 1849Dana Geol. ix. (1850) 466 The curvature of a lunette watch-glass. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 156 Lunette, the usual form of rounded watch glass.
9. In the guillotine, the circular hole which receives the neck of the victim.
1859F. E. Paget Curate of Cumberw. 238 When the victim's head is fixed in the lunette. 1900Westm. Gaz. 20 Oct. 6/2 His head had to be thrust into the lunette by two warders.
10. Glass-making. = linnet-hole.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 587 The founding or melting furnace is a square brick building,..at each angle of this square a small oven or arch is constructed..vaulted within, and communicating with the melting furnace by square flues called lunettes.
11. Antiq. A crescent-shaped ornament.
1865Athenæum 22 July 119/1 A pair of golden gorgettes or lunettes.
12. A forked iron plate into which the stock of a field-gun carriage is inserted.
1875in Knight Dict. Mech.
13. (See quot.)
1884R. F. Burton Bk. Sword 124 This hilt-plate has dwindled in the French fencing-foil to a lunette, a double oval of bars shaped like a pair of spectacles.
14. Eccl. A circular crystal case, fitting into an aperture in the monstrance, in which the Host is placed for exposition.
1890in Century Dict. 1893in Catholic Dict.
15. Physical Geogr. A broad shallow mound of wind-blown material built up along the leeward side of a lake basin, esp. in arid parts of Australia, and typically having a crescent shape with the concave edge of the crescent along the lake shore.
1940E. S. Hills in Austral. Geographer III. vii. 15 (title) The lunette, a new land form of aeolian origin. Ibid. 15/1 Along the eastern shores of almost every lake and swamp in the plains of northern Victoria there occurs a crescentic ridge of silty clay or clay ‘loam’... It is..proposed to designate them by a new term—lunette. 1942C. A. Cotton Geomorphology (ed. 3) xx. 275 Dust captured from the air during gales that produce dust storms is brought down by spray whipped up from lakes, so that crescentic mounds of loamy material of this origin grow up immediately to leeward of the lakes. Being rarely more than 20 or 30 feet high these broad mounds are not conspicuous unless they rise from very level plains, as is the case in south-eastern Australia, where there are many examples of such landscape forms, there termed lunettes. 1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 127 The most important type of wind action in forming lake basins..is deflation or wind erosion. The clearest evidence of this process is provided by those cases in which the deflated material is piled up as a curved mound of sand or lunette..along the lee shore of the depression. |