| 释义 |
▪ I. lute, n.1|l(j)uːt|
Also 4 loyt, 5–6 lutte, lewte.
[a. F. lut (Cotgrave; now written luth) whence It. liuto, Du. luit, Da. lut, MHG. lûte (G. laute); another form of the word appears in Pr. laut, Sp. laud, Pg. alaude; a. Arab. al-ﻋūd, where al- is the definite article.]
1. A stringed musical instrument, much in vogue from the 14th to the 17th centuries, the strings of which are struck with the fingers of the right hand and stopped on the frets with those of the left.
1361–2Durham Acc. Rolls 127 In uno viro ludenti in uno loyt. c1386Chaucer Manciple's T. 268 For sorwe of which he brak his minstralcye, Bothe harpe, and lute, and giterne, and sautrye. c1410Sir Cleges 101 He hard a sovne.. Of harpis, luttis, and getarnys. 1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 218 Item, to the menstrellis for the mendynge of a lewte ij.s. iiij.d. a1529Skelton Agst. Comely Coystrowne 29 He lumbryth on a lewde lewte. 1535Coverdale Ps. xxxiii. 2 Synge psalmes vnto him with the lute and instrument of ten strynges. 1599Shakes. Much Ado II. i. 98 God defend the Lute should be like the case. 1663Cowley Verses & Ess., Garden iv. (1669) 117 When Orpheus strook th' inspired Lute, The trees danc'd round. 1717Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess Mar 18 Apr., Four of them began to play some soft airs on instruments between a lute and a guitar. 1789Burney Hist. Mus. (ed. 2) III. i. 143 The Lute of which hardly the sound or shape is known at present, was during the last two centuries the favorite chamber instrument of every nation of Europe. 1879Stainer Music of Bible 22 A guitar and lute only vary with regard to the shape or length of the body and neck.
transf.1820Keats Isabella xxxv, The forest tomb Had..taken the soft lute From his lorn voice.
b. The name of a stop in some forms of the harpsichord (see quot. 1885).
1879A. J. Hipkins in Grove's Dict. Mus. I. 691/1 The so-called ‘lute’-stop. 1885Encycl. Brit. XIX. 70/2 To the three shifting registers of jacks of the octave and first and second unisons were added the ‘lute’, the charm of which was due to the favouring of high harmonics by plucking the strings close to the bridge, and the ‘harp’, a surding or muting effect [etc.].
2. attrib. and Comb., as lute-case, lute-lesson, lute-maker, lute-master, lute-player, lute-playing, lute-tune; lute-resounding, lute-voiced adjs.; lute-fashion adv.; lute-backed a., having a back shaped like a lute; lute-fingered a., having fingers adapted to the lute; lute-pin, one of the pegs or screws for tuning the strings of the lute; † lute shoulders (cf. lute-backed), round shoulders; lute-way adv., in the way in which the lute is played (cf. lyra-way). Also lute-string.
1601Holland Pliny I. 354 Those who are *Lute backed, thicke shouldered, and bending forward,..bee long liued.
1582Stanyhurst æneis, etc. (Arb.) 141 This slut..with a head lyke a *lutecase. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iii. ii. 45 Bardolph stole a Lute-case; bore it twelue Leagues, and sold it for three halfepence.
a1734North Life Ld. Keeper North (1742) 12 His..Lyra Viol (which he used to touch, *Lute-fashion, upon his knees). 1873Browning Red Cott. Nt.-cap i. Wks. 1898 II. 374/2 [Fiddles] sawn bow-hand⁓wise, Or touched lute-fashion and forefinger-plucked.
1820Keats Lamia i. 73 The soft, *lute-finger'd Muses.
1610Dowland (title), Varietie of *Lvte-lessons.
1573Baret Alv. L 672 A *lutemaker, testudinarius. 1610Dowland Var. Lute-lessons D 2, Hans Gerle, Lutenist, Citizen and Lute-Maker of Nurenburge.
1665–6Pepys Diary 12 Feb., Then comes Mr. Cæsar, my boy's *lute-master. 1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3921/4 Mr. Dupre, Lute-Master, has set up a School at the White-Periwig in King-street.
1596Nashe Saffron-Walden F 4, Otherwise he looks like a case of tooth-pikes, or a *Lute pin put in a sute of apparell. 1612Rowlands Knaue of Harts 10 My Breeches like a paire of Lute-pins be, Scarse Buttocke-roome, as euery man may see.
1587Golding De Mornay vii. 91 He doth fondlie incorporate the spirit of the *Lute-plaier in the Lute.
Ibid. xiv. 221 He cannot put his *Lute-playing in exercise.
1742Pope Dunciad iv. 306 Love-whisp'ring woods, and *lute-resounding waves. 1500–20*Lut schulderis [see luttered].
c1500Proverbs in Grose Antiq. Repert. (1809) IV. 406 He that is a perfyte musicion Perceyvithe the *Lute tewnes and the goode proporcion.
1818Keats Endym. iv. 774 Thy *lute-voiced brother will I sing ere long.
1607Brewer Lingua i. ix, Auditus, shall we here thee play, the Lyero-way, or the *Lute-way, shall we? 1611J. Maynard (title), XII Wonders of the World... With some Lessons to play Lyra-wayes alone, or..with another Violl set Lute-way.
Add:[2.] lute harpsichord = *lautenclavicymbel n.
1884Bell & Fuller-Maitland tr. Spitta's J. S. Bach II. iv. ii. 46 In the year 1740 (or thereabout) he devised a ‘Lauten-clavicymbel’ (*Lute-harpsichord). 1959Collins Mus. Encycl. 382/1 Lautenclavicymbel, lute-harpsichord..harpsichord with gut strings instead of metal strings. The instrument existed in the sixteenth century, and Bach had one made in 1740. 1989E. M. Ripin et al. Early Keyboard Instr. iv. vii. German makers in the first half of the 18th century seem to have been those most interested in the potentials of the lute-harpsichord and a number of different types were produced.
▪ II. lute, n.2|l(j)uːt|
See also lutum.
[ad. OF. lut (F. lut) or med.L. (use of L. lutum mud).]
1. Tenacious clay or cement composed of various ingredients, and used to stop an orifice, to render air-tight a joint between two pipes, to coat a retort, etc., and to protect a graft. Also with a and pl. a particular kind of this substance. † lute of wisdom [= med.L. lutum sapientæ], a composition for hermetical sealing, variously described by alchemists. fat lute (see quot. 1836–41).
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 195 Þe mouþ of þis pott schal be ioyned to þe mouþ of þe pott þat is in þe erþe with good lute, þat þere mowe noon eir out þerof. 1460–70Bk. Quintessence 4 Ȝe schulen opene þe hoole of þe vessel in þe heed þat was selid with þe seel of lute of wijsdom, maad of þe sotillest flour, and of white of eyren, and of moist papere, ymeyngid so þat no þing respire out. 1599A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 57/1 Put it in a glass, agglutinate the same, with a lute made for that purpose. 1605Timme Quersit. iii. 193 The ordinary lutes wherewith to stop vessels of glasse against faint vapours are these. 1660Sharrock Vegetables 68 Lute is made with horse-dung and stiff clay well mix'd together. 1662R. Mathew Unl. Alch. §89. 151 Take a good Retort of Glass, and put on it a good coat of strong Lute made of Blood, Lome, Hair, and sharp Sand. 1766Cavendish in Phil. Trans. LVI. 153 A glass tube fitted into its mouth, and secured with lute. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 789 Lutes are compositions which are employed to defend glass and other vessels from the action of fire [etc.]. 1836–41Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 1037 Fat lute, composed of pipe-clay and drying oil, well beaten to a stiff mass. 1868Joynson Metals 114 Make the box tight with a lute of sand and clay, in equal parts.
†2. In sense of L. lutum: Mud. Also attrib.
1694Motteux Rabelais (1737) V. 231 Lute, Unds, and Sands did long our March oppose. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 143 Roundish granules of a pale lute colour.
3. ‘A packing-ring of india-rubber placed between the lid and the lip of a jar, to prevent the access of air to the contents’ (Knight Dict. Mech.).
▪ III. lute, n.3 U.S. Brick-making.|l(j)uːt|
[a. Du. loet (whence also loot n.1).]
(See quot. 1889.)
1875in Knight Dict. Mech. 1889C. T. Davis Manuf. Bricks etc. (ed. 2) 142 There is a tool used for scraping off and levelling the moulding floor... It consists of a piece of light pine board,..set upright, with a long light handle in the centre. At the bottom is tacked a thin piece of steel, generally an old wood-saw blade, with the teeth turned upward... The tool is called a ‘lute’.
▪ IV. † lute, n.4 Obs.
Short. f. lute-string2.
1676Lond. Gaz. No. 1099/4 Sarcenets, Alamodes, and Lutes.
▪ V. lute, v.1 Now rare.|l(j)uːt|
[f. lute n.1]
a. intr. To play on the lute.
b. quasi-trans. with cognate obj. or quoted words: To express by means of the lute.
c. intr. To sound like a lute.
a.a1479Caxton Bk. Curtesye xliv, To harpe and lute, or lustely to syng. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. (Percy Soc.) 64, I may not lute, or yet daunce or synge! 1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. lxxi. 23 Therefore thy faythfulnesse to prayse, I will both Lute and sing. c1580J. Jeffere Bugbears i. iii. 83 in Archiv Stud. neu. Spr. (1897) XCVIII. 313 He lutethe, he harpethe, and singethe all the day.
b.1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xviii. 423 Thanne luted Loue in a loude note, Ecce quam bonum et quam iocundum, etc. 1847Tennyson Princess iv. 111 Knaves are men, That lute and flute fantastic tenderness.
c.1821Keats Lamia i. 167 Her new voice luting soft Cried, ‘Lycius’.
▪ VI. lute, v.2|l(j)uːt|
[ad. L. lutāre (F. luter, 16th c.) f. lut-um: see lute n.2 Cf. enlute.]
1. trans. To coat with lute, esp. to cover (a crucible, etc.) with lute as a protection against fire; to close or stop with or as with lute (an orifice or joint); to stop with lute the cracks or joints of (a vessel). Also with about, up.
1398Trevisa Barth De P.R. xix. xxxi. (1495) 878 Ocra brente Rede in newe crockes wel stoppyd and lutyd wyth newe claye. 1562W. Bullein Dial. Soarnes & Chir. 25 b, Then ye shall lute the gappe, or mouthe of the vaines..with this medicen. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. ii. 4 Before they distill, luting the Limbeck. 1599A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 67/1 Put this..in a nue pot, and lute the same verye close. 1601Holland Pliny I. 520 The better way is to lute it well, and close with clay. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia ii. 33 Their small boats, made of the barkes of trees, sowed with barke and well luted with gumme. 1639T. de la Grey Compl. Horsem. 349 Make a cake of clay and therewith lute up the pot. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 135 They make their nests of a longish hemispherical figure, of little twigs, and then lute them. 1662Hobbes Consid. (1680) 52, I admire them when I see them lute an Alembick handsomely. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 86/1 To Lute about the Oven stock with Clay..to keep the heat in. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 59 Having luted the junctures..let the fire be gradually administered. 1763–6W. Lewis Comm. Phil.-Techn. 7 There is no occasion for the hoop being luted. 1854H. Miller Sch. & Schm. vii. 65 Producing gas by means of a tobacco pipe luted with clay. 1858Hogg Life Shelley II. 424 Luting his retorts with pipe clay. 1893Chamb. Jrnl. 29 July 479/1 These he places in an earthen vessel, which he lutes with moist earth.
fig.1627Donne Serm. xliv. 440 Except the Lord open them [thy lips], it were better they were luted with the clay of the grave. 1650R. Stapylton Strada's Low C. Warres x. 6 [They] had their eares..luted against the sound of Peace.
2. To fasten or fix with or as with lute; also with about, down, in, on, together, up; occas. with complement. Const. † against, into, to, unto. Said also of the luting material.
1489Caxton Faytes of A. ii. xiv. 118 And luted theym wyth dong and stones ayenst the walles. 1563T. Gale Antidot. ii. 88 Put them..in to a still of glasse, and put his heade on it, & lute them well together. 1641French Distill. i. (1651) 40 Lute it well thereunto. 1666Boyle Orig. Formes & Qual. 422 Then pour out the Mixture into a tall Glass Cucurbite, to which lute on a Head and a Receiver. 1668R. L'Estrange Vis. Quev. (1708) 48 A large Glass-Bottle, wherein was Luted up..a famous Necromancer. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Distillation of Oil, Cover the Vessel, and adapt its Helm to it; lute 'em very well together with the Whites of Eggs and Flower. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 87 Place the mixture in a Crucible..to which a cover should be luted. 1819Southey in Q. Rev. XXI. 387 M. de Thury..opened the masonry of these wells, and luted into the opening the upper half of a broken bottle. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 212/2 After charging them with the crude ore, the lids were luted down. 1881Tait in Nature XXV. 126 In the neck of the steel cylinder..there was luted a vertical glass tube.
transf. and fig.1650Charleton Paradoxes 103 Paracelsus was fast luted in his grave..about the year of Christs Incarnation 1541. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xi. 118 It was a wooden structure firmly luted to its frozen base.
▪ VII. lute
see lite, loot, lout. |