| 释义 |
macaroni|mækəˈrəʊnɪ|
Pl. -ies. Also 6–9 maccaroni, 8 mac(c)arone, makarony, 9 mackerony.
[a. It. maccaroni (Florio 1598), earlier form of maccheroni (Florio 1611) pl. of maccherone; the ulterior etymology is obscure.
Some scholars have suggested connexion with Gr. µακαρία, explained by Hesychius to mean a sort of barley-broth. Diez regarded the word as a derivative of It. maccare to bruise, crush.]
1. A kind of wheaten paste, of Italian origin, formed into long tubes and dried for use as food.
The same ‘Italian paste’ is prepared also in the form of vermicelli, q.v.
1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. ii. i, He doth learne..to eat ænchouies, maccaroni, bouoli, fagioli, and cauiare. 1750Chesterfield Lett. (1792) II. 345 You would do very well to take one or two such sort of people home with you to dinner every day; it would be only a little minestra and macaroni the more. 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 285 To dress Macaroni with Parmesan Cheese. 1813Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 142 The wheat of the south of Europe, in consequence of the larger quantity of gluten it contains, is peculiarly fitted for making macaroni. 1825Lytton Zicci 45 Merton had heard much of the excellence of the macaroni at Portici. 1893Spectator 10 June 768 A Sicilian sawyer fed on macaroni and melons.
2. Hist. An exquisite of a class which arose in England about 1760 and consisted of young men who had travelled and affected the tastes and fashions prevalent in continental society.
b. dial. A fop, dandy.[This use seems to be from the name of the Macaroni Club, a designation prob. adopted to indicate the preference of the members for foreign cookery, macaroni being at that time little eaten in England. There appears to be no connexion with the transferred use of It. maccherone in the senses ‘blockhead, fool, mountebank’, referred to in 1711 by Addison Spect. No. 47 ⁋ 5.] [1764H. Walpole Let. Earl Hertford 6 Feb. (1857) IV. 178 The Maccaroni Club (which is composed of all the travelled young men who wear long curls and spying-glasses).] 1764― Let. Earl Hertford 27 May Ibid. 238 Lady Falkener's daughter is to be married to a young rich Mr. Crewe, a Macarone, and of our Loo. 1770Oxford Mag. June 228/2 There is indeed a kind of animal, neither male nor female, a thing of the neuter gender, lately started up amongst us. It is called a Macaroni. It talks without meaning, it smiles without pleasantry, it eats without appetite, it rides without exercise, it wenches without passion. 1773Boswell Johnson 21 Aug., You are a delicate Londoner; you are a maccaroni; you can't ride. 1773[C. Hitchcock] Macaroni i. 5, I wanted you to be a man of spirit; your ambition was to appear a first-rate Macaroni; you are returned fully qualified, and determined, I see, to shew the world what a contemptible creature an English⁓man dwindles into, when he adopts the follies and vices of other nations. 1783F. Burney Diary 9 Dec., It is the custom, you know, among the Macaronies, to wear two watches. 1820Lamb Elia Ser. i. South-Sea House, He wore his hair..in the fashion which I remember to have seen in caricatures of what were termed, in my young days, Maccaronies. 1854A. E. Baker N'hampton Words II, Macaroni, a fop. Equivalent to the modern dandy; now nearly, if not quite, obsolete. 1859Thackeray Virgin. (1879) I. 357 If he brags a little to-night..and talks about London and Lord March, and White's, and Almack's, with the air of a macaroni. 1881Athenæum 5 Nov. 603/2 The weak chin,..resolute brow, and good forehead, portray Sheridan to the life, as he appeared, a macaroni and brilliant lounger in Carlton House. 1891Sheffield Gloss., Mackerony, an over⁓dressed, or gaudily-dressed person.
transf.1778W. H. Marshall Minutes Agric. 3 Feb. 1775 Harnessed the old oxen in all their new finery..; the Pantheon never saw two more ridiculous Macaronies.
3. A species of crested penguin, Eudyptes chrysolophus. In full macaroni penguin.[App. so called because its crest was thought to resemble the coiffure of the ‘macaronies’. The Pall Mall Gazette Extra of 24 July 1884, p. 29/2 gives from a print of 1777 two figures of head-dresses then in use, one of which is called ‘the macaroni’. Cf. also quot. 1820 in 2.] 1838Poe A. G. Pym Wks. 1864 IV. 123 The maccaroni, the jackass and the rookery penguin. 1860C. C. Abbott in Ibis 338 This bird is called in the Falkland Islands the Maccaroni Penguin... It has an orange-coloured crest. 1885Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 492/1 Eudyptes, containing the crested Penguins, known to sailors as..‘Macaronis’.
4. A medley (such as a macaronic poem).
1884Rogers Six Cent. Work & Wages (1886) 166 Political songs in Latin or in a maccaroni of Latin and English.
5. In the West Indies, a coin of the value of a quarter of a dollar. ? Obs.
1834M. G. Lewis Jrnl. W. Ind. 403 Each grown person received a present of half a dollar, and every child a maccaroni. 1838W. Jameson in A. Robb Gosp. Africans (1861) iv. 88 The masters began to offer a macaroni, or 1s. sterling, a day.
†6. The name of a gambling-room at Newmarket. (Cf. macco.) Obs.
1771P. Parsons Newmarket I. 186 The Maccaroni is no other than a pretty large and whimsically painted room.
7. (See quot.)
1876R. L. Wallace Canary Bk. xiv. 165 Lizards [sc. canaries] are known among Scotchmen as ‘macaronies’.
8. Short for macaroni tool.
1867G. A. Rogers Wood Carving 12 Now take the maccaroni and cut away the wood on either side of the vein... The maccaroni..is shaped to cut at both angles.
9. An Italian. slang.
1845[see frog1 3 b]. 1901‘L. Malet’ Hist. R. Calmady v. x. 461 You don't suppose I mean to stand here till the second anniversary of the Day of Judgment, watching your blithering chicken-shanked macaronies suck rotten oranges, do you? 1942E. Paul Narrow St. xxix. 266 ‘Cut the throats of the macaronis,’ Madame Absalom said. She disliked Italians slightly more than the rest of the human race. 1946D. Hamson We fell among Greeks viii. 91 They dropped us practically on to the Italian garrison at Karpenísi... Doug was playing hidey-ho with a couple of macaronis, taking potshots round bushes at each other.
10. Nonsense, meaningless talk. slang (chiefly Austral.).
1924Lawrence & Skinner Boy in Bush iii. 46 Yes. Jam, macaroni, cockadoodle. We're plain people out here⁓aways, not mantle ornaments. 1941Baker Dict. Austral. Slang 45 Macaroni, nonsense, foolishness. 1945― Austral. Lang. vi. 128 Macaroni..and borak cover the same meaning of misleading chatter. 1965J. von Sternberg Fun in Chinese Laundry (1966) iv. 67 What is flashed from the projector overhead will be the same old macaroni.
11. attrib., as (sense 1) macaroni dealer, macaroni pudding, macaroni soup, macaroni-stall, macaroni wheat; (sense 2) macaroni cane, macaroni dress, macaroni intelligencer, macaroni marquis, macaroni philosopher, macaroni shrug, macaroni train; macaroni cheese, a savoury of which the principal ingredients are macaroni and cheese; † macaroni fiddle, ? some kind of small violin; † macaroni gin, a kind of colliery gin (E.D.D.); † macaroni stake (see quot.); macaroni tool, a square-cutting tool used in wood-carving.
1781Westm. Mag. IX. 71 A supple-jack or a *macaroni cane, embellished with silk and gold tassels.
[1769E. Raffald Experienced Eng. Housekeeper xii. 261 To dress Macaroni with Permasent Cheese... Boil it.., pour it on a Plate, lay all over it Permasent Cheese toasted.] 1877Trollope Is he Popenjoy? (1878) I. i. 2 It is as though one were asked to eat boiled mutton after woodcocks, caviare, or *maccaroni [macaroni, 1877 serial publ.] cheese. 1934A. Ransome Coot Club iii. 40 Tell her we won't be late. Macaroni cheese to-night. 1972B. Nilson Pears Bk. Light Meals xii. 184 Macaroni cheese with ham.
1851in Illustr. Lond. News 5 Aug. (1854) 119/1 Occupations of the People,..*Maccaroni-dealer.
1772Foote Nabob i. (1778) 26 The waiter at Almack's has just brought him home his *macaroni dress for the hazard table.
1777F. Burney Early Diary Apr.–July (1889) II. 185 First came a French horn,—..then a violin,—a bass,—a bassoon,—a *Macaroni fiddle.
1789Brand Hist. Newcastle II. 684 There is a sort of gins called ‘whim gins’, and a kind known by the name of ‘*macaroni gins’.
1769Public Advert. 18 May 4/2 Thy Paper is the *Macarony Intelligencer.
1859Thackeray Virgin. xcii. (1878) 758, I never bargained to have a *Maccaroni Marquis to command me.
1797Monthly Mag. III. 92 In this fanciful æra, when *macaroni philosophers hold flirtation with science.
1861Mrs. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. xxvii. 654 Sweet *macaroni pudding... Put the macaroni, with a pint of the milk, into a saucepan with the lemon-peel. 1963N. Heaton Puddings ii. 56 Macaroni Pudding... When cool, add the beaten egg and the sugar.
1775F. Burney Early Diary 21 Nov., ‘It is not at all the ton to like her’:..(with a *Macarony shrug).
1845E. Acton Mod. Cookery (ed. 2) i. 11 *Maccaroni soup. Throw four ounces of fine fresh mellow maccaroni into a pan of fast-boiling water. 1949H. Smith Master Bk. Soups xv. 198 Thick Macaroni Soup. Prepare 3 pints of good gravy... Garnish with 6 ozs. macaroni cooked in salted water.
1823‘Jon Bee’ Dict. Turf, *Macaroni stakes, those ridden by gentlemen, not jockies.
1814Sporting Mag. XLIV. 103 You dash among the pots of a *maccaroni-stall.
1867G. A. Rogers Wood Carving 2 A *maccaroni tool. 1890C. G. Leland Wood Carving 10 The Macaroni Tool..is for removing wood on each side of a vein or leaf, or similar delicate work. Ibid. 42 The so-called ‘macaroni-tool’..is really very little used, owing to the great difficulty of keeping it sharp, and its liability to break.
1773Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. Epil., Ye travell'd tribe, ye *macaroni train.
1901Westm. Gaz. 23 July 7/3 The *macaroni wheat crop (a new venture in the United States). |