| 释义 |
▪ I. † proˈnounce, n. Obs. rare.
[f. next; cf. obs. F. prononce, f. prononcer (see next): cf. It. pronunzia, med.L. prōnuncia (Du Cange).]
1. = pronunciation 2.
1600J. Dymmok Ireland (1843) 35 Orators, all of them having their particular excellencies in barbarisme, harshnes, and rusticall both pronounce and action.
2. = pronouncement 1.
1641Milton Ch. Govt. vi. Wks. 1851 III. 124 That all controversie may end in the finall pronounce or canon of one Arch-primat, or Protestant Pope.
▪ II. pronounce, v.|prəʊˈnaʊns|
Also 4–5 (Sc. 6–7) pronunce, 4–6 -nounse, 5 -nunse, -nowns, 5–6 -nownce, 6 -nownse.
[ME. pronunce, pronounce, a. OF. pronuncier (1277 in Godef. Compl.), for earlier purnuncier (mod.F. prononcer):—late L. prōnunciāre for orig. prōnuntiāre to proclaim, announce, rehearse, narrate, pronounce, f. prō, pro-1 + nunti-āre to announce: cf. announce, enounce.]
I.
1. trans. To utter, declare, or deliver (a sentence or statement) formally or solemnly; to proclaim or announce authoritatively or officially.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 315 To areson þe pape, Þe right forto declare..& þorgh his decre þe pes pronunce a day. c1400Brut 155 Þe Pope..grantede ful power to iiij bisshopis to pronounce þe enterdityng, if it were nede. 1485Caxton Paris & V. (1868) 7 The messagers..had pronounced the joustes. 1548–9(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Matrimony, I pronounce that they bee man and wyfe together. 1552Ibid., Morn. Prayer Rubric, The absolucion to be pronounced by the Minister alone. 1586–7Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 142 He pronunceit a Wo aganis the inhabitantis of Edinburgh. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 135 Then the first Prince, whose office it is, pronounces with a loud voice, that it is but necessary they should have a Prince to Govern and Rule them. 1690Locke Govt. i. xi. §129 The pronouncing of Sentence of Death is not a certain mark of Sovereignty. 1743J. Morris Serm. vii. 183 When he had pronounced the curse. 1850A. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 199 The day and hour on which he pronounced his vows as an Augustine Friar. 1876Tennyson Harold ii. ii, And hath King Edward not pronounced his heir? 1884A. R. Pennington Wiclif ix. 297 Excommunications, unjustly pronounced, must be disregarded.
2. To declare aloud, proclaim, announce, make known; to tell, narrate, report. Obs. or merged in 1.
c1380Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif (1851) 147 To pronounce wele here nedis to begge of þe puple. c1386Chaucer Pard. Prol. 7 First I pronounce whennes þat I come, And thanne my bulles shewe I alle and some. c1400Rule St. Benet 1003, I sal pronunce..All my mysdedes my-self ogayne. 1576Gascoigne Philomene lxxiii, Amidde the thickest throngs..I will pronounce this bloudie deede. a1774Goldsm. Hist. Greece II. 94 A Courier..appeared before the Prytanes, and pronounced the dreadful tidings, that the King of Macedon had taken possession of Elatea. a1845Hood Lamia i. 2 Here I'll sit down and watch; till his dear foot Pronounce him to my ear. 1865Trollope Belton Est. ix. 98 Impassioned words, in which she pronounced her ideas of what should be the religious duties of a woman.
†b. fig. To ‘declare’, display. Obs.
1615J. Stephens Ess. & Char., Worthy Poet (1857) 144 His workes doe..pronounce both nourishment, delight and admiration to the readers soule. 1777W. Dalrymple Trav. Sp. & Port. cxliii, Costly decorations to the capital, that pronounce false pride and vain glory.
3. To affirm, assert, state authoritatively or definitely; to declare as one's opinion or judgement, or as a known fact.
a. with simple compl. or inf.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 35 Whi schulde curatis pronounsen here breþeren a cursed. c1450tr. De Imitatione ii. xi. 55 Lete him..pronounce himself an vnprofitable seruant. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 64 The Oracle of Apollo, pronounced the Chaldæans and Hebrewes to be only wise. 1695Blackmore Pr. Arth. ii. 193 God view'd his Creatures, and pronounc'd them good. 1718Free-thinker No. 57 ⁋3 Pronouncing you a Genteel, Fine, Beautiful Woman. 1826K. Digby Broadst. Hon. (1829) I. Godefridus 69 The twelfth century, which even Sismondi pronounces to have been a great age. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. xvi. 314 Professor Forbes..pronounces this portion of the Mer de Glace impassable. Mod. The apples were pronounced excellent. The child was pronounced out of danger.
b. with simple obj. or objective clause.
1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 491 Wee can not pronounce anie thing certaine of so high a nature as is that of the soule. 1629Donne Serm. xxiv. (1640) 241 Do not pronounce..that every man is in an errour, that thinkes not just as thou thinkest. 1705Stanhope Paraphr. II. 298 Remember, how deceitful Marks all these are to pronounce one's State by. 1860J. W. Warter Sea-board II. 24 He could pronounce nothing..as to the extent of the injury. 1875W. S. Hayward Love agst. World 2 A stranger would at once pronounce that the three young men were brothers.
4. intr. To make a statement or assertion, esp., now always, an authoritative or definite one; to pass judgement, give one's opinion or decision. Now usually const. on or upon; also for (in favour of) or against.
c1425Wyntoun Cron. v. 4282 Huchon of þe Aule Reale..Has tretyt þat mater cunnandly Mar sufficiande þan to pronowns can I. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. lxxiii. ii, They wanton grow, and in malicious vaine Talking of wrong, pronounce as from the skies! 1628T. Spencer Logick 98 This..signifies properly two sentences wch pronounce against each other. Ibid. 158 Some propositions that pronounce of the creature be necessary, and some contingent in their truth. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxvi. 146 Twelve men of the common People..pronounce simply for the Complaynant, or for the Defendant. 1725Watts Logic iii. iii. §1 Some weaker People..pronounce against the Use of the Bark or Opium upon all Occasions whatsoever. 1830Pusey Hist. Enq. ii. 405 He will not presume to pronounce upon the fate of those who lived either under the darkness or the light. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ix. II. 457 The majority..pronounced in favour of William's undertaking. 1859Jephson Brittany xviii. 295 When all France pronounced for atheism and anarchy. 1885Manch. Exam. 29 May 5/3 Nor are we in a position to pronounce on the fairness of the scale fixed.
b. refl. To utter or avow one's opinions or intentions; to declare oneself.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. ii. vi, The mutineers pronounce themselves with a decisiveness, which to Bouillé seems insolence. 1842–3Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (1846) 27 Without pronouncing myself positively upon the question..I think it will be safer to regard the action on Photographic compounds as resulting from a function of light.
II.
5. trans. To give utterance to; to utter, speak, articulate (a word or words); † to make, or produce (a vocal sound) (obs.). Also absol.
1388Wyclif Job xxxiv. 1 And Helyu pronounside and spak also these thingis [Vulg. Pronuntians itaque Eliu, etiam hæc locutus est]. 1390Gower Conf. III. 90 Thurgh notes of acordement, The whiche men pronounce alofte. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) VI. 255 Instructe in the langage of Grece, in whiche..he hade better use to understonde hit then to pronownce hit. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 222 Demosthenes beyng not able to pronounce the firste letter of that arte..but would saie, for Rhetorike, Letolike, vsed to putte little stones vnder his tongue, and so pronounced, whereby he spake at length so plainly, as any manne in the worlde could doe. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 110 Thay can pronunce na voce furth of thair throtis. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 553 Language of Man pronounc't By Tongue of Brute. 1711J. Greenwood Eng. Gram. 300 They say that the Americans bordering on New England..cannot pronounce either an l or r, but use n instead of it. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. ii. 107 When she..pronounced some words that I understood not.
b. With reference to the mode of pronunciation of a letter, syllable, word, or language. Also absol.
c1620A. Hume Brit. Tongue (1865) 9 U the south pronunces, quhen the syllab beginnes or endes at it, as eu, teu for tu, and eunum meunus for unum munus, quhilk..I hoep I sal not need argumentes to prove it wrang. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 381 The word is sometimes pronounc'd with a b. 1712Steele Spect. No. 314 ⁋9 My Friends flatter me, that I pronounced those Words with a tolerable good Accent. 1726Swift Gulliver iv. iii, In speaking, they pronounce through the nose and throat. 1775F. Burney Early Diary (1889) II. 131 He pronounces English quite different from other foreigners. 1861Craik Eng. Lit. I. 253 Wallis..suggested that the origin of this silent e probably was, that it had originally been pronounced, though somewhat obscurely, as a distinct syllable.
6. To deliver, declaim, recite: with reference to the manner. Also absol. Obs. (or passing into 1).
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 342 To se the priest..standing at the aultare, pronouncing al thinges in a strange language. 1602Shakes. Ham. iii. ii. 2 Speake the Speech I pray you, as I pronounc'd it to you trippingly on the Tongue. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. 211 That famous Greek Orator, when he was asked, what was the chief grace or excellency in Rhetorick, what was the second and third; he stil answered, To pronounce wel. [1761Gray Descent of Odin 23 Thrice he..pronounc'd, in accents dread, The thrilling verse that wakes the Dead.]
†b. intr. To deliver a sermon or address; to preach. Obs. rare.
1663Cowley Cutter of Coleman St. iv. v, Brother Abednego, will you not pronounce this Evening-tide before the Congregation of the Spotless in Coleman Street? |