| 释义 |
▪ I. mainprize, n. Obs. exc. Hist.|ˈmeɪnpraɪz|
Forms: 4 meynprize, 4–5 meyn-, maynprise, -pryse, 5 main-, maympris, maynprice, ? maunprese, 5–6 maynpris(e, 6 -prize, mempris, 6–7 main(e)prise, 7– mainprize.
[a. AF., OF. mein-, mainprise, n. of action f. mainprendre (f. main hand + prendre to take: see prize n.), the equivalent of the med.L. manūcapĕre, lit. ‘to take in the hand’, hence ‘to assume responsibility, pledge oneself’.
The Latinized form meinprisa, in the general sense ‘undertaking, promise under penalties’, is cited by Du Cange from an English charter of 1174.]
1. gen. The action of making oneself legally responsible for the fulfilment of a contract or undertaking by another person; suretyship.
1447Waterf. Arch. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 297 No citsayn or freman shal receve none estraungers in pledge or maynprice for ony bargaine. a1500in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 24 That..an English Marchaunt bee not amytted into the fraunches of y⊇ cite of any crafte but be Mempris of vi good men and sufficyent of the crafte.
2. spec. The action of procuring the release of a prisoner by becoming surety (‘mainpernor’) for his appearance in court at a specified time. Chiefly in phr. to let or receive to (or in) mainprize, to deliver upon (or by) mainprize, to nim under mainprize [= AF. laisser par, mettre par meynprise]. without bail or mainprize: with no permission to obtain release by finding sureties. writ of mainprize: see quot. 1768.
By the legal antiquaries of the 16th c., the ‘taking in hand’ etymologically implied by AF. mainprise, med.L. manucaptio, was supposed to denote the act of ‘receiving into friendly custody’ the person who would otherwise have been committed to prison (cf. bail n.1 3), and the later definitions of mainprize and mainpernor, e.g. those of Cowell and Blackstone (see mainpernor) are worded in accordance with this misapprehension.
[1292Britton i. xviii. §1 Les aloygneours soint mis par meynprise jekes en heyre des Justices.] 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xx. 17 Nede anon riȝte nymeth hym vnder meynpryse. a1400Pride of Life (Brandl, 1898) 379 Þer [in hell] ne fallit ne maynpris ne supersidias. c1400Gamelyn 744, I bidde him to maynpris [v.r. maympris] that thou graunte him me Til the nexte sitting of deliveraunce. 1414Rolls of Parlt. IV. 57/2 Sith the tyme that I was resseyved to meynpryse. 1423Ibid. 258/2 Imprisnement of a moneth, withoute baille or mainpris. 1444Ibid. V. 107/1 To abide in Prison..withoute lettyng to maynprise, or in any other wise to go at large. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 4 There shall be no bayle nor treating of mainprise. 1554Act 1 & 2 Phil. & Mary c. 13 §1 The same Justices to be presente together at the tyme of the said Bailement or Mayneprise. 1577J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 137 They should bee committed to the gaole without bayle or mainprise, for the space of three monethes. 1586J. Hooker Hist. Irel. in Holinshed II. 71/2 He afterward deliuered him vpon mainprise of these suerties whose names insue. 1612Davies Why Ireland, etc. 202 Though the Earle of Desmond were left [sic] to Mainprize, vpon condition hee should appeare before the King by a certain day. a1625Sir H. Finch Law (1636) 446 At writ of mainprise to set at liberty one baileable finding baile. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iv. ii. §4 (Petit. agst. Lollards) That they..be..put in Prison, without being delivered in Bail, or otherwise, except by good and sufficient mainprise, to be taken before the Chancellour of England. 1744Act 17 Geo. II, c. 40 §10 There to remain without Bail or Mainprize, until Payment be made. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 128 The writ of mainprize..is a writ directed to the sheriff..commanding him to take sureties for the prisoner's appearance, usually called mainpernors, and to set him at large. a1845Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. iii. House Warming, Taken to jail..without mainprize or bail.
b. fig. and in fig. contexts.
1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy iii. xxv, That of the death stode tho vnder a reste, Without maynpryse sothly as of lyfe. 1631Heylin St. George 42 Without hope of Bayle, or any mercie of mainprise; he must be in Hell. 1636Featly Clavis Myst. xxii. 290 No baile or mainprize from this common prison of all mankinde, the grave. 1663Cowley Cutter Colman St. ii. iv, Come on; I'll send thee presently to Erebus; Without either Bail or Main-prize. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 13 Had she [the ship] given way never so little, we must have sunk without Bail or Mainprize.
3. concr. One's mainpernor or mainpernors.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. iv. 75 And he amendes make let meynprize him haue. 1678Butler Hud. iii. i. 60 He therefore..Resolv'd to leave the Squire for Bail And Mainprize for him to the Goal. 1847Sir H. Taylor Eve of Conquest Wks. 1864 III. 211 He greatly grudged This mainprize of my loyalty to let loose.
▪ II. † ˈmainprize, v. Law. Obs. exc. Hist.
Forms: 4 maynpris, 4–5 -prise, -pryse, meynprise, (5 maynprice, -prese, meyme-, maym-, mempryse, mem-, menprise, maynsprise), 7 mainprise, -prize.
[f. prec.]
trans. To procure or grant the release of (a prisoner) by mainprize; to accept mainpernors for the appearance of. Often fig.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 138 Bot if he to þer baylifes mak his sikernesse, Þat þei wille him maynp[r]is. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. iv. 179 Mede shal nouȝte meynprise ȝow bi the Marie of heuene! 1393Ibid. C. xxi. 189 God hath..graunted to al mankynde, Mercy, my suster, and me to maynprise hem alle. c1440Promp. Parv. 320/1 Maynprysyd, or menprisyd (MS. K. maynsprisid, MS. S. maymprysyd, or memprisyd), manucaptus, fidejussus. a1500H. Medwall Nature (Brandl) ii. 1123 God..Dyd vs..wyth hys own blode maynpryce And vs redemed fro paynes endles. 1598J. Manwood Lawes Forest i. 167. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 857 To mainprize, vadimonio obstringere. 1865S. Dobell Life & Lett. (1878) II. iii. 272 Not Moses only or Elias, But Heaven mainprized, and every standing saint Astonied into marble. 1895Pollock & Maitland Hist. Eng. Law II. ii. ix. 582 If a man was arrested he was usually replevied (replegiatus) or mainprised (manucaptus), that is to say, he was set free so soon as some sureties (plegii) undertook (manuceperunt)..his appearance in court. 1904M. Bateson Borough Customs (Selden Soc.) I. 99 If distress be delivered by pledge or mainprise of any one, if he who is..mainprised does not come to justify himself..let his..mainpernours be distrained to produce him.
¶ Erroneously used for misprize.[The error prob. arose from association of the first syllable with OF. meins, moins less; cf. the spelling maynsprisid in the King's College MS. of Promp. Parv.] c1450Lydg. & Burgh Secrees 2219 He is so trewe no good man may hym mempryse.
Hence † ˈmainprizing vbl. n. = mainprize n. Also † ˈmainprizer = mainpernor.
c1440Promp. Parv. 320/2 Maynprisynge, manucap(t)io. Ibid., Maynprisowre, mancipator [? manucaptor], fide⁓jussor. 1610Holland's Camden's Brit. ii. 176 There was the Earle of Vlster enlarged, who..found mainprisers or sureties to answer the writs of law. |