| 释义 |
maintainer|meɪn-, mənˈteɪnə(r)|
Forms: 4–5 mayn-, meyntenour(e, 4–6 -tener, 5 -tenowre, -tenor, -tynour, -teynour, 6 maintener, -tenour, main-, mayntayner, -teinour, -teiner, -teyner, Sc. main-, man-, menteiner, -teinar, -tenar, -teaner, 7 Sc. mainteener, 9 (Law) maintainor, 6– maintainer.
[ME. mayntenour, a. AF. mayntenour, OF. maintenëor, agent-n. f. maintenir maintain v.; the mod. word is a new formation on maintain v. + -er1.]
1. One who upholds, defends, guards, keeps in being, preserves unharmed (a cause, right, state of things, etc.).
c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 918 Mayntenours of ryght,..Distroyers of errour. 1447O. Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 186 Of crystene feyth a meynteynour. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 34 O where be rulers meynteyners of justyce. 1526Tindale Matt. v. 9 Blessed are the mayntayners of peace. 1579E. K. in Spenser's Sheph. Cal. Ep. Ded., Ma. Phi. Sidney, a special fauourer & maintainer of all kind of learning. c1635Mure Ps. xvi. 6 Mainteener of my lote thow art. 1639Cokaine Masque Dram. Wks. (1874) 11 A great maintainer Of our great-grand-father's virtue—hospitality. 1749Fielding Tom Jones iii. iii, The maintainers of all the different Sects in the world. 1781Johnson Life Cave Wks. IV. 529 A tenacious maintainer, though not a clamorous demander of his right. 1824Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. 66 She a school-mistress, a keeper of silence, a maintainer of discipline! 1840Thirlwall Greece lix. VII. 321 Polysperchon..appears as the maintainer of the rights of Hercules. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 124 The maintainer of justice..is aiming at strengthening the man.
b. In bad sense: One who fosters or supports (wrong-doing, sedition, false quarrels, etc.).
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 288 Mede ys euermore a meyntenour of gyle. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iii. iv. 53 Ye laweours and maynteners of wrong. c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 677 Meyntenours of querelles, horryble lyers. 1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 90 Mayntener of quarels..or other comon mysdoers. 1545Brinklow Complaynt 19 b, Thei be maynteyners of discord for their priuate lukers sake. 1567Satir. Poems Reform. iv. 88 Fostararis of falset..Mantenaris of murther. 1575–85Abp. Sandys Serm. iv. 74 All breeders and maintainers of sedition.
c. Something which maintains or preserves.
1574Newton Health Mag. 23 Breade and Wyne, two of the cheefest mainteiners of mans life. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 374 Outward Heat draweth out their inward Moisture, which should be the Maintainer and Food of their Heat natural. 1696Tryon Misc. i. 3 The Volatile Spirit..is the Essential Life of every thing, and is the maintainer of its Colour.
2. One who upholds or supports in speech or argument, one who contends for the truth or validity of (a doctrine, assertion, tenet, etc.).
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 82 The maynteners of that doctrine, are nother called nor hearde. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iii. 306 This opinion..hath had greate mainteiners. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. I. 349 He was..a principal maintainer of Protestancy. 1738Warburton Div. Legat. I. 404 The Maintainers of the Immateriality of the Divine Substance were likewise divided into two Parties. 1754Edwards Freed. Will iv. xii. 275 Epicurus..maintained no such Doctrine of Necessity, but was the greatest Maintainer of Contingence. 1845Jebb Gen. Law in Encycl. Metrop. (1847) II. 702/1 To quiet the violent contest of two honest maintainers of contrary opinions. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Org. v. 154 The conservative maintainers of the ‘status in quo’ ought to have been called upon to justify..what had actually taken place.
†3. One who gives aid, countenance, or support to another; a defender and helper. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 3222 Now þou comest to reue vs our [socour], Þat scholdest ben oure mayntenour. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 17056 For now lesen thei her mayntenoure And alle the gode that thei owe. c1440Promp. Parv. 320/2 Mayntenowre, manutentor, defensor, supportator, fautor. 1535Coverdale Ezek. xxx. 6 The maynteyners of the londe of Egipte shal fall. 1578Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 504 Thou, Lord, art my maintainer, and the holder up of my head. 1686Goad Celest. Bodies i. ix. 28 Seeing he acts by dependance on Him, as all the Rest do, we must compare None of them to their Maintainer.
†b. In bad sense: One who aids and abets another in wrong-doing or error. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 255 Edward þei cald & teld, þat he was mayntenoure, Þe robbed he all held, as a resceyuour. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 318 Alle ressettours and meynteneris of siche [sc. thieves] wityngly ben cursed. c1440Jacob's Well 59 Heretykes..& alle here mayntenourys or fauourerys. 1495Act II Hen. VII, c. 10 §2 The mayntenours of him or theym so mysdoing. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 456 b, The counsell of Calcedonie deposed Dioscorides the maynteyner of Eutyches from his Byshoprike. 1566–7Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 497 Ane mantenar of wickit and brokin men. 1570Act 13 Eliz. c. 2 §2 All..Aydors, Comforters, or Maynteyners of anye the said..Offendors. 1588A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. 141 Maintenars and patrons of euil doars. 1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. (1634) 467 The Conspirators had neither any mighty partakers in their fact, nor strong maintainers of their persons. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 233 The aiders, maintainers and concealers, who shall not within twenty daies..disclose the same to some Justice of Peace.
4. Law. One who unlawfully supports a suit in which he is not concerned. Cf. maintenance 6.
1399Langl. Rich. Redeles ii. 78 That no manere meyntenour shulde merkis bere, Ne haue lordis leuere the lawe to apeire. 1503Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 13 Punishment of the Maintainers and Embracers of the Jurors. 1531–2Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 3 Vnlawfull maintenours embrasours and Jurours. 1875Stubbs Const. Hist. (1896) III. xxi. 550 The maintainers of false causes, whether they were barons or lawyers, became very early the object of severe legislation. 1898Encycl. Laws Eng. (ed. Renton) VIII. 74 The maintainor must have some special interest other than that of the public at large.
5. One who provides (a person) with the requisites of life; † one who keeps a mistress.
1632Massinger City Madam iv. ii, Be assur'd first Of a new maintainer e're you cashire the old one. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 199 The Clergie, who are the chief maintainers of these Ganimedes. 1692Washington tr. Milton's Def. Pop. iii. Wks. 1851 VIII. 76 Plato would not have..the People [called] Servants, but Maintainers of their Magistrates, because they give Meat, Drink, and Wages to their Kings themselves. 1870Echo 12 Nov., Every thief his own maintainer, every prisoner his own reformer.
†6. ? A mine-owner. Obs.
1747Hooson Miner's Dict. Y iij, I could wish that some of the Cross Carping Maintainers might try the difference of these two Airs.
7. Watchmaking. An apparatus for keeping the movement of a clock or watch from being interrupted during the process of winding.
1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 167 In some of Arnold's watches is a continuous maintainer. |