| 释义 |
malathion|mæləˈθaɪən|
[The substance is manufactured from diethyl maleate (an ester of maleic acid) and a thio-acid (see s.v. thio-).
The name orig. proposed was malathon (see quot. 19532). Later malathion was registered in the U.S. both as a generic (i.e. non-proprietary) name and as a trade-mark of the American Cyanamid Co.]
An organophosphorus insecticide which is relatively harmless to plants and animals; in commercial preparations it is a brownish liquid with a strong smell of garlic and is also used in the form of a powder.
1953Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 14 Apr. 322/2 American Cyanamid Company... Malathion For Insecticide. 1953Substitution of Malathion for Malathon as a Coined (Generic) Name for the Insecticidal Chemical O,O-Dimethyl Dithiophosphate of Diethyl Mercaptosuccinate (Interdepartmental Comm. Pest Control, Bureau Entomol. & Plant Quarantine, U.S. Dept. Agric.), On January 30, 1952 the Interdepartmental Committee on Pest Control approved the name ‘malathon’ as coined name for O,O-dimethyl dithiophosphate of diethyl mercaptosuccinate. Because of difficulty encountered in the trade⁓marking of the name selected at first the commercial sponsor, American Cyanamid Co., decided to change the name to ‘malathion’. The American Chemical Society and the American Medical Association are agreeable to the change. Malathion has been registered with the Trade-Mark Division and released for general use. On March 27, 1953, the Interdepartmental Committee on Pest Control approved the name ‘malathion’ as a coined (generic) name for the chemical in question. 1955Sci. News Let. 3 Sept. 157/1 The insecticides DDT, EPN, heptachlor and malathion have been tested in granular forms. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 19 Jan. 119/3 However, as a cure [for red mite in woodwork], it is best to use a B.H.C. or malathion preparation. 1964Which? Apr. 114/1 The organophosphorus compounds, such as dimethoate, malathion, menazon, are mainly poisonous to sucking insects, such as greenfly. 1968M. Pyke Food & Society viii. 119 It is reckoned that whereas 0·5, 0·06, 9 and 1·2 micrograms of DDT, lindane, malathion and carbaryl are ingested for each kilogram of human body weight, the least amounts of these pesticides likely to be harmful are 10, 12, 14 and 20 micrograms respectively. |