| 释义 |
Malay, n. and a.|məˈleɪ|
Also 6 Malayo, Melayo, 8 Malaya.
[repr. the native name, Malay malāyu.]
A. n.
1. a. One of a race predominating in Malacca and the Eastern Archipelago, a Malayan; more strictly one of those who call themselves by this name and speak the Malay language.
1598W. Phillips tr. Linschoten xviii. 31/2 The Malayos [Du. De Malayos] of Malacca say, that the first originall or beginning of Malacca hath bene but of late yeares. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. II. xliii. 121 The Natives of the Island are, as most other Malayas, very treacherous. 1840Penny Cycl. XVIII. 328/1 In person the Malays are short, squat, and robust. 1847Tennyson Princess ii. 142 The highest is the measure of the man, And not the Kaffir, Hottentot, Malay. 1867Spectator 26 Jan. 101/1 As..murderous as a quick-tempered Malay. 1883I. L. Bird Golden Chersonese Introd. 17 The Malays proper inhabit the Malay Peninsula, and almost all the coast regions of Borneo and Sumatra.
b. spec. in S. Afr. One of the Muslim community of Cape Town and adjoining districts (see quots. 1944 and 1972). In full, Cape Malay.
1785tr. Sparrman's Voyage to Cape of Good Hope I. 12 The burial grounds of the Chinese and free Malays that live at the Cape. 1812A. Plumptre tr. Lichtenstein's Trav. S. Afr. I. i. ii. 28 This practice receives great encouragement from the natural inclination that the slaves, particularly the Malays, have to music. 1844J. Backhouse Narr. Visit Mauritius & S. Afr. v. 82 The religion of the False Prophet was introduced into the Colony by the importation of Malacca slaves, by the Dutch. Hence the terms Malay and Mahomedan became synonymous in the Colony. 1944I. D. Du Plessis Cape Malays i. 1 Strictly speaking ‘Malay’ stands for that section of the local Muslim community in which the descendants of Malay slaves and political exiles are to be found. 1972Standard Encycl. S. Afr. VII. 145/2 Coming from Java and the neighbouring Indonesian islands, the Cape Malays belong essentially to the Javanese and Balinese section of the Malay race.
2. The language spoken by the Malays; the Malay language. (Cf. Malays.)
1598W. Phillips tr. Linschoten xviii. 31/2 And this speech called Melayo [Du. Malayo] is reported to be the most courteous and seemelie speech of all the Orient. 1883I. L. Bird Golden Chersonese Introd. 19 Malay is the lingua franca of the Straits Settlements. 1883Encycl. Brit. XV. 325/1 Malay is essentially..a dissyllabic language.
3. Short for Malay fowl.
1830‘B. Moubray’ Dom. Poultry (ed. 6) 17 The Chittagong or Malay, another Indian variety. 1867Tegetmeier Poultry Bk. 76 The plumage in Malays is short and close.
B. adj.
a. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Malays or their country.
1779Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 8 They knew not a word of the Malay tongue. 1840Penny Cycl. XVIII. 328/1 Words..derived from the Malay language. 1850Gordon Cumming S. Africa (1902) 34/2 Handkerchiefs..of a striped red and green colour, usually called Malay handkerchiefs. 1883I. L. Bird Golden Chersonese Introd. 23 Cock-fighting..is the popular Malay sport.
b. In the names of plants, animals, etc. native in the Malay Peninsula, e.g. Malay apple, a myrtaceous tree, Jambosa (Eugenia) malaccensis, with an edible fruit; Malay camphor, Borneo camphor (see Borneo); Malay cat (see quot. 1881); Malay fowl, a large variety of domestic fowl introduced from the Malay peninsula; Malay porcupine, Atherura fasciculata; Malay tapir, the Asiatic or Indian Tapir, Tapirus malayanus.
1820Sir S. Raffles in Trans. Linnean Soc. (1822) XIII. 270 The Malay Tapir resembles in form the American. 1829Loudon Encycl. Plants 416 Eugenia malaccensis. Malay Apple-tr. 1833W. B. Dickson Poultry (1847) 9 The Malay, or Chittagong Fowl. These fowls have remarkably long legs, and large bones... The colour of the feathers is black, or very dark brown, streaked with yellow. 1837Penny Cycl. IX. 163/1 It is commonly called Malay Camphor, or Camphor of Barus, from the port of Sumatra whence it is mostly shipped. 1840Paxton Bot. Dict., Malay Apple, see Jambosa malaccensis. 1849D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yard 37 The Kulm, or Great Malay Fowl. 1873L. Wright Illustr. Bk. Poultry xxi. 297 The finest breed of Malay Game cock (using the word Malay in this case to express locality, and not the breed now so-called). 1881Mivart Cat i. 7 In Pegu, Siam, and Burmah, there is a race of cats—the Malay Cat—with tails only of half the ordinary length.
c. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the Cape Malays.
1881Cape Monthly Mag. Mar. 192 A Malay hat. 1953Du Plessis & Lückhoff Malay Quarter 9 A Malay wedding. 1974S. Afr. Panorama Mar. 7 The oldest of its two gables, dated 1800, is..reputedly the work of a Malay craftsman. |