| 释义 |
malkin, mawkin Obs. exc. dial.|ˈmɔːkɪn|
Forms: α. 3 malekin, 4–7 malkyn, 5 malkyne, 6–8 maulkin, 7 maulken, malkine, malking, mol-kin, 4– malkin. β. 6 maukyn, mawkine, 6–9 maukin, 6–8 mauking, 8 Sc. mawking, 6– mawkin.
[A familiar diminutive of Matilda, Maud (ME. Maalde, Malde): see -kin.]
†1. Used as a female personal name; applied typically to a woman of the lower classes, esp. in various proverbial expressions. Obs.
c1275Lutel Sermun 54 in O. E. Misc. 188 Ne þeos prude ȝungemen Þat luuieþ malekin, And þeos prude maidenes Þat luuieþ Ianekin. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. i. 158 Ȝe naue no more movit in masse ne in houres Then Malkyn of hire maydenhod that no mon desyreth. c1386Chaucer Man of Law's Prol. 30 It wol nat come agayn with outen drede Na moore than wole Malkynes maydenhede Whan she hath lost it in hir wantownesse. c1440Promp. Parv. 323/2 Malkyne, or Mawt, propyr name..Matildis. 1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 26 Whan I wyld the any other where to go, Tushe, there was no mo maydes but malkyn tho. 1564J. Martiall Treat. Cross iv. 67 A goodly reason by S. Mary, not much vnlieke to an old mother Maukyns talk. 1579Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 37 There are more houses then Parishe Churches, more maydes then Maulkin. 1602Breton Wond. worth Hearing (Grosart) 8/2 Holding out her chinne and drawing in her mouth (lyke Malkins olde Mare). 1670Ray Prov. 118 There are more maids then maukin.
†b. The proper name of a female spectre or demon. (In 17th. c. app. associated with sense 5 a.)
c1207Ralph of Coggeshalle Chron. Angl. (Rolls) 120–1 [A spectre in the form of a female child said that it was called ‘Malekin’]. 1604Middleton Witch iii. iii, Fire. Hark, hark, the Catt sings a brave treble in Her owne language. Hec. (going up) Now I goe, now I flie, Malkin my sweete spirit and I. 1605Shakes. Macb. i. i. 9, I come, Gray-Malkin!
†c. = Maid Marian. Obs.
1619Fletcher M. Thomas ii. ii, You must turne tippet, And suddenly..Put on the shape of order and humanity, Or you must marry Malkyn the May Lady.
2. An untidy female, esp. a servant or country wench; a slut, slattern, drab; occas. a lewd woman.
α1586Warner Alb. Eng. ii. ix. (1612) 41 Euen Carters Malkines will disdaine when Gentrie will digest. 1604Middleton Ant & Night. To Rdr., None can iustly except at me but some riotous vomiting Kit, or some Gentleman-swallowing Mol-kin. 1607Shakes. Cor. ii. i. 224 The Kitchin Malkin pinnes Her richest Lockram 'bout her reechie necke. 1652J. Wright tr. Camus' Nat. Paradox vi. 114, I should bee too long if I should relate in what manner those subtile Wits inveagled the simplicity of those silly Maulkins. For I haue heard these Court-Ladies allow Large pensions to their Paramors. 1762Lond. Mag. Apr. 205/1 Now monst'rous in hoop, now trapish, and walking With your petticoats clung to your heels, like a maulkin. 1871Tennyson Last Tourn. 629 The swineherd's malkin.
β1600Breton Pasquill's Mad-Cappe (1626) B, The Chuffe that sits and champes upon his chaffe May have his Mawkin kisse him like a mare. a1625Fletcher Chances iii. i, Thou took'st me up at every word I spoke, As I had been a Mawkin, a flurt Gillian. 1702Vanbrugh False Friend i. i, The dull heavy-tail'd maukin melts him down with her modesty. a1745Swift Ballyspellin (Answ.) viii. Wks. 1765 XIV. 231 Your mawkins there, smocks hempen wear. 1847Tennyson Princess v. 25 A draggled mawkin,..That tends her bristled grunters in the sludge.
attrib.1642Milton Apol. Smect. vi. 33 Her maukin knuckles were never shapen to that royall buskin.
†b. An effeminate man. Obs.
1468Medulla Gram. in Promp. Parv. 323/2 Gallinacius, i. homo debilis, a malkyn, and a capoun.
3. A mop; a bundle of rags fastened to the end of a stick; esp. that used to clean out a baker's oven. Obs. exc. dial.
α14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 616/12 Tersorium, a swepelles (a malkyn). c1440Promp. Parv. 323/2 Malkyne, mappyl, or oven swepare,..dossorium, tersorium. 1590[Tarlton] News Purgat. (Shaks. Soc.) 59 He helde betweene both his hands a durty malkin, such as Bakers sweepe their ovens withall. 1596Nashe Saffron Walden 135 Shee will..haue a handfull of his beard..for a maulkin or wispe to wype her shooes with. 1611Cotgr., Vuaudrée, a maulkin, or the clowt wherewith an Ouen is made cleane. 1620Markham Farew. Husb. (1625) 96 Blacke, foule, and ugly like bakers malkins. 1792Wolcot (P. Pindar) Royal Tour Wks. 1812 III. 324 Of Royalty the Purple Robe so grand They to a Malkin turn, to wipe their shoes. 1796Grose's Dict. Vulg. Tongue (ed. 3), Malkin or Maulkin,..also a parcel of rags fastened to the end of a stick, to clean an oven. 1880Jefferies Gt. Estate 153 The malkin, being wetted, cleaned out the ashes [from the oven].
β1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong., Waudrée, or escouillon, the clout wherewith they clense or sweepe the Ouen, called a Maukin. 1598R. Bernard tr. Terence, Eunuch iv. vii, Dost thou think to fight with a mauking that thou bringst it hither. 1607Dekker Knts. Conjur. (1842) 42 A beard filthier then a bakers mawkin that he sweepes his ouen. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Jacke-a-Lent Wks. i. 115/1 An Ensigne made of a piece of a Bakers mawkin fixed vpon a Broome-staffe. 1694Burnaby Sat. Petronius Arbiter 84 Do you remember..the Story of Ulysses, how a Cyclop put his Thumb out of Joint with a Mawkin? 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Bake-house, Peels, Cole-Rakes, Maukins.
b. Naut. ‘A joint-staff sponge, for cleaning out a piece of ordnance’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.).
4. A scarecrow (also fig.); a ragged puppet or grotesque effigy; a ‘guy’. Obs. exc. dial.
α1633T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 7 I. 632 A Malking frights a child, a man contemnes it. 1638Nabbes Cov. Gard. v. vi. 71, Ralph... What are you Sir? Spruce. A Gentleman Vsher. Ralph. You're a Malkin of mock-Gentry, made up of silke and vaine-glory. 1640― Bride i. iv, You malkin of suburb authority set up only to fright crows. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Malkin or Maukin, a scarecrow. a1734North Exam. ii. iv. §5 (1740) 233 Then he mounted up the Maulkin to be viewed round, though nothing was to be seen or understood of it from him, more than of a scare Crow, that is the Rags and Trumpery it was garnished with. 1748Earthquake Peru i. 82 A Basket from which issued a Puppet, or Maulkin. 1866Kingsley Herew. II. iv. 65 He must fight it out henceforth not with a straw malkin like thee.
β1687Congreve Old Bach. iii. vi, Thou Maukin, made up of the Shreds and Pairings of his [thy Master's] superfluous Fopperies. 1710Brit. Apollo II. No. 86. 3/1 Were you hang'd for a Mauking on a Tree. 1710Swift Jrnl. to Stella 13 Dec., Dressing up a hat on a stick and calling it Harley; then..discharging a pistol with the other [hand] at the maukin. 1712Pol. Ball. (1860) II. 121 You for your bonfires mawkins dress'd On good Queen Bess's day. 1742H. Walpole Lett. H. Mann (1834) I. 124 The first thing I beheld was a Mawkin in a chair, with three footmen and a label on the breast inscribed Lady Mary. 1776S. J. Pratt Pupil Pleas. (ed. 2) I. lviii. 236 And Dost thou, after all, boggle at a shadow—a maukin—at conscience? 1791Beckford tr. Pop. Tales Germans II. 82 Just..a mawkin suspended amongst pease to scare away the voracious sparrows. 1818Lamb Inconven. fr. being Hanged, Like a maukin, fit only to scare away birds. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede vi, You knew no more..than the mawkin i' the field. 1898Rider Haggard in Longm. Mag. Dec. 127 Hood promises to set up some mawkins to fright them.
Comb.a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew s.v., Hence Malkin-trash, for one in a rueful Dress, enough to Fright one.
5. As a designation for certain animals: sometimes as quasi-proper name.
a. A cat. dial.
Grimalkin occurs in Baldwin's Beware the Cat, 1561–82.
1673Cotton Voy. Irel. ii. Poems (1689) 182 We went, and e'er Malkin could well lick her ear..forsooth, we were there. 1785Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, Malkin, or Maulkin, a general name for a cat. 1876Whitby Gloss.
b. Sc. and north. dial. A hare.
1724Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 61 Skipping like a mawking. 1785Burns Vision i. i, The sun had clos'd the winter day,..An' hunger'd Maukin taen her way To kail-yards green. 1786― Tam Samson's Elegy vii, Ye Maukins, cock your fud fu' braw, Withouten dread. 1793in Lockhart Scott vii, I'll send ye a maukin the morn, man. 1818Blackw. Mag. IV. 65 He [a sportsman] would probably be as much gratified by the discovery of mawkin, as the Astronomer would be by the discovery of a constellation. 1895Crockett Men of Moss Hags xlvii, Once they raised, as it had been a poor maukin, a young lad that ran from them. |