| 释义 |
▪ I. mandible, n. Now only Anat. and Zool.|ˈmændɪb(ə)l|
Also 7 -uble, 7–8 -able.
[ad. late L. mandibula, -ulum, f. mandĕre to masticate. Cf. OF. mandible, mod.F. mandibule.]
A jaw or jaw-bone; esp. the lower jaw (in mammals and fishes).
1548–77Vicary Anat. v. (1888) 41 The bones..of the Cheekes, be two:..of the vpper Mandibile, two. c1560Misogonus iii. iii. 82 (Brandl) A neighboure of yours Which is payned in hir mandible with a wormetone toth. 1623Cockeram, Manduble, the iaw-bone wherein the teeth be set. 1674J. Josselyn Voy. New Eng. 185 Rub the mandible with it. c1675R. Cromwell Let. in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1898) XIII. 93 The nose of the skull, with an upper mandable. 1707Sloane Jamaica I. p. cxxxii, The swelling..being not so much in the throat, as mandibles and cheeks. 1770G. White Selborne xxvii. 76 With their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they [hedgehogs] bore under the plant. 1854Emerson Lett. & Soc. Aims, Comic Wks. (Bohn) III. 210 To put something for mastication between the upper and lower mandibles. 1872Mivart Elem. Anat. 86 The lower jawbone, or Mandible, consists of a curved osseous band.
b. In birds, (usually) either part, upper or lower, of the beak; but by some restricted to the lower jaw (see quot. 1893).
1686Plot Staffordsh. 234 The Mandibles [of a Raven] crossing one another, like those of the..Crossbill. 1766Pennant Zool. (1768) II. 477 A loose skin..reaches from the upper mandible round the eyes [of the cormorant]. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. vii. (1879) 137 The lower mandible, differently from every other bird, is an inch and a half longer than the upper. 1865Livingstone Zambesi iv. 100 Flocks of scissor-bills..ploughing the water with their lower mandibles. 1893Newton Dict. Birds 534 Mandible (Lat. Mandibula), the lower jaw in Birds. Ibid. 539 Maxilla, a rather slender bone..forming part of the lateral margin of what is often called the Upper Mandible.
c. In insects, either half of the upper or anterior pair of jaws.
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. 429 The mandibles close the mouth on each side under the labrum or upper-lip. 1859Darwin Orig. Spec. iv. (1873) 69 Male stag-beetles sometimes bear wounds from the huge mandibles of other males. 1874Lubbock Wild Flowers i. 13 The mouth of an insect is composed of an upper lip, an under lip, a pair of anterior jaws or mandibles.
▪ II. † mandible, a. Obs. rare.|ˈmændɪb(ə)l|
[ad. L. *mandibil-is, f. mandĕre to chew: see -ible.]
Capable of being chewed or eaten.
1656Blount Glossogr., Mandible, eatable, or that may be eaten. 1671–80R. Head Eng. Rogue i. iv. (1680) 39 Their Geese, Hens, Pigs, or any such mandible thing we met with. |