| 释义 |
▪ I. mangrove1|ˈmæŋgrəʊv|
Also 7 mangrowe, mangrave.
[Of obscure history. Synonymous words app. connected are Pg. mangue (16th c.), Sp. mangle (Oviedo 1535, who applies it to S. American species), whence F. manglé (16th c.), later mangle (now applied to the fruit only, the name of the tree being manglier). The Malay maŋgi-maŋgi mangrove (not now current in the Malay Peninsula, but recorded in early Dicts.) is usually regarded as the ultimate source, but it is difficult to account on this view for the early appearance of Sp. mangle referring to America. The Eng. forms mangrowe, -grave are unexplained (but cf. the word-play in quot. 1613); the mod. form is doubtless due to assimilation to grove n.]
1. Any tree or shrub of the genus Rhizophora, or the allied genus Bruguiera (family Rhizophoraceæ); esp. the common mangrove, R. Mangle.
The genus Rhizophora is extensively represented in both hemispheres. The species are all tropical, growing in the mud on the sea-shore down to low-water-mark; they have large masses of interlacing roots above ground, which intercept mud and weeds, and thus cause the land to encroach on the sea. red mangrove (see also 2 d): a name given to a West Indian variety of the Common Mangrove, formerly separated as R. Candel; also in Australia, to Bruguiera rheedii.
1613W. C. Plain Descr. Barmudas F 2 b, Amongst all the rest there growes a kinde of tree called Mangrowes, they grow very strangely, & would make a man wonder to see the manner of their growing. 1657R. Ligon Barbadoes 72 The mangrave is a tree of such note as she must not be forgotten. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. 151 Low swampy Land, overgrown with Red Mangroves. 1772–84Cook's Voy. (1790) I. 193 A large lagoon, by the sides of which grows the true mangrove, such as is found in the West-Indies. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. xxi. 498 The channel..was bordered on each side by mangroves, which sprang like a miniature forest out of the greasy mud-banks. 1889J. H. Maiden Usef. Native Plants 316 Bruguiera Rheedii..Red Mangrove.
¶ Ligon's description of the ‘mangrave’ confuses it (as Sloane pointed out) with the Mahoe (see mahoe1 1). Hence some later writers have applied the name mangrove-tree to the Mahoe.
2. Applied, on account of similarity of habit and appearance, to various other plants.
a. Any tree or shrub of the genus Avicennia (family Verbenaceæ), esp. the white mangrove (A. officinalis) found in Brazil and Australasia, and the black mangrove or olive mangrove (A. nitida) of tropical America and Africa.
b. button mangrove, a small W. African tree, Conocarpus erectus (family Combretaceæ). Also called Zaragoza mangrove (Treas. Bot. 1866).
c. white mangrove, Laguncularia racemosa (family Combretaceæ), found in the West Indies.
d. In Australasia (see Morris Austral. Eng 1898) used with various qualifications in the names of certain plants indigenous or cultivated there, as milky mangrove, Excœcaria Agallocha (family Euphorbiaceæ); native mangrove (in Tasmania), a leguminous tree, Acacia longifolia; red mangrove (see also 1), Heritiera littoralis (family Sterculiaceæ); river mangrove, an East Indian tree, ægiceras majus (family Myrsineæ), naturalized in Australia; rope mangrove, Hibiscus arboreus.
1683J. Poyntz Tobago 29 White Mangrove is of little use, save only to make Ropes with. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. 54 The black Mangrove is the largest Tree. 1750G. Hughes Barbados 199 It is called the Rope-Mangrove, from the Use that is made of the Bark of it to make Ropes or Halters for Cattle. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 238 Avicennia tomentosa, the White Mangrove of Brazil. 1887C. A. Moloney Forestry W. Afr. 352 Button Mangrove (Conocarpus erecta, Jacq.). 1889J. H. Maiden Usef. Native Plants 555 Heritiera littoralis..‘Red Mangrove’ of Queensland.
3. attrib., as mangrove bark, mangrove bush, mangrove jungle, mangrove root, mangrove swamp, mangrove thicket, mangrove tree, mangrove wood; mangrove cascabel, a South American rattlesnake; mangrove crab, some kind of crustacean of Jamaica; mangrove cuckoo, a North American cuckoo, Coccyzus minor; mangrove family, the Rhizophoraceæ; mangrove fly, a West African dipterous insect, Chrysops dimidiatus; mangrove-grape (tree) ? Obs., ? Coccoloba uvifera; mangrove-hen, in Jamaica, a species of rail, probably Rallus longirostris; mangrove-myrtle, an Indian myrtaceous tree, Barringtonia acutangula; mangrove oyster, an edible oyster which grows upon the submerged roots of mangroves; mangrove snapper, a sparoid fish, Lutjanus aurorubens, native of the West Indies and the adjacent coast of America northward to South Carolina; mangrove tannin, a soluble extract of the bark of the mangrove.
1792Act 32 Geo. III, c. 49 §2 Red *Mangrove Bark is subject to a Duty. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 1085, I have tried many other drugs..including..mangrove bark.
1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 718 Low sandy islands and marshes, covered with *mangrove bushes.
1871Kingsley At Last xiii, We found..two large snakes... They were, the Negros told us, ‘Dormillons’, or ‘*Mangrove Cascabel’, a species as yet, I believe, undescribed.
1756P. Browne Jamaica (1789) 422 The *Mangrove-Crab. This species is very common.
1782Latham Gen. Syn. Birds I. ii. 537 *Mangrove Cuckow. 1859S. F. Baird Catal. N. Amer. Birds 71 (Smithsonian Misc. Collect. II) Coccygus minor Cab. Mangrove Cuckoo.
1883C. A. Moloney W. Afr. Fisheries 42 (Fish. Exh. Publ.), The trees on which oysters are usually to be found in the tropics are of the *mangrove family.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 1067 A blood-sucking dipterous insect—Chrysops dimidiatus the ‘*mangrove fly’.
1696Sloane Catal. Plant. Jamaica 184 The *Mangrove Grape-tree. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. App., Mangrove-grape [identified with the Guajabara or ‘seaside-grape’]. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 313 Grape, Mangrove, Polygonum.
1842Hill in Gosse Birds Jamaica (1847) 367, I..found that the *Mangrove-hens had been searching for small crabs.
1849E. B. Eastwick Dry Leaves 210 The North Point of the Richel mouth, which is covered with *mangrove jungle.
1847Leichhardt Jrnl. Overland Exped. ix. 289 As its foliage and the manner of its growth resemble the mangrove, we called it the *mangrove-myrtle.
1683J. Poyntz Tobago 23 The *Mangrove Oyster. 1883C. A. Moloney W. Afr. Fisheries 42 (Fish. Exh. Publ.), Mangrove oysters are not as much sought after as bed or rock oysters.
1699W. Dampier Voy. II. ii. 17 The *Mangrove-Roots that grow by the sides of the Creeks are loaden with them [sc. Oysters].
1734Mortimer in Phil. Trans. XXXVIII. 316 The *Mangrove Snapper [printed Suapper]. It is esteemed pretty good Food. 1884G. B. Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Usef. Aquatic Anim. I. 397 The ‘Mangrove Snapper’ of Charleston..is a much more slender..fish.
1851–6Woodward Mollusca 298 In the mud of rivers, and in *mangrove swamps.
1894Nation (N.Y.) 6 Sept. 176/3 *Mangrove-tannin comes principally from India.
1851H. Melville Whale xii. 61 A low tongue of land, covered with *mangrove thickets.
1672W. Hughes Amer. Physician 98 This tree is [in Jamaica] most familiarly called the *Mangrove-Tree, or by some the Oyster-Tree. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. 54 There are 3 sorts of Mangrove-Trees, black, red and white.
1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! xx, A low line of *mangrove-wood, backed by primaeval forest.
▪ II. mangrove2
An alleged name of a fish.
1828–32in Webster (citing Pennant). |