| 释义 |
mania|ˈmeɪnɪə|
[a. L. mania, a. Gr. µανία, related to µαίνεσθαι (:—*manye-) to be mad, f. wk.-grade of the Indogermanic root *men-, represented in many words referring to mental states, emotions, etc. (cf. esp. Gr. µῆνις rage, µένος mood, passion): see mind n. In 14–17th c. rarely in the Fr. form manie.]
1. a. Mental derangement characterized by great excitement, extravagant delusions and hallucinations, and, in its acute stage, by great violence. Now a more general term for a condition of over-excitement and restless activity, usually denominated according to its severity (see quot. 1971). Cf. hypermania, hypomania.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 266, & wiþinne .iij. daies Mania come to hir and was oute of hir witt. 1547Boorde Brev. Health ccxx. (1557) 75 Mania is the greke. In latin it is named Insania or Furor. In Englishe it is named a madnes or wodnes lyke a wylde beaste. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 207 Some in Mania or Melancholy madnesse, have attempted the same. 1788‘A. Pasquin’ Childr. Thespis (1792) 62 As the Magi their foul incantations prepare, And with seeds of the mania impregnate the air! 1853Carpenter Princ. Hum. Physiol. (ed. 4) §830 The state of Mania..is usually characterized by the combination of complete derangement of the intellectual powers, with passionate excitement upon every point which in the least degree affects the feelings. 1925J. Riviere et al. tr. Freud's Coll. Papers IV. 164 The most remarkable peculiarity of melancholia, and one most in need of explanation, is the tendency it displays to turn into mania accompanied by a completely opposite symptomatology. 1969Ullmann & Krasner Psychol. Approach Abnormal Behavior ii. xxi. 417/1 A person may gradually progress from hypomania to delirious mania over time, or the delirious mania may, in rare instances, be emitted without a ‘warm-up’ period. 1971T. Roberts Handbk. Psychiatric Nurses ii. 62 Mania. There are four main types:—Hypomania... Acute mania, producing a wild frenzied aggressive attack of excitement and over activity. Chronic mania sometimes called Scott's mania. Hypermania: delirious or Bell's mania. 1973Sci. Amer. Sept. 117/3 Mania is manifested by psychic elation, increased motor activity, rapid speech and the quick flight of ideas. The stigmata of depression are melancholia, the slowing of thought, unusual thought content (for example overwhelming guilt over imagined transgressions and delusions of rotting away), motor retardation, sleep disturbances and preoccupation with bodily complaints.
b. Applied rarely to a similar condition in lower animals.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 272, I judged him [a horse] to be vexed with a melancholy madness called of the Physitians Mania, or rather Melancholia. 1879W. L. Lindsay Mind Lower Anim. I. 97 They [bees] are..liable to..temporary epidemic excitement, delirium, or mania.
c. Inspired frenzy or madness. rare.
1886C. A. Briggs Messianic Proph. i. 12 The prophetic mania comes upon a man like Saul.
2. a. Great excitement or enthusiasm resembling madness. Chiefly with a or the: A vehement passion or desire; also, in weaker sense (after F. manie), a ‘craze’, ‘rage’. Const. for, of. Also, a period of great excitement affecting a body of persons.
1689Evelyn Corr. (1879) III. 443 So vaine a thing it is to set ones heart vpon any thing of this nature with that passion & mania, that unsatiable Earle..did, to the detriment of his estate and family. 1791–1823D'Israeli Cur. Lit. (1858) III. 303 At the restoration of letters,..there prevailed a mania for burying spurious antiquities. 1807C. W. Janson Stranger Amer. 385 The mania of land speculation. 1815W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 243 Catalogues, with a few annotations on the mania of portrait collectors. 1837H. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 199, I was told at Washington..that ‘the people of New England do good by mania’. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xix. IV. 322 A mania of which the symptoms were essentially the same with those of the mania of 1720..seized the public mind. 1878Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 122 A prudent man would never invest in any new thing during a mania or bubble. 1879McCarthy Own Times II. xxiii. 196 He had a detestation for democratic doctrines which almost amounted to a mania. 1884Gilmour Mongols 149 The mania which possesses the Mongols for making pilgrimages.
b. with qualifying word prefixed, indicating the kind of ‘mania’, as railway mania, tulip mania, etc.
1777in N. E. Hist. & Gen. Reg. (1872) XXVI. 259 The rage for building in England..is somewhat similar to the tulip mania in Holland. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 600 During the rage of the paper currency mania. 1896Godey's Mag. (U.S.) Apr. 448/1 The heart mania has extended to the watch, a favorite design showing two linked hearts set with pearls. 1903Daily Chron. 13 Oct. 5/1 In the last decade of that century a canal mania raged, in many ways resembling the railway mania of some sixty years ago. |