| 释义 |
▪ I. marine, a. and n.|məˈriːn|
Also 4 -yn, 5–6 -yne, 7 marrine.
[a. F. marin (fem. marine) = Sp., It. marino (fem. -a), Pg. marinho:—L. marīn-us, f. mari-, mare sea.
The present pronunciation with |-iːn| instead of |-aɪn| is due to the influence of the Fr. fem. marine. Owing to the non-occurrence of the word in rimes, it is not possible to say when this pronunciation arose.]
A. adj.
1. a. Of or belonging to the sea; existing or found in the sea; produced by the sea; Zool. inhabiting the high seas, pelagic.
marine band: a geological horizon containing fossils of marine origin situated between horizons of freshwater origin. marine rainbow: a rainbow formed on sea-spray. marine sauce: a name for the common laver, Porphyra vulgaris (Treas. Bot. 1866).
c1420Pallad. on Husb. xi. 291 Of see quyete vptaketh they maryne Water purest. 1484Caxton Fables of Poge v, Ther was fond within a grete Ryuer a monstre maryn or of the see. 1592Kyd Sol. & Pers. i. iii. 80 The earth is my Countrey, As the aire to the fowle, or the marine moisture To the red guild fish. 1637Heywood Royal Ship 28 Then, O you marine Gods, who with amaze On this stupendious worke (emergent) gaze. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Rainbow, The marine or sea-bow is a phænomenon sometimes observed in a much agitated sea. 1832H. T. De la Beche Geol. Man. (ed. 2) 219 Several marine shells are discovered in these strata. 1833Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 145 The term ‘marine alluvium’ is, perhaps, admissible if confined to banks of shingle thrown up like the Chesil bank, or to materials cast up by a wave of the sea upon the land, or those which a submarine current has left in its track. 1855W. S. Dallas Syst. Nat. Hist. II. 176 The Bernicle Geese..are marine in their habits, and feed..upon Algæ [etc.]. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 181 Marine denudation is not equally active at all depths of the sea. 1920W. Gibson Coal in Gt. Brit. xxii. 277 With the exception of the marine fauna of Skipsey's Marine Band and of that above the Slaty Band Ironstone, the invertebrate fauna is not of much variety. 1939Raistrich & Marshall Nature & Orig. Coal Seams ii. 33 The remains of fresh-water or marine shells are less common, forming when they occur in quantity ‘mussel bands’ and ‘marine bands’. 1969Bennison & Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles ix. 224 The marine horizons (called marine bands) are sometimes of great lateral extent.
†b. Old Chem. Applied to substances obtainable from the sea. marine alkali: soda. marine salt: common salt, sodium chloride; later, any salt of ‘marine acid’, a chloride. marine acid: the acid obtained from ‘marine salt’, hydrochloric acid. dephlogisticated or oxygenated marine acid or gas: chlorine. marine ether: chloric ether. marine epsom: magnesium chloride. marine selenite: calcium chloride. Obs.
1605Timme Quersit. i. v. D 2 b, Three kindes of Salts: namely, the marine and fixed..the Niterus..and the Armoniac. 1758Reid tr. Macquer's Chym. I. 306 The affinity which Mercury hath with the Marine Acid. 1790Wedgwood in Phil. Trans. LXXX. 313 Crystals of marine alkali, melted and dried. 1791Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing I. i. i. iii. 46 The properties of oxygenated marine acid. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. I. 6 Nitrous selenite, heated to redness, easily parts with its acid..but marine selenite obstinately retains it. Ibid. II. 33 It [fibrous salt] usually contains Marine Epsom, which renders it deliquescent. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) IV. 579/1 The dephlogisticated marine acid..does not dissolve ice nor camphor; in which respects it differs from the common marine acid gas. Ibid., Marine ether. Ibid. 579/2 Dephlogisticated marine gas. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 273 The muriatic acid drawn from marine salt by the sulphuric acid. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 761 Digest the ore in marine acid.
†c. Of sculptured figures, etc.: Representing sea gods, fishes, sea-shells, or the like. Obs.
1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 137 Sea-gods,..and other Marine Figures. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Fountain, Marine Fountain, that composed of aquatic figures, as sea divinities, naiads, tritons, rivers, dolphins, and other fishes, and shells. Ibid. s.v. Freeze, Marine Freezes are those representing sea-horses [etc.].
d. Of a painter, etc.: That depicts sea subjects.
1883G. H. Boughton in Harper's Mag. Jan. 176/1 The river Maas..is most sketchable to a marine painter. 1889Brydall Art in Scot. xiv. 311 He was employed as a marine-draughtsman.
†2. Belonging to, or situated at, the sea-side; bounded by the sea; maritime. Obs.
1610R. Niccols Eng. Eliza in Mirr. Mag. 819 With loud clamour to the marine shore, The armed people clustred in thicke swarmes. 1632Lithgow Trav. v. 189 Tripoly..standing a mile from the marine side. Ibid. vii. 353 The marine Bourge of Molino. Ibid. viii. 362 The marine Prouinces which lye betweene ægypt and Sewty. 1728Eliza Heywood Mme. de Gomez's Belle A. (1732) II. 59 Happening in this marine Ramble, to pass by this Coast.
3. Connected with the sea in operation, scope, etc.; pertaining to shipping, a navy, or naval force; relating to naval matters.
marine board (see quot. 1867). marine insurance, insurance against perils at sea. Also occas. in collocations where maritime is more usual, as marine interest, marine law.
1566Act 8 Eliz. c. 13 §1 Men..browght upp to Water Crafte, most meete for her Mati⊇s Marine Service. 1579Fenton Guicciard. xvi. (1599) 738 Her marine enterprises. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 16 The Grecians they deemed it no discredit to borrow..from the Carthaginians and Sicilians, the Art Marine. 1683J. Houghton's Lett. Husb. & Trade IV. No. 5. 107 His Merchants are everywhere respected, and he is now one of the great Marine Princes of the World. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. xiii. 405 The laws of Oleron..are received by all nations in Europe as the ground and substruction of all their marine constitutions. 1772Act 12 Geo. III, c. 67 An Act for Incorporating the Members of a Society, commonly called The Marine Society [founded in 1756]. 1839Penny Cycl. XIV. 418/2 Marine insurances differ..from fire and life insurances in the mode of conducting the business. 1848,1872[see insurance 4]. 1858Homans Dict. Comm. 1693/2 Wages in such cases would be contrary to the principle of marine law—that freight is the mother of wages [etc.]. 1860(title) Reed's New Guide Book to the Local Marine Board Examinations of Masters and Mates. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Marine Boards, establishments at our different ports for carrying into effect the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act.
4. a. Of soldiers: Serving on board ship, as marine force. † marine regiment (= maritime regiment: see maritime a. 3): the marines. † marine soldier: a marine; so marine captain, etc. (but cf. B. 6 b).
1690Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 1 The earls of Pembroke and Torrington have each a commission to raise a marine regiment. 1699Lett. conc. Mariners 6 The Marine Soldiers on board receive the Wages of Sailors. 1708Royal Proclam. 20 May in Lond. Gaz. No. 4440/1 To the Marine-Captains, Sea-Lieutenants and Master, shall be allowed one Eighth Part..The Marine-Lieutenants, Boatswain, Gunner, Purser,..one Eighth Part. 1713Lond. Gaz. No. 5176/3 That several of the Marine Soldiers..have obtain'd their Pensions by forged..Certificates. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780), Marine, or Marine-Forces, a body of troops employed in the sea-service, under the direction of the lords of the admiralty. 1802James Milit. Dict. s.v., The marine forces have of late years been considerably augmented.
b. slang. (See quot. and B. 4 d.)
1785Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, Marine Officer, an empty bottle, (sea wit) marine officers being held useless by the seamen.
5. Used or adapted for use at sea; chiefly in technical names of instruments, as marine barometer, marine chronometer, marine galvanometer, marine watch.
marine alarm, an alarm used at sea and operated by water or wind (Knight Dict. Mech. (1875) 55/2); † marine belt (see quot. 1765); marine boiler, a boiler adapted for use in steam vessels (Knight); marine chair, a contrivance from which the celestial bodies may be steadily observed at sea; † marine collar, a life-preserving appliance to be placed on the neck to keep the head out of water; marine engine, a form of steam engine used in seagoing vessels; marine glue, an adhesive composition used in ship carpentry (Young Naut. Dict. 1846); marine governor, the governor of a marine engine (Knight); marine metal (see quot.); marine railway, ‘a slip for hauling vessels on to repair’ (Smyth Sailor's Wordbk. 1867); marine soap (see quot.); † marine surveyor, a machine designed for measuring the way of a ship.
1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, *Marine Barometer, is an Instrument contrived by Dr. Hook, for the use of those that would make a Philosophical Experiment at Sea.
1765H. Walpole Let. 27 Aug., There is a man who has just invented what he calls a *marine belt; you buckle it on, and walk upon the sea as you would upon a grassplot.
1891‘Triplex’ (title) *Marine Boilers.
1765Chron. in Ann. Reg. 86/2 Christopher Irwin, esq.; inventor of the *marine chair.
1862Catal. Internat. Exhib. II. xv. 66 *Marine chronometers.
1764in Titles Patents (1854) 148 A grant unto William Walker..& John Carass..of their new invented *marine collar & belt.
1822Specif. of Brunel's Patent No. 4683. 2 The *marine engine represented with its parts.
1873F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. xiii. §12 (1881) 199 The *Marine galvanometer is a galvanometer adapted for use at sea.
1866Brande & Cox Dict. Arts, etc., *Marine Metal, an alloy of lead and antimony with about two per cent. of mercury, introduced in 1833 by Wetterstedt for sheathing ships.
1873E. Spon Workshop Receipts Ser. i. 381/2 This soap [cocoanut-oil soap] is sometimes called *marine soap, as it will lather well with sea-water.
1767Ann. Reg. 103 A new *marine surveyor: the machine consists of an open tube..on the outside is fixed an oblique plane like a screw, upon which the water acts so as to turn it round swifter or slower.
1854W. K. Kelly & Tomlinson tr. Arago's Astron. (ed. 5) 161 *Marine watches, or chronometers, are of great assistance in determining longitude.
6. marine biology, the study of plants and animals living in the sea; hence marine-biological a.; marine biologist, one engaged in this study; marine iguana, a large lizard, Amblyrhynchus cristatus, found on the Galapagos Islands; marineland, a type of zoological garden, designed to exhibit and preserve marine animals; marine science orig. U.S., the interdisciplinary study of the sea and the life, minerals, etc., contained in it; any of the individual disciplines involved in this; hence marine scientific a.; marine scientist, a person engaged in marine science.
1884in Jrnl. Marine Biol. Assoc. (1887) I. 22 Report of the Foundation Meeting of the *Marine Biological Association. 1959D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Is. VIII. 119 The expedition..was mainly to investigate some of the marine-biological and agricultural problems of the Tristan da Cunha group. 1963T. A. Sebeok in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. (1968) 30 Aristotle was also the first marine biologist who accurately classed the dolphin with the mammals.
1887Jrnl. Marine Biol. Assoc. I. 1 It is not proposed to limit the contents of this journal to formal reports..but to include within its pages..brief records of observations relating to the *marine biology and fisheries of the coasts of the United Kingdom. 1936Discovery June 166/2 M. Paul Lemoine..referred to his [sc. Sir Robert Mond's] work on behalf of marine biology. 1967Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. V. 111 Of all the different facets of marine science, marine biology is perhaps the oldest in India.
[1839Darwin Jrnl. in Fitzroy & Darwin Narr. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. xix. 453 (heading) Marine lizard feeds on sea-weed.] 1924C. W. Beebe Galapagos v. 111 The sea or *marine iguana is as good a name as could be desired. 1962C. J. & O. B. Goin Introd. Herpetology viii. 136 Amblyrhynchus cristatus, the Marine Iguana of the Galápagos Islands, feeds on marine algae at low tide. 1972Country Life 6 Apr. 842/3 In addition to the giant tortoises..there are the marine iguanas.
1963Times 17 Apr. 12/5 Southsea Castle committee agreed today to open negotiations with Billy Smart's Circus for the proposed establishment of a *marineland in the castle grounds. 1968N.Z. News 16 Oct. 6/2 Complete plans and specifications have been drawn up and a tender accepted for a marineland on Windsor Reserve at Devonport, Auckland.
1945Inst. Marine Sci. Publ. (Univ. of Texas) No. 1. 5 In conjunction with the establishment of the Institute of *Marine Science..it was planned to provide for appropriate publication of results of investigations on..oceanography of the Gulf of Mexico. 1967[see marine biology above]. 1969[see oceanology]. 1984A. C. & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans p. xxiv, Students were attracted to the marine sciences in record numbers.
1960U.S. Congr. Sen. Hearings Marine Sci. 10 Witnesses will tell us the relation between *marine scientific research and development and submarine operation. 1974Marine Technol. Soc. Jrnl. Dec. 17/1 This article reviews briefly the present status of the law of the sea negotiations that concern marine scientific research.
1957Science 27 Dec. 1322/1 A broadly based international organization..can thereby assist *marine scientists in different countries to obtain support for their work. 1984A. C. & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans p. xxiv, In these projects marine scientists shared their knowledge.
B. n.
†1. [= F. marine; cf. marina1.] The sea coast or shore; a promenade by the sea; also, the country or district in immediate proximity to the coast. Obs.
13..Coer de L. 4881 That they scholden hye Ones more forth by the maryn To the cyte off Palestyn. a1400Octouian 1361 Maryners hym broghte to the maryn Of Gene cost. c1450Merlin 230 That..hadde robbed..all the maryne and the portes toward Dover. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 245 Every evening they solace themselves along the Marine (a place left throughout betweene the Citie wall and the hauen). 1687B. Randolph Archipelago 46 In the summer time every evening the marine is full with all sorts of people with musick, singing, and dancing. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 118 They supply the Marine with Carts drawn by Oxen, the Ships with Wood and Water. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1810) 41 We rid out after dinner to view the marine. It is about half an hour distant from the city.
2. [= F. marine.] The collective shipping, fleet, navy, or naval service of a country; maritime interest as represented by ships; sea-going vessels collectively, esp. with reference to nationality or class, as mercantile marine (now the chief use).
1669R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 455 The well-regulating of all things belonging to the marine. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), The Marine, the whole Body of a Navy or Fleet; as The Officers of the Marine. 1757J. H. Grose Voy. E. Indies 67 All these vessels that formed the military marine of Bombay were chiefly manned with English. 1769Burke Late St. Nation Wks. 1842 I. 98 What naval force, what naval works, and what naval stores..are necessary to keep our marine in a condition commensurate to its great ends. 1842Borrow Bible in Spain xxxi, To this inconsiderable number of vessels is the present war marine of Spain reduced. 1849Cobden Speeches 18 France knew that America had the largest mercantile marine. 1894C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 6 The Navy..has always been based..upon the existence of a merchant marine.
‖3. That department in the French and other continental governments which deals with naval matters, corresponding to the English Admiralty.
1784Life Paul Jones (ed. 4) 24 Count D'Orvilliers transmitted an account of his expedition to the Minister of the Marine. 1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 112 The French Minister of Marine. 1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. II. 501 It left the ministry of public works to M. Martin (du Nord), that of marine to M. de Rosamel. 1886Ld. Brassey Nav. Annual 503 The Council of the [Russian] Empire..ordered the Ministry of Marine to present a plan of construction.
4. One who serves on board ship.
†a. A sailor, mariner (obs.). [= F. marin.]
c1575J. Hooker Life Sir P. Carew (1857) 33 He had in his ship a hundred marines, the worst of them being able to be a master in the best ship within the realm. 1634Brereton Trav. (Chetham Soc.) 14 If any soldier, marine, or tradesman die.
b. A soldier who serves on board a man-of-war; one of a body of troops enlisted to do military service on board ship, also at dockyards or on shore under certain circumstances; also in pl. used collectively. [See A. 4.]
Royal Marines, troops who serve on British men-of-war. See also horse-marine2.
1672Capt. S. Taylor Let. 30 May in L. Edye Hist. R. Marines (1893) I. 148 Those marines of whom I soe oft have wrote to you behaved themselves stoutly. 1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3912/1 A Detachment of 400 Men, and the Regiment of Marines. 1709Steele Tatler No. 79 ⁋2 An honest rough Relation of ours..who is a Lieutenant of Marines. 1740Lond. Mag. 413 Sir, a Soldier and a Marine are, I may say, quite different creatures. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 142 A commission in the marines. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Mil. Dict. s.v., The royal marines are a non-purchase Corps, and the officers..rise by seniority. 1894C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 478 The red-coated marine may be seen all over the world sharing the work..of his blue-frocked brother.
c. Phr. tell that to the marines: a colloquial expression of incredulity. Cf. quot. 1892 s.v. horse-marine2.
1806J. Davis Post Captain v. 29 He may tell that to the marines, but the sailors will not believe him. 1823Byron Island ii. xxi, ‘Right’, quoth Ben, ‘that will do for the marines’. [Note] ‘That will do for the marines, but the sailors won't believe it’, is an old saying. 1824Scott Redgauntlet ch. xiii, Tell that to the marines—the sailors won't believe it. c1829D. Jerrold in M. R. Booth Eng. Plays of 19th Cent. (1969) I. 179 No palaver; tell it to the marines. What, tacking and double tacking! Come to what you want to say at once. 1864Trollope Small House at Allington xli, Is that a story to tell to such a man as me! You may tell it to the marines! 1902J. Conrad in Blackw. Mag. Dec. 802/2 ‘You shall get nothing from me, because I have nothing of mine to give away now.’ ‘Tell that to the marines!’ 1928Times 21 July 17/5 He said that I should..most likely be shot. I ventured to suggest that he should tell that to the Marines. 1933E. O'Neill Ah, Wilderness! (1934) iv. ii. 145 And I suppose you just sat and let yourself be kissed! Tell that to the Marines! 1944W. S. Maugham Razor's Edge vii. 279 ‘A d'autres, ma vieille,’ I replied, which I think can best be translated by: ‘Tell that to the marines, old girl.’ 1967D. Francis Blood Sport xiv. 172 ‘When this is over you can sleep for a fortnight.’ ‘Yeah?’ he said sarcastically. ‘Tell it to the marines.’
d. (dead) marine: an empty bottle. slang. (Cf. A. 4 b.)
1831E. J. Trelawny Adv. Younger Son I. 48 To see their case-bottles properly filled,—no marines among them,—with plenty of grog in their lockers. 1880J. B. Stephen Austral. Ball., Drought & Doctr., We filled a dead marine, Sir, at the family watering-hole.
e. Naut. slang. (See quot.)
1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xvii. (1854) 86 note, ‘Marine’ is the term applied..to a man who is ignorant and clumsy about seaman's work—a green-horn—a land-lubber.
5. Painting. A sea piece.
1846Ruskin Mod. Paint. (ed. 3) I. ii. v. i. 340 One of the marines of Salvator. 1884E. Mason in Harper's Mag. Feb. 416/1 Ruysdael's marines are easily distinguished.
6. attrib. and Comb.
a. † marine-set a., placed on the sea-coast.
1632Lithgow Trav. vii. 333, I hastned to the next Watch-tower, marine set.
b. = belonging to the marines, as in marine barracks, marine boat, marine coat, marine officer, marine provost; marine blue, a dark blue, the colour of the uniform worn by the Royal Marines; freq. ellipt. as marine.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Provost, The French have a provost-general of the marines..besides a marine provost in every vessel. 1797Nelson 17 July in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 417 To put as many Marine coats or jackets on the seamen as can be procured. 1801Med. Jrnl. V. 204 The prodigious numbers received from the ships of war and marine barracks, labouring under Phthisis Pulmonalis. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Marine Clothing-room, a compartment of the after-platform, to receive the clothes and stores of the royal marines. Ibid., Marine Officer, an officer of the Royal Marines. Jocularly and witlessly applied to an empty bottle. 1873Young Englishwoman IV. 78/1, I should suggest..one polonaise of black cashmere.. and one of deep marine blue vigogne. 1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 3/1 Cashmere... All the fashionable colors..black, marine blue, light blue. Ibid. 12/3 Plain China silk..navy, marine, gray. 1899F. T. Bullen Way Navy 55 A Marine boat's crew from the ‘Hannibal’. 1910Encycl. Brit. VIII. 746/2 The following is a list of the more important basic colours derived from coal-tar..marine blue, indoïne blue, [etc.]. 1925E. Sitwell Poor Young People 2 The colours most in favour are marine Blue,..myrtle green. 1930Maerz & Paul Dict. Color 168/1 In the early nineteenth century there became popular in the general textile field a color adapted from the uniforms of sailors. This color seems first to have been called Marine Blue, followed shortly by the name Navy Blue. The color was long dyed with indigo. 1934Times 30 Nov. 20/2 The Queen of Denmark's dress and..coat were both of deep marine-blue velvet. 1961H. E. Bates Now sleeps Crimson Petal 43 The marine blue thorns of sea-thistle were touched with sepia rose.
▪ II. † marine, v. Obs.|məˈriːn|
[ad. F. mariner: see marinade n.]
trans. = marinate v.
c1682J. Collins Salt & Fishery 108 Fish, which he Marines, or renders Marinado'd. Ibid. 120 To Marine or preserve Fish..after the Italian manner, called Marinading. |