| 释义 |
anther Bot.|ˈænθə(r)|
[a. mod.Fr. anthère, and mod.L. anthēra, in cl.L. ‘a medicine extracted from flowers,’ a. Gr. ἀνθηρά, fem. of ἀνθηρός flowery, f. ἀνθε- (ἄνθος) flower. As these medicines often consisted of the internal organs of flowers (e.g. saffron, one of the chief anthēræ, was the stigma), the name anthēra was specially applied by the early pharmacists to these parts, and at length confined by the herbalists, c 1700, to the pollen-bearing organ, known to earlier writers as thēca, capsula, or apex; which use was accepted and sanctioned by Linnæus. The following quotations illustrate these changes:
1551Turner Herbal ii. 116 (from Dioscor.) [Dried rose petals] are mingled with medicines called anthera and preservatiue medicines for woundes. But the floure that is founde in the middes of the rose is good agaynst the reume or flowing of the gummes. 1657Phys. Dict., Anthera, a compound medicine used for sore mouths. So in Phillips 1678–96; ed. 1706adds, Anthera, the yellow seeds in the middle of a Rose..Among Herbalists Antheræ are taken for those little knobs that grow on the top of the Stamina of Flowers, and are oftner call'd Apices . 1727–51 Chambers Cycl. s.v., Anthera in pharmacy, a term used by some authors for the yellow, or ruddy globules in the middle of certain flowers, as of lilies, saffron, etc. Some confine the Anthera to the yellowish globules in the middle of roses..Other apply the name Antheræ to those little tufts or knobs which grow on the tops of the stamina of flowers; more usually called apices. ]
That part of the stamen containing the pollen or fertilizing dust, which when mature is shed forth for the fertilization of the ovary; it is often supported on a slender pedicel called the filament.
1706–51[See above]. 1759B. Stillingfleet in Misc. Tracts Introd. (1762) 31 This anthera contains the male dust, which when ripe is scattered about by every breath of air. 1791E. Darwin Bot. Gard. i. 197 The bursting Anthers trust To the mild breezes their prolific dust. 1813Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. 68 The essential part of the stamens are the summits or anthers. 1874Lubbock Wild Flow. iii. 50 In the Buttercup the anthers commence to discharge their pollen, as soon as the flower opens.
b. Comb. and attrib., as anther-beak, anther-cell, anther-lobe; anther-dust, pollen; anther-valve, the opening by which the pollen is shed.
1870Hooker Stud. Flora 356 Ophrys apifera..anther-beak hooked. Ibid. 285 Salvia..connective slender, bearing at one end a perfect anther-cell. 1875tr. Sachs' Bot. 473 The anther consists of two longitudinal halves (anther-lobes). 1845Lindley Sch. Bot. iv. (1858) 25 Flowers regular, with recurved anther-valves. |