| 释义 |
maundy|ˈmɔːndɪ|
Forms: 3– maunde, 4 mandee, mondee, 4–5 mande, maundee, 4–6 maundye, 5 mawnde, monde, mawndee, 5, 8 maundey, 6 mawndy(e, -daye, mawneday, 6–7 manday, maundie, 6–9 maunday, 7–8 mandy, 6– maundy.
[a. OF. mandé, ad. L. mandātum, lit. ‘commandment’ (see mandate n.).
The ceremony of washing the feet of poor persons on the day before Good Friday was instituted in commemoration of Christ's washing the apostles' feet at the Last Supper, and of his injunction that his disciples should in like manner wash one another's feet (John xiii. 14). The words ‘A new commandment (mandatum novum) give I unto you, that ye love one another’ (ibid. 34) from the discourse which followed the washing of the apostles' feet, were adopted as the first antiphon sung at the commemorative observance, which hence acquired the name of mandatum. (Hence OHG. mandât, in Otfrid's paraphrase of John xiii. 11–14.) In later use, perh. owing to the currency of dies mandati (lit. ‘day of the commandment’) as a name for the day before Good Friday, mandatum frequently denoted the Last Supper itself.]
1. The ceremony of washing the feet of a number of poor people, performed by royal or other eminent persons, or ecclesiastics, on the Thursday before Easter, and commonly followed by the distribution of clothing, food, or money. In England (except among Roman Catholics), the distribution of ‘maundy money’ (see 4) is all that remains of this ceremony. Phr. to make, keep, hold one's maundy.
c1290St. Brendan 364 in S. Eng. Leg. 229 And sethþe he [þis procuratour] wuchs hore fet alle þe maunde for-to do huy [þe Monekes] heolden þare heore maunde. a1300Cursor M. 21611 A-pon þe dai o þe mande [Gött. mondee, Fairf. mandee]. 1502Privy Purse Exp. Eliz. York (1830) 1 To the Quene for xxxvijti pore women every woman iijs. jd. for her maunday upon Shire Thursday. 1533Fitzwilliam in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. II. 27 That my Lady the Kings Grauntdame during her lif kept a yerely Maundy. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 914/2 Upon Maundie thursdaie he made his maundie, there hauing nine and fiftie poore men, whose feet he washed. 1667Pepys Diary 4 Apr., My wife..had been to-day at White Hall to the Maunday,..but the King did not wash the poor people's feet himself, but the Bishop of London did it for him. c1700in A. J. Stephens Bk. Comm. Prayer (1850) II. 899 note, The Order of the Maundy. The Sub-Dean begins the Exhortation [etc.]. 1850A. J. Stephens Bk. Comm. Prayer II. 890 note, In England the rite of the Maundy continued to be performed by our sovereigns till the time of James II, who is said to have been the last sovereign who celebrated it in person. Ibid. 891 note, The ‘Office for the Royal Maundy’.
b. The dole made at the ceremony.
[1502: see 1.] 1850A. J. Stephens Bk. Comm. Prayer II. 893 note, Every recipient of the Maundy must be sixty years of age or upwards. 1865Pall Mall G. 10 Apr. 7 On Thursday next Her Majesty's Royal Maundy will be given by the Lord High Almoner..to forty-six aged men and forty-six women.
†c. fig. Almsgiving, bounty, largesse. Obs.
1595Copley Wits, Fits & Fancies 78 A Scriuener was writing a Marchantes last will..in which the marchant expressed many debts that were owing him... A kinsman of this Marchantes then standing by..saide vnto the Scriuener: hagh, hagh, what saith my vncle now? Doth he now make his Maundies? No (answered the Scriuener) he is yet in his demaunds. 1602Boys Wks. 396 Thy neighbour is bountiful in relieving the poor; thou seest his maundie but thou knowest not his mind. 1647Herrick Noble Numbers 43 All's gone, and Death hath taken Away from us Our Maundie; thus, Thy Widdowes stand forsaken.
†2. The Last Supper. Obs.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xvi. 140 The þorsday byfore þere he made his maundee, Sittyng atte sopere he seide þise wordes [etc.]. 1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 415 Crist beggid a house to eete inne his maundye. 14..Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 156/381 A tabull þer ys, þat men mey se That cryste made on his monde. 1533More Answ. Poysoned Bk. Pref. Wks. 1038/1 The maundye of Christ with his apostles vpon sheare thursday, wherin our sauiour actually dyd institute the blessed sacrament. 1566Stapleton Ret. Untruths to Jewell i. 7 The example of the twelue at Christes maunde where that most holy mysteries were wrought. 1640Bp. Hall Serm. xxxi. Wks. 1837 V. 419 He should see him making his Maundy with his disciples, on the Thursday; and crucified, on Good Friday.
†b. The Lord's Supper or Eucharist. Obs.
1533Frith Answ. More H vij b, The breaking of breade at the Maundye is not the very deathe of Chrystes bodye, but onelye a Representacion of the same. c1555Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 58 Nor to be secluded from the holy Maundy of the body and blood of Christ.
†3. A feast. to make one's maundy: to feast.
[1533Frith Answ. More M i b, Thys Lambe muste they eate hastelye and make a Merye maundye. 1545Brinklow Lament. 102 Vnto all beleuers the ceremonye of eatinge the paschalle lambe ceassed..when Christ had chaunged it in to a maundaye of thankesgeuinge.] 1646Quarles Sheph. Oracles 66 Their flocks do fare No better than Chameleons..Making their Maundy with an empty sent.
4. attrib. Applied to things distributed at a maundy, as maundy ale, maundy bread, maundy cup, or to people receiving them, as maundy man, maundy people, maundy woman; also † maundy-like adj.; maundy dish, purse, a dish, purse used to hold the money to be distributed at a maundy (Cent. Dict.); maundy money, silver money (see quot. 1866) distributed by the royal almoner to poor people on Maundy Thursday, now usu. by the reigning monarch at Westminster Abbey; so maundy coin; maundy-supper = sense 2; Maundy-week, Holy Week.
1517–18in Swayne Sarum Churchw. Acc. (1896) 60 For *Mawneday ale ijs. iijd. for *Mawneday cuppys xijd.
1534–5Ibid. 73 *Maundy brede, iijs.
1883Encycl. Brit. XVI. 482/2 note, The number and weights of the fourpences, twopences, and pence, being *Maundy coins, are the same for each of the years [1871–81]:—4518 fourpences, 4752 twopences, and 7920 pence.
1534More Dial. Comfort i. xix. (1553) E ij b, Not hys *maundy like merite, as hys passion, nor his slepe like merite, as his watche and his prayer.
1838Times 16 Apr. 5/5 The Queen's Royal alms were distributed..at the Almonry-office, to the *Maunday men and women placed on the supernumerary lists.
1856Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Maundy money. 1866Crump Banking x. 231 The Maunday money consisted of 4, 3, 2, and 1 penny pieces in silver. 1887Roy. Procl. in Standard 18 May 3/2 Pieces of Silver money called ‘The Queen's Maundy Monies’. 1967Everyman's Encycl. VIII. 293/1 In 1833..the dole was replaced by a money payment (‘Maundy money’) distributed by the sovereign in person or through a royal almoner.
1826Ann. Reg. 47/2 About eleven o'clock the *Maundy people arrived.
1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 660/2 At the *Maundaye supper, when he [sc. Judas] went to betraye the headde of that churche.
1868Morris Earthly Par. (1870) I. i. 322 As by the fire-light Peter swore of old, When in that *Maundy-week the night was cold. |