| 释义 |
▪ I. medical, a. and n.|ˈmɛdɪkəl|
[a. F. médical, = Sp., Pg. medical, It. medicale, ad. late L. medicālis, f. medic-us physician: see medic.]
A. adj.
1. a. Pertaining or related to the healing art or its professors. Also, in a narrower sense, Pertaining or related to ‘medicine’ as distinguished from surgery, obstetrics, etc.
medical man: used as a general term including ‘physician’, ‘surgeon’, ‘accoucheur’, etc.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. To Rdr. a 4, In this work attempts will exceed performances: it being composed by snatches of time, as medicall vacations,..would permit us. a1682― Tracts 22 Not onely in medical but dietetical use and practice. 1753Phil. Trans. R. Soc. XLVII. 399 Every body has consider'd what the Italians printed..upon the subject of medical electricity, as too hasty a publication. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) II. 99, I summoned the chief medical artists, and got the precious remains..embalmed. 1776T. Pennant Tour in Scotl. & Voy. Hebrides 1772 II. 247 The number of medical students are now annually reckoned at about 300. 1777T. Cavallo Compl. Treat. Electr. x. 287 Medical Electricity, a practical method of applying Electricity to the human body, when affected with different distempers. 1778T. A. Mann in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 416 We are here occupied and divided upon Medical Electricity. 1799Med. Jrnl. I. 364 Such an excess of acid is therefore useless, especially in medical practice. Ibid., The Medical Society also desired the Citizens Bouillon-La Grange, and Chaussier, to examine [etc]. 1814G. J. Singer Elem. Electr. iii. iv. 286 Mr. Partington, whose experience as a medical electrician is considerable. 1835F. D. Maurice Let. 6 Oct. in J. F. Maurice Life F. D. Maurice (1884) I. xiii. 186 If I could get any influence over the medical students, I should indeed think myself honoured. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iv. I. 432 All the medical men of note in London were summoned. 1864Mrs. Gaskell Wives & Dau. (1866) I. iii. 26 He went very steadily to work..advertising in medical journals, reading testimonials, sifting character and qualifications. 1878W. James in R. B. Perry Tht. & Char. W. James (1935) II. iv. liii. 29 The degrading sophistries of medical materialists. 1885Househ. Words 20 June 155 (Farmer), Medical students have liberally assisted in the formation of slang, their special department thereof being known as medical Greek. 1895Arnold & Sons' Catal. Surg. Instruments 19 Field Medical Paniers, fitted complete with instruments..etc. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 778 Neither the patient nor the medical attendant. 1902W. James Var. Relig. Exper. i. 13 Medical materialism finishes up Saint Paul by calling his vision on the road to Damascus a discharging lesion of the occipital cortex, he being an epileptic. 1935Economist 7 Sept. 456/2 The [National Health Insurance] scheme provided for the payment of cash benefit in time of sickness, for medical benefit..and sanatorium benefit. 1945Release & Resettlement (H.M. Govt.) xii. 40 The benefits of the National Health Insurance Scheme include medical benefit (i.e. free treatment by an insurance doctor and medicine). 1966I. Jefferies House-Surgeon ii. 20 ‘I know you've graduated,’ she interposed, ‘but at heart you're still a medical student.’ 1975M. Duke Death of Holy Murderer i. 15, I put aside the medical journal I'd been trying to read.
b. Proper or appropriate to a medical practitioner.
1809Malkin Gil Blas ii. iii. ⁋2 He had got into reputation with the public by a certain professional slang, humoured by a medical face.
c. Of diseases: Requiring medical as distinguished from surgical treatment or diagnosis.
1885–8Fagge & Pye-Smith Princ. Med. (ed. 2) I. 74 Internal, or as it may be styled ‘medical’ pyæmia. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 174 The preceding remarks..relate only to the medical thromboses, and not to the septic and suppurative thrombo-phlebitides of the surgeon. 1904Hospital 11 June, Suppl. 14 By medical diseases is meant those diseases which are situated either as to their source or their origin in one or other of the three great cavities of the body.
d. Special collocations: medical board [board n. 8 b], a body of medical men responsible for the medical examination of soldiers, the maintenance of public health, etc.; hence medical-board vb. trans., to refer for consideration by a medical board (rare); medical certificate, a certificate from a doctor, attesting the state of a person's health, etc.; medical examiner, (a) a doctor who carries out an examination for physical fitness; (b) U.S., a medically qualified public officer whose duty is to investigate deaths that occur under unusual or suspicious circumstances, to perform post-mortems, and sometimes to initiate inquests; hence medical examination, an examination to establish the degree of a person's physical fitness, etc.; † medical finger = leech-finger; medical garden, a garden appropriated to the cultivation of medicinal plants; a ‘physic-garden’; medical hall Ireland, a pharmacy, a chemist's shop; medical jurisprudence, the law as it relates to the practice of medicine; also = forensic medicine; † medical month (see quot.); medical officer, a doctor appointed by a public authority or company to attend to matters relating to health (in Gt. Britain in the public sphere the post of ‘medical officer of health’ was abolished on 1 Apr. 1974); medical register, a register, in Britain kept by the General Medical Council, of all doctors legally in practice; so medical registration; also attrib.; medical school, (a school or faculty of) a college or university in which medicine is studied.
1814Niles' Reg. VI. 36/2 A *Medical Board is now sitting at the city of Washington, by order of the secretary of war. 1843Times 29 Nov. 4/3 Two distinct medical boards have declared themselves satisfied as to his sound state of health. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 898/2 Every medical board paper was a kind of forecast. 1947L. Hastings Dragons are Extra iii. 63 He was then medical-boarded and sent to the nursing-home in England. 1973‘R. MacLeod’ Burial in Portugal i. 18 The last medical board had cut his army pension, reckoning his back was improving.
1838Dickens Nich. Nick. (1839) xv. 131 A very little more and it [sc. a back comb] must have entered her skull. We have a *medical certifiket that if it had, the tortershell would have affected the brain. 1853C. Schreiber Jrnl. (1952) 12 The medical certificate would be quite sufficient, and..without his appearing the fellowship was safe. 1914Kipling Lett. of Travel (1920) 210 One could eat..in one's cabin without a medical certificate from the doctor. 1971J. Clegg Dict. Social Services 96 A medical certificate (on the official form) must be sent to the local social security office. 1973E. McGirr Bardel's Murder ii. 35 ‘Did you get a medical certificate?’ ‘That and pain killers.’ 1974Times 23 Sept. 2/3 She had attempted suicide five years ago..but she had medical certificates that said she was now all right.
1898F. de H. Hall (title) *Medical examination for life assurance. 1916Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Aug. 300/2 (heading) Medical examination of recruits. 1935S. G. Leigh Guide to Life Assurance (ed. 4) viii. 92 Many people have an aversion from the medical examination.
1848Risks of Life Assurance 5 Dr. Ingleby..then the *medical examiner for the Norwich Office. 1877Acts & Resolves Gen. Court of Massachusetts 1877 580 The governor shall nominate..able and discreet men, learned in the science of medicine, to be medical examiners. 1889Pollock & Chisholm Med. Handbk. Life Assurance p. viii, Plain instructions for the guidance of the medical examiner, to afford him a ready handbook of reference on insurance rules. 1928Bull. Nat. Research Council lxvi. 13 Only in New York City and Boston, where the medical examiner's system prevails, is the bulk of the work done in the properly equipped morgues. 1937T. A. Gonzales et al. Legal Med. & Toxicol. ii. 9 The coroner has investigative and judicial powers; the medical examiner can conduct only an investigation. 1973Times 5 June 6/4 No official ruling on the cause of death has yet been given by the medical examiner, the equivalent of the coroner.
1653Urquhart Rabelais i. viii, On the *medical finger of his right hand he had a Ring made Spire wayes.
a1706J. Evelyn Diary an. 1658 (1955) III. 217, I went to see the *Medical Garden, at Westminster, well stored with plants, under Morgan, a very Skillful Botanist. 1838Civil Engineer I. 362/2 Four acres are devoted to a medical garden.
1922Joyce Ulysses 669 Purchased by him at 10.20 a.m. on the morning of 27 June 1886 at the *medical hall of Francis Dennehy. 1938J. Cary Castle Corner 279 Ah, ye dirty devil, and what sort of a drip are ye to be dropped in a medical hall.
1788S. Farr (title) Elements of *medical jurisprudence. 1845[see forensic a.]. 1937T. A. Gonzales et al. Legal Med. & Toxicol. p. vii, The section on legal medicine is concerned with the principal pathologic conditions encountered in cases of forensic importance,..and medical jurisprudence or that part of the law which deals with the practice of the physician. Ibid., The subjects which are considered a part of medical jurisprudence, such as the corpus delicti,..malpractice, insanity, and insurance.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. xii. 213 Which..makes 26. dayes and 22. howres, called by Physitians the *medicall month; introduced by Galen..for the better compute of Decretory or Criticall dayes.
1835Times 2 Nov. 7/1, I have only heard of two unions, in which the number of *medical officers is equal to the number employed before the formation of these unions. 1841Dickens Let. 29 Oct. (1969) II. 414 With regard to the Medical officers it will be best to say that I am going out of town. 1860F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing i. 10, I have known a medical officer keep his ward windows hermetically closed. 1916W. Owen Let. 10 Feb. (1967) 379 The Medical Officer says I should get them removed. 1964Times 22 Feb. 6/2 Medical officers of health should be more closely concerned with the functions of their local authority that had a bearing on health in any way. 1974Daily Tel. 1 Apr. 6/6 Regional hospital boards, executive health councils and local authority departments with health responsibilities will disappear. So too will medical officers of health, some of whom will now become ‘community physicians’.
1886Act 49 & 50 Vict. c. 48 §14 The *medical register shall contain a separate list of the names and addresses of the colonial practitioners. 1926Brit. Med. Jrnl. II. 430/1 A few years ago the Government of the Irish Free State announced that it had decided to establish a separate Medical Register. 1973Times 26 July 2/4 Dr ― was suspended from the medical register yesterday for professional misconduct in prescribing drugs for other than bona-fide treatment.
1886Lancet 10 July 85/2 The great importance of due *medical registration. 1926Brit. Med. Jrnl. II. 322/2 A decision on the medical registration question has not yet been reached.
1765in J. Carson Hist. Med. Dept. Univ. of Pennsylvania (1869) 55 The institution of *Medical Schools in this country has been a favorite object of my attention. 1841Southern Lit. Messenger VII. 550/2 We had lighted upon the University, in the act of organizing an extensive Medical School. 1909J. S. Fletcher in H. Greene Crooked Counties (1973) 228 He was anxious to see one or two experiments..being carried on in some of the medical schools. 1973Guardian 25 Jan. 15/6 The shortage of doctors in some regions is directly related to the absence of a regional medical school.
2. Curative; medicinal. rare.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. xxi. 269 The membranous covering, commonly called the silly how..is..preserved with great care, not onely as medicall in diseases, but [etc.]. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 462 Medical properties and uses. 1830Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. iii. iv. 303 The essential medical principles in vegetables.
B. n.
1. A student or practitioner of medicine. colloq.
1823Hawthorne in H. & Wife (1885) I. 111 He is the best scholar among the medicals. 1834J. Halley in Life (1842) 15 He determined..as he said ‘to beat the medicals’. 1903Midland Inst. Mag. Feb. 113 The..only medical elected to a University headship since William Harvey was warden of Merton in 1644.
2. ? U.S. ‘A small bottle or vial made of glass tubing’ (Cent. Dict. 1890).
3. A medical examination for fitness.
1917‘Taffrail’ Sub i. 27 It was neither the x and y part of the business nor the ‘medical’ which caused me qualms. It was the dreaded interview. 1938N. Marsh Death in White Tie x. 103 He wanted me to go to Edinburgh to take my medical... I wanted to go to Thomas's. 1946H. Wayne Two Odd Soldiers i. 7 The Recruiting Officer welcomed and encouraged us..and told us to present ourselves on the following Tuesday for our ‘medical’. 1968Listener 8 Feb. 187/3 Mr Scannell's adolescence appeared to be no more remarkable than a hundred others. He coughed at his raf medical; he spouted Yeats to a literal-minded girl. 1973Times 1 June 5/6 (heading) Medicals for drivers urged.
▪ II. medical
obs. var. miskal, an Oriental weight. |