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Mediterranean, a. and n.|mɛdɪtəˈreɪnɪən|
[f. L. mediterrāne-us (f. medi-us middle + terra land, earth) + -an.]
A. adj.
1. Of land: Midland, inland, remote from the coast; opposed to maritime. Also, intermediate (between two areas). † Applied also to the inhabitants of a region so situated.
1601Holland Pliny I. 501 The Mediterranean or midland parts of any country are..preferred before the maritime or sea-coasts. a1691Boyle Hist. Air (1692) 197 The more mediterranean parts of Russia. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters II. 54 Sea water differs..not essentially, from the waters of our mediterranean salt springs. 1773Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 28 Aug., Craggy rocks, of height not stupendous, but to a Mediterranean visitor uncommon. 1869Rawlinson Anc. Hist. 12 The rivers of the central tract are continental or mediterranean; i.e. they begin and end without reaching the sea. 1875J. H. Bennet Winter Medit. ii. xi. 340 There is a highland country, an elevated mediterranean area of mountains and valleys.
transf.1603Dekker Wonderf. Yr. D 4 How nimble is Sicknes,..The greatest cutter that takes vp the Mediterranean Ile in Powles for his Gallery to walke in, cannot ward off his blowes.
2. a. Of water surfaces: Nearly or entirely surrounded or enclosed by dry land; land-locked. Mediterranean Sea, the proper name of the sea which separates Europe from Africa.
The notion expressed by the proper name (late L. mare Mediterrāneum, 7th c.; F. Mer Méditerranée; Sp. Mar Mediterráneo; It. Mare Mediterraneo) may originally have been ‘the sea in the middle of the earth’ rather than ‘the sea enclosed by land’.
1594R. Ashley tr. Loys le Roy 75 b, All those which are within the mediterranean sea. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 51 The Pirats..doe rob on the ægean and Mediterranean seas. 1813Bakewell Introd. Geol. 182 The boundary of a mediterranean sea or lake of fresh water. 1846Darwin Geol. Observ. S. Amer. 235 note, The theory that rock-salt is due to the sinking of water, charged with salt, in mediterranean spaces of the ocean. 1862Dana Man. Geol. iii. 301 The great mediterranean sea of the Silurian age.
b. Pertaining to ‘mediterranean’ waters. (See also B. 1 b.)
1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 245 The delta of the Mississippi has somewhat of an intermediate character between an oceanic and mediterranean delta.
B. n.
1. a. An inland sea or lake; a water area nearly or entirely surrounded by dry land; spec. the Mediterranean Sea.
1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. iii. 9 A man of perspicuous eyes may discern the Euxine on the one hand, and the Mediterranean on the other. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. Introd., Some [fishes] are better in the ocean than in the mediterranean, and the contrary. 1704Addison Italy (1705) 4 There is nothing more undetermined among the Learned than the Voyage of Ulysses; some confining it to the Mediterranean; others [etc.]. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. (1856) 544 The North Polar Ocean is a great mediterranean. 1875S. Cox in Expositor 251 The blue waters of the Mediterranean.
b. attrib., passing into adj. (Cf. A. 2 b.) Pertaining to the Mediterranean Sea. Also, pertaining to the lands or countries in or around the Mediterranean Sea; spec. Mediterranean anæmia or Mediterranean disease, thalassæmia, esp. thalassæmia major; Mediterranean climate, the climate of lands around the Mediterranean Sea, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters; also applied to any similar climate in other regions, as parts of California, Chile, South Africa, and southern Australia; Mediterranean fever = Malta fever (see Malta); Mediterranean pine = maritime pine (maritime a. 6), or stone-pine.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe Wks. (Grosart) V. 229 In M. Hackluits English discoueries I haue not come in ken of one mizzen mast of a..mediteranean sternebearer sente from her [Yarmouth's] Zenith or Meridian. 1678Young Serm. at Whitehall 29 Dec. 27 One of the Mediterranean Pirates. 1760G. Washington Diaries (1925) I. 145 Planted 4 nuts of the Mediterranean Pine in the Pen. 1816Sir. W. Burnett (title) A Practical Account of the Mediterranean Fever [etc.]. 1896Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 324 (heading) Influence of the Mediterranean climate on plants. 1897M. L. Hughes (title) Mediterranean, Malta or Undulant Fever. 1899Daily News 14 Jan. 6/4 The whole costume is in Mediterranean blue cloth. 1908R. de C. Ward Climate v. 124 The sub-tropical belt is exceptionally wide... The fact that the Mediterranean countries are so generally included in this belt has led to the use of the name ‘Mediterranean climates’. 1924Scottish Geogr. Mag. XL. 150 (heading) The Mediterranean climates of Eurasia and the Americas. 1933Mediterranean pine [see coronilla]. 1936Whipple & Bradford in Jrnl. Pediatrics IX. 279 (heading) Mediterranean disease—thalassemia (erythroblastic anemia of Cooley). Ibid., This interesting disease presents three important abnormalities together characterizing a syndrome which may be designated ‘Mediterranean disease’. Ibid. 292 The clinical diagnosis was Mediterranean anemia, pericardial effusion, bronchopneumonia terminal. 1953A. Smith Blind White Fish in Persia iii. 51 Truly the Elburz mountains divide the arid heat of Tehran from the Mediterranean climate of the Caspian. 1954Blood IX. 648 The term Mediterranean anemia is used in this paper to encompass the entire group of diseases characterized by microcytosis, hypochromia, ovalocytosis, anisocytosis and poikilocytosis, and, most prominently, targeting, together with certain familial hereditary patterns and clinical features. It is recognized that this group covers the spectrum from the most benign to the most severe forms clinically, and the range from hypochromic polycythemia to the severe Cooley's anemia hematologically. 1961R. D. Baker Essent. Path. xviii. 494 In thalassemia (Cooley's or Mediterranean anemia) there is an inherited anomaly of the red blood corpuscles consisting of flat ‘target’ cells. 1969Neuberger & Cahir Princ. Climatol. vi. 81 Climates having dry summers and wet winters as a result of the shifts of the subsidence belts are said to be ‘Mediterranean’ or ‘California’ climates. 1971F. A. Ward Primer of Haematol. vi. 54 If,..in Mediterranean anaemia, it can be shown that excessive destruction of red cells is taking place almost exclusively in the spleen, then splenectomy will relieve but, of course, not cure the condition.
†2. An inhabitant of an inland region. Obs.
1654H. L'Estrange Chas I (1655) 131 Again the Mediterraneans the Highlanders muttered at the Imposition.
3. A racial type found especially in countries bordering on the Mediterranean sea; a person of this racial type. Also attrib. passing into adj. (Cf. Eurafrican a. and n.)
1888C. Morris Aryan Race i. 13 The hair of the Mediterraneans is not so long or so cylindrical in section as in the Mongolians. 1899,1910[see Eurafrican a. and n. 1]. 192119th Cent. May 896 It would be difficult to deny that the latinised ‘Mediterraneans’ are the most finely tempered peoples of Europe. 1921Man cvii. 180 The brown dolichocephals called Mediterraneans. 1928[see Eurafrican a. and n. 1]. 1935Huxley & Haddon We Europeans iv. 137 The Nordic, Eurasiatic, and Mediterranean types which are now scattered through the European population. Ibid. vi. 172 The Mediterranean type is much more widely distributed than the Mediterranean area. 1939C. S. Coon Races of Europe iv. 83 Some Mediterraneans were probably white skinned, and others brown. Ibid., The Mediterranean group seems to be of purely sapiens ancestry, without Neanderthaloid or other mixture. 1959Chambers's Encycl. XI. 433/1 Caspians..are taller and less glabrous than the European Mediterraneans. 1960J. Comas Man. Physical Anthropol. ix. 602 This is the Dinaric race, which seems to be a Mediterranean type brachycephalized by some non-Mediterranean agency. 1962C. S. Coon Orig. Races (1963) i. 19 Races like the..Mediterranean, East Baltic, and Dinaric, which loom large in the Europe-centred literature of anthropology, are neither subspecies nor, in a strict sense, local races. 1971J. C. King Biol. of Race vi. 114 For the European populations one began to hear of Nordic, Alpine, Mediterranean..and God alone knows how many other races and subraces. 1974N. Freeling Dressing of Diamond 11 He didn't look the part... A round Mediterranean head, and coarse black hair... A slightly Slav face. 1974I. Murdoch Sacred & Profane Love Machine 288 He..looked into the big dark eyes..Mediterranean eyes, African eyes.
Add:[B.] [1.] [b.] Mediterranean fruit-fly, a fruit-fly, Ceratitis capitata, whose larvae cause considerable damage to citrus fruit.
1899Agric. Gaz. New South Wales X. 497 All the specimens bred at this office have been the Western or Mediterranean Fruit-fly (Halterophora capitata)... This is quite a modern importation. In 1897 it was discovered in orchards near Perth, Western Australia... Though unknown previous to this in the Colonies, it had a well known record in Europe as far back as 1826, when it was described by Wiedman [recte Wiedemann] as an orange pest under the name of Citriperda capitata. 1912Circular U.S. Dept. Agric. Bureau of Entomol. No. 160. 1 The recent establishment in Hawaii of the Mediterranean fruit-fly..and the quarantine restrictions against Hawaiian fruit imposed by the State of California have aroused considerable interest in this very destructive insect. 1923Jrnl. Agric. Res. XXV. 1 Control by parasites has been the only method of combating the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata..) in Hawaii that has met with any success. 1970Age (Melbourne) 22 June 12/5 The introduced Mediterranean fruit-fly..belong[s] to the family Tephritidae. 1987Los Angeles Times 17 July ii. 1/3 The pest..is considered the second most destructive fly to agriculture—trailing the Mediterranean fruit fly. |