| 释义 |
Menshevik, a. and n.|ˈmɛnʃɪvɪk|
[a. Russ. men′shevík, f. mén′she, compar. of málȳĭ little. The Russ. pl. men′shevikí has been used by some English writers.]
A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Mensheviks or Menshevism.
1907[see Bolshevik B. adj.]. 1919J. Reed Ten Days that shook World iii. 47 Said the Menshevik Dien, ‘The Government ought to defend itself and defend us.’ Ibid. iv. 91 Raising his voice to a shout he [sc. Khintchuk] read the Menshevik declaration. Ibid. viii. 204 The familiar faces of the Menshevik and Socialist Revolutionary intellectuals. 1920Glasgow Herald 14 Oct. 9 Martov (Zedarbaum), who headed the Menshevik opposition when Lenin broke up the Russian Social Democratic Party in 1903. 1923E. A. Ross Russ. Soviet Republic 323 The imprisonment of the Menshevik members of the Moscow printers' union. 1971D. Smith Russia of Tsars viii. 128 The Petrograd Soviet was equally hesitant... Alexander Kerensky, its Menshevik vice-president,..used his influence. 1975Times Lit. Suppl. 4 July 740/5 When accused..of holding menshevik positions, he replies..that revolutionary virginity is not worth preserving at the price of inaction.
B. n. A member of the political group or party forming the smaller part of the Russian Social-Democratic Party after the split with the Bolsheviks in 1903 and denounced as counter-revolutionaries after the ‘October’ Revolution of 1917. Cf. Bolshevik n. Also transf. and fig.
1917[see Bolshevik n.]. [ 1919J. Reed Ten Days that shook World p. xiv, Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Originally Marxian Socialists. At a party congress held in 1903, the party split, on the question of tactics, into two factions—the Majority (Bolshinstvo) and the Minority (Menshinstvo). From this sprang the names ‘Bolsheviki’ and ‘Mensheviki’—‘members of the majority’ and ‘members of the minority’.] 1923E. A. Ross Russ. Soviet Republic 322 The Mensheviks can get no paper, which is a government monopoly, for pamphlets or leaflets at election time. 1926Contemp. Rev. Sept. 274 He was an outsider—a ‘menshevik’ (the ‘minority’ man). 1935N. Mitchison We have been Warned i. 67 Idlers, parasites, mensheviks, defeatists. 1973Listener 1 Feb. 135/3 The Provisionals..by playing the Bolsheviks to the Officials' Mensheviks—though not in ideology of course—have indeed become the party of the majority. |