| 释义 |
▪ I. repeat, n.|rɪˈpiːt|
Also 5–6 repete, 6–7 repeate.
[f. the vb.]
1. a. The (or an) act of repeating, repetition.
1556J. Heywood Spider & F. lxi. 10 First thants tale told the spiders he did repeate... Then in repeate, the spiders tale he did treate. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 318 One stroke they aim'd That might determine, and not need repeate. 1855Hopkins Organ 209 A ‘return’ or ‘repeat’ is caused in the series of Pedal sounds. 1869Daily News 20 Aug., A message may be hereafter sent from London to Bombay almost without a repeat.
b. A repetition of a musical piece or performance, or of some part of these.
1853E. S. Sheppard Ch. Auchester II. 208 Then burst out a tremendous call for a repeat. 1865Morn. Star 8 Sept., As to the execution of the oratorio..there was one good feature in it—there were no repeats.
c. In U.S. phr. and repeat, used to denote the return of a horse or the like back over the distance it has just come. Cf. return n. 1 g.
1819Va. Herald (Fredericksburg) 19 May 4/5 Second day two miles and repeat, free for all ages. 1856Trans. Mich. Agric. Soc. VII. 276 Trotting horses shall be tested in harness, by going at least one mile and repeat. 1903A. Adams Log of Cowboy ix. 131 A race horse can't beat an ox on a hundred miles and repeat to a freight wagon.
d. Broadcasting. A repetition of a programme which has already been broadcast.
1937Printers' Ink Monthly May 40/3 Repeat, a term denoting the second broadcast of a regular studio program broadcast for those stations not served by the original broadcast due to time differences. 1941B.B.C. Gloss. Broadcasting Terms 28 Repeat, repetition (as distinct from reproduction) of a programme which has been broadcast, either live or recorded, on one or more previous occasions. 1959Halas & Manvell Technique Film Animation xvi. 144 Animation seemed to be too elaborate a process to undertake for the limited number of repeats possible in the television medium. 1965Spectator 5 Mar. 289/2 In the current fortnight no fewer than twenty-seven of the BBC's programmes are ‘repeats’. 1973Listener 6 Dec. 798/2 A true interstice piece was the repeat of E. M. Forster's talk on Crabbe, in the interval of Death in Venice. 1976Weekend Echo (Liverpool) 4/5 Dec. 2/3 If B.B.C. and ITV have to put repeats on, why don't they show those that were on 15 to 20 years ago.
2.
†a. A refrain in poetry. Obs. rare.
1497Bp. Alcock Mons Perfect., The repete of euery balett was this, Englonde may wayle that euer Galand came here. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xix. (Arb.) 233 We may terme him the Loue-burden, following the originall, or if it please you, the long repeate.
†b. A repeated word or phrase. Obs.
1551T. Wilson Logike G j, The third [term] is called the double repeate, which is twise rehersed. Ibid. G v, The double repeate which is twise mencioned in both propositions ought to be no doubtfull worde. 1557N. T. (Genev.) Matt. vi. 7 marg., He commandeth vs to beware muche babling and superfluous repetes.
c. Mus. A passage repeated or performed twice; the repetition of a passage. Also fig.
1663J. Spencer Prodigies (1665) 3 Similar figures or dispositions..serve as a kind of grateful repeats in the harmony of the world. 1752Avison Mus. Express. 117 When there are no intermediate notes to introduce the Repeat. 1835Carrick Laird of Logan 56 She began her complaint against what she called ‘these repeats’, or singing one line more than once over. 1874Spurgeon Treas. David Ps. xcviii. 5 All repetitions are not vain repetitions, in sacred song there should be graceful repeats. 1884G. Moore Mummer's Wife (1887) 160 Then there is a repeat, in which the tenors and basses are singing against the women's voices.
d. Mus. A sign directing that a passage is to be performed twice.
1667C. Simpson Compendium 24 This Mark signifies a Repetition from that place only where it is set, and is called a Repeat. 1706A. Bedford Temple Mus. ix. 194 It is..expressed in our..Anthems by a Mark which we call a Repeat. 1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v., The great Repeat is only a double bar, dotted on each side. Ibid. The small repeat is where only some of the last measures of a strain are to be repeated. 1818Busby Gram. Mus. 159 Other abbreviations are also employed under the form of repeats.
†3. A recital, account. Obs. rare.
1609Markham Famous Whore (1868) 33 Nor will I heere report my foul diseases. For such repeates all modest eares displeases. c1611Chapman Iliad xvi. 57 And so of this repeate enough: Take thou my fame-blaz'd armes [etc.].
4. a. A repetition or duplicate of something.
1842H. Miller O.R. Sandst. vii. (ed. 2) 144 A doubtful repeat in the strata at one point of junction. 1867Sabbath on Rock ii. 41 The Jewish Sabbath was a repeat of God's seventh day of rest.
b. A device or pattern on cloth, paper, etc., which is repeated uniformly over the surface.
1855R. N. Wornum Anal. Ornament 19 You have but to design your repeat or unit of repetition; the rest is mere mechanical expansion. 1899Mackail Life Morris I. 282 The problem was that..of so arranging the ‘repeat’ that the pattern should flow continuously over the whole space to be filled, and not fall asunder into patches.
c. Comm. A second or fresh supply of goods similar to one already received; also, an order for such a supply, a re-order.
1885Pall Mall G. 14 Nov. 2/1, I ordered patterns and fabrics..only to be disappointed. In short, to use a trade term, I could not be sure of getting a ‘repeat’. 1895Daily News 19 Dec. 2/6 We can tell how trade is going by the ‘repeats’ we get.
5. a. In general attrib. (or adj.) use, designating a further example or instance of the specified n.; repeated, occurring again; esp. as repeat order, repeat performance.
1888Daily News 19 Nov. 2/7 There is an encouraging influx of repeat purchases. 1891Ibid. 11 Mar. 2/7 Both new and repeat orders are coming in freely. 1908A. W. Myers Compl. Lawn Tennis Player xv. 237 ‘E.R.’ comes back in a few minutes for a ‘repeat order’. 1935E. F. Benson Lucia's Progress vii. 206 ‘Went like hot cakes, ma'am,’ said the proprietor, ‘..and I've just telephoned a repeat order.’ 1949Radio Times 15 July 13/4, 9.50 p.m. A repeat performance of Thaïs by Massenet. 1961D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles IX. 15 By 10th May all normal clutches have been laid, but repeat-clutches are begun till the last days of May. 1974J. Wainwright Hard Hit 68 It is a repeat performance of last night; a staring up at the ceiling..a haunting—a remembering. 1978Lancashire Life Nov. 89/1 Postal orders rolled in, followed by repeat orders, together with letters from delighted winners testifying to the efficiency of the pills. 1980Times 6 Sept. 13/5 Last year over half our visitors to London were on repeat visits.
b. Special Combs.: repeat buying, the persistent buying of brands with which a shopper is familiar; repeat fee, a fee paid to a radio or television artist each time his performance is re-broadcast; repeat pattern = sense 4 b; repeat-sign Mus. = sense 2 d.
1972A. S. C. Ehrenberg (title) *Repeat-buying: theory and applications. 1973Nature 3 Aug. 316/1 A longstanding assumption in the theory of repeat buying has now been explained by results on consumers' brand switching behaviour.
1969Daily Tel. 6 Mar. 18 The principle of the *repeat-fee for the repeated employment of an artistic work has been established in the entertainment world for more than 50 years. 1975Broadcast 21 July 12/2 Repeat fees had to be avoided.
1959Listener 9 Apr. 629/1 There are even numbers of schools where the bastard activity of hand-painted *repeat-pattern-making is still practised. 1967E. Short Embroidery & Fabric Collage i. 6 Symmetrical motifs, and repeat patterns, come into their own.
1946A. L. Bacharach Brit. Music of Our Time iii. 62 Ostinato bass-figures..could be indicated by *repeat-signs.
▪ II. repeat, v.|rɪˈpiːt|
Also 4–7 repete, 6 Sc. repit-, 6–7 repeit, 7 repeate; pa. pple. 7 repeaten.
[ad. F. répéter (13th c.), ad. L. repetĕre to attack again, do or say again, fetch back, demand the return of, f. re- re- + petĕre to attack, make for, demand, seek, etc.]
I.
1. a. trans. To say or utter over again (something which one has already said), to reiterate. Also with obj. clause.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints vi. (Thomas) 77 He can hire pray, In þe sammyne led, fore til repete þai sammyne wordis. 1513Douglas æneis iv. Prol. 220 By the will I repeit this vers agane, Temporall joy endis with wo and pane. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxviii. §2 It is true that in sermons we do not use to repeate our sentences seuerally to euery particular hearer. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 254 We ad nothing more, but doe repeate vnto you, that we then did say in that point. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 400 Oft he to her his charge of quick returne Repeated. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 222 He was too earnest for an Answer to forget his Question; so that he repeated it in the very same broken Words. 1780Cowper Progr. Err. 550 His still refuted quirks he still repeats. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. II. 352 The King, as usual, repeated the same words over and over. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 12 He has repeated his words several times, and yet they cannot understand him.
absol.1859Tennyson Elaine 1022 As when we dwell upon a word we know, Repeating, till the word we know so well Becomes a wonder.
b. Used in radio communication, dictation, etc., to emphasize or clarify an important part of the message. Often combined with a negative. Also transf.
1938W. Bullitt Cable 19 Mar. in R. W. Clark Freud: Man & Cause (1980) xxiii. 507, I can make available immediately $10,000: but can not (repeat not) be responsible for more. 1943F. J. Bell Condition Red xvi. 259 We are not—repeat—not—a Jap. 1952New Statesman 24 May 612/2 We must not, repeat not, call Dragon's Mouth..a play. 1957‘J. Wyndham’ Midwich Cuckoos iii. 23 A notification from the R.A.F. was received in Trayne of some unidentified flying object, not, repeat not, a service machine, detected by radar in the Midwich area. 1961B. Pym No Fond Return of Love xi. 104 A notice..which said ‘Nobody, repeat nobody, is to tamper with the electric heating apparatus in here’. 1973R. Hayes Hungarian Game xxxv. 209 The request was for numbers of people on staff, repeat, numbers on staff. 1978Guardian Weekly 8 Oct. 10/2 If—repeat, if—the security forces have been tapping the home telephone of the editor of the Economist.
2. a. To say over, to recite (something previously learned or composed); also, to say or enunciate in a formal manner or in due order; to relate, recount.
1559W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 6 You have truly repetyd Ptolomæus wordes. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 31 b, He wrote to themperour..repeting the whole action at few words. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iv. i. 203 And therefore will hee.. keepe no Tell-tale to his Memorie, That may repeat and Historie his losse, To new remembrance. 1605― Macb. iv. iii. 112 These euils thou repeat'st vpon thy selfe, Hath banish'd me from Scotland. 1640Brome Antipodes iii. iii, It shall be by posterity repeaten That souldiers ought not to be dund or beaten. 1694Wood Life (O.H.S.) III. 450 Daniel Stacy..repeated the 4 Easter Sermons at S. Marie's. 1702Addison Dial. Medals Wks. 1721 I. 437, I cannot forbear repeating a passage out of Persius..that in my opinion [etc.]. 1754Gray Poesy 60 She deigns to hear the savage Youth repeat, In loose numbers wildly sweet, Their feather-cinctur'd chiefs, and dusky loves. 1826Scott Woodst. xxv, Repeat me these verses again, slowly and deliberately. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 20 An actor who spoiled his poems in repeating them.
b. absol. † Also spec. to hear recitations or lessons; to preach as a repeater.
1579Reg. Privy Council Scot. III. 244 Mr. Magnus wes placit in the said college be way of interim to repeit with the studentis. 1608Shakes. Per. i. iv. 74 Thou speak'st like him s [Q. himnes] untutered to repeat. 1673Wood Life (O.H.S.) II. 261 Low Sunday, Samuel Parker of Merton Coll. repeated.
†c. To mention, state. Obs. rare—1.
1561J. Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. 19 And first S. Iohn repeteth his name, lest we shuld any thing doubt of thauthour,..But he repeteth not himselfe to be y⊇ seruaunt of God.
†d. To celebrate, speak of (as). Obs. rare.
1638R. Brathwait Barnabees Jrnl. iii. (1818) 135 Thence to Wenchly, valley-seated, For antiquity repeated. 1671Milton Samson 645 Reserv'd alive to be repeated The subject of thir cruelty, or scorn.
3. a. To say or utter again after another or others.
1595Shakes. John iii. iv. 95 Greefe fils the roome vp of my absent childe:..Puts on his pretty lookes, repeats his words. 1712Steele Spect. No. 424 ⁋2, I do but repeat what has been said a thousand times. 1754Pococke Trav. (Camden) II. 55 Here is an eccho at a well to the Church which repeats seven syllables. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xix, With difficulty she forbore from repeating the cries of lamentation and alarm, which were echoed around her. 1874H. R. Reynolds John Bapt. i. i. 12 All the writers of the New Testament..do but repeat or transmit the significance of the life and work of Christ.
absol.1724Ramsay Vision ix, Eccho answers all; Repetand, and greitand.
†b. In pass. To be retorted upon in the same words. ? nonce-use.
1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) VII. 334 Lovel. Why so, Sir? Col. Why so, Sir ! (angrily)..Lovel. (interrupting) I don't choose, Colonel, to be repeated upon, in that accent.
c. With direct speech as obj.: to say or utter again (something that has just been said by oneself or another).
1766O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xii. 119 ‘A groce of green spectacles!’ repeated my wife in a faint voice. 1866C. M. Yonge Dove in Eagle's Nest I. ii. 58 ‘Ah! if the steeple of the Dome Kirk were but finished, I could not mistake it,’ said Christina... ‘Dome Kirk?’ repeated Ermentrude; ‘what is that?’ 1956‘C. Blackstock’ Dewey Death xii. 278 ‘He wasn't really bad,’ said Barbara... ‘Bad!’ repeated Mr. Dodds. ‘What does that mean?’ 1976H. MacInnes Agent in Place xx. 218 ‘Yes,’ Tom repeated, ‘he knew he had been tricked.’
II.
†4. To seek again, return to, encounter or undergo again. Obs.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 91 Feynenge oftetymes theym to flee, and after that repetenge fiȝhte. 1645Waller Summer Isl. iii. 106 The pious Trojan so, Neglecting for Creusa's life his own, Repeats the danger of the burning town. 1666Dryden Ann. Mirab. cclvii, Others..while through burning labyrinths they retire, With loathing eyes repeat what they would shun. 1697― Virgil Ded. b iv b, æneas..having secured his Father and his Son,..repeated all his former Dangers to have found his Wife.
†5. Sc. To seek in past time; to trace back. Obs.
Only in translations, after L. repetĕre.
1533Bellenden Livy i. Prol. (S.T.S.) I. 8 Þe historie of romanis is of grete besines, becaus It is now to be repetit aboue sevin hundreth ȝeris. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. i. 68 We think nocht sa far to repeit the beginning athir frome thir..finȝet Goddis, or frome..Gyantes.
6. a. To do, make, perform, or execute over again.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 382 b, Such thinges..ought not to have the force of a law, but that all thinges should be repeted from the beginning. 1635Quarles Embl. ii. xiii, He hath ill repented, whose sins are repeated. 1706Art of Painting (1744) 65 There is scarce a painter but has repeated some one of his works. 1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v., This mark shews, that the particular strain is to be repeated. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 104 Add..water to the residuum, boil it a second time, and repeat this operation twice. 1864Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. v. (1875) 70 He repeats the attempt of Theodoric to breathe a Teutonic spirit into Roman forms.
b. To cause to appear, to bring up or present again. Also freq. in pass., denoting recurrence. Also, to broadcast (a radio or television programme) again.
1714S. Cunn Treat. Fractions Pref. 6 The Reverend Mr. Brown, in his System of Decimal arithmetick, manages such interminate Decimals as have a single Digit continually repeated. 1778Encycl. Brit. (ed. 2) I. 680/2 The second [division of the decimal]..repeats the resulting figure after the dividend is exhausted. 1823J. Mitchell Dict. Math. & Phys. Sci. 417/2 Recurring Decimals, those which are continually repeated in the same order. 1862Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. viii. 169 Nine times in the course of this single hymn is repeated this most expressive figure. 1923Radio Times 28 Sept. 12/1 Why is it apparently not thought advisable to repeat the ‘Request Nights’, which..are so popular? 1955Ibid. 22 Apr. 28/3 Music and Movement..To be repeated on Friday at 9.55 a.m. 1974Listener 29 Aug. 277/3 There could be no better celebration of the art of standing up and holding forth than the late Dr Bronowski's The Ascent of Man, the last episode of which was repeated over the weekend as a tribute.
refl.1872Frost Curve Tracing 190 The manner in which the curve repeats itself is given in another figure.
c. intr. To recur, appear again.
1714S. Cunn Treat. Fractions 66 If any required Root of some circulating Expression doth not repeat from the Repetend once used, it cannot repeat at all. 1796Hutton Math. Dict. I. 290/1 That part of the circulate which repeats is called the repetend. 1965Listener 10 June 867/2 A certain rugged, irregular shape tends to repeat throughout the picture. 1967E. Short Embroidery & Fabric Collage i. 33 An allover pattern in embroidery differs from one that is printed in that it does not necessarily have to repeat exactly.
d. trans. Educ. (orig. U.S.). To undertake (a course or period of instruction) again.
1945C. V. Good Dict. Educ. 342/2 Repeater, a pupil who has repeated or is currently repeating the work of a grade or part of a subject at some designated level of difficulty. 1973Sun-Herald (Sydney) 26 Aug. 83/1 A suggestion has come that he should repeat third year as he is so young. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 28 Aug. 6/3 Make them repeat the course, repeat a year, drop a grade in rank, anything short of expulsion. 1977Rolling Stone 5 May 45/3 Mark had to repeat first and second grades.
7. spec.
a. Of clocks and watches: To strike (the last hour or quarter) again. Also absol.
1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v. Watch, Barlow's [watch] was made to repeat, by pushing in two pieces on each side the watch-box; one of which repeated the hour and the other the quarter. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 499 A clock..which strikes and repeats, and goes for eight days. 1843Penny Cycl. XXVII. 107/1 The clock would at any time repeat the hour last struck. 1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1273 Gold watch, striking the hour and quarters, and repeating when wanted.
b. Naut. To reproduce (signals made by the admiral). Also absol.
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780) s.v. Signals, The admiral's signals..are always repeated by the officers next in command; by ships appointed to repeat signals [etc.]. Ibid., To preserve order in the repetition of signals,..the commanders of the squadrons repeat after the admiral. 1809Naval Chron. XXII. 181 Frigates,..To repeat in Admiral Byng's Division. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 568 To Repeat Signals is to make the same signal exhibited by the admiral, in order to its being more readily distinguished at a distance.
c. absol. U.S. To vote illegally more than once at the same election.
1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. iii. lxiv. 469 Vagabonds who..are ready to stuff ballot-boxes, to buy votes, to ‘repeat’, etc.
d. absol. Of food: To rise in the gullet, so as to be tasted again.
1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. 1896Mod. Advt., Emulsion..does not repeat, which is very much in its favour. 1954E. B. White Let. 28 July (1976) 398 At my age, Miss T., a writer repeats like an onion. 1981P. Hansford Johnson Bonfire i. vii. 71, I hope these aren't cucumber sandwiches... Cucumber always repeats.
8. refl.
a. To reproduce or present (oneself) again; to reappear in the same form.
a1850Jeffrey (Ogilvie), In personating the heroes of the scene, he does little but repeat himself. 1868E. Edwards Ralegh I. xxiv. 561 Biography, like history at large, is apt occasionally to repeat itself.
b. To say again what one has already said. Also transf.
1864Froude Short Stud. (1867) I. 1 He spoke more than an hour without a note—never repeating himself. 1874L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) I. vi. 220 A man must necessarily repeat himself who writes eighty-five stories..in less than twenty years. 1965Listener 9 Sept. 393/2 It contradicts most cogently the persistent accusation that Strauss repeated himself.
III. †9. Chiefly Sc. Law. To ask back, to demand the restitution of (money or goods); to claim, require. Also const. from. Obs.
1582Reg. Privy Council Scot. III. 499 All proffite and commoditie quhilk our said Soverane Lord..mycht ony wyse ask, cleame or repeit fra the saidis pertiners. 1597Sc. Acts Jas. VI §100 heading, The maner how gudes taken away, may be repeated. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 26 Gif he selles hir dowrie, and she consent thereto after his deceis, she may nocht repete the samine fra the buyer. 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. Disc. x. 136 When a man is in a considerable degree defrauded, then it is permitted to him to repeat his own before Christian arbitrators.
▸ intr. U.S. To achieve a (particular) success, achievement, etc., again; (esp. in Sport) to win a particular championship, etc., again, esp. on consecutive occasions.
[1891N.Y. Times 27 June 2 Atlantic put the first heat to his credit... In the next heat..Lynn..was the winner, and an easy one, because Atlantic could not repeat.] 1909N.-Y. Daily Tribune 20 Aug. 5/1 Rocky O'Brien furnished a stunning surprise by defeating Sweep in the rich Hopeful Stakes some two weeks ago, but few horsemen believe that the son of Middler will repeat. 1911N.Y. Times 29 Aug. 8/5 Ramsdell is the first American to repeat as a winner in the English championship sprints as he won similar races in 1910. 1955Billboard 12 Nov. 72/3 George Shearing's Quintet..repeated as No. 1. 1978Detroit Free Press 2 Apr. (Parade Suppl.) 24/1 Jones also will be following in Abdul-Jabbar's giant footsteps if he repeats on the first team in his junior and senior years. 1991Bicycle Guide Sept. 43/2, I really didn't think we'd repeat because the European teams were so upstaged last year that..they had to bring their best riders. 2002Sporting News 11 Nov. 71/1 Much of the enthusiasm regarding KU's potential to repeat as a Final Four team waned as the result of star junior forward Drew Gooden's departure for the NBA. |